Download or read book Ozone as a Driver of Lung Inflammation and Innate Immunity and as a Model for Lung Disease written by Bernahrd Ryffel and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Early Life Ozone and LPS Exposure on Long Term Programming of Innate Immunity written by Kinjal Maniar Hew and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well documented that the respiratory system of young children, particularly within the first year of life, is highly sensitive to environmental stimuli. During infancy, postnatal growth and differentiation of pulmonary epithelium occurs in parallel with maturation of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Epidemiologic data support a link between early life air pollution and microbial exposures and increased lung infection susceptibility and enhanced disease severity in children. But the mechanisms behind this increased susceptibility during early life remain poorly defined. The focus of this dissertation research is to characterize the development of innate immune responses during early life using a non-human primate model. We hypothesize that exposures to common environmental challenges such as ozone and endotoxin during infancy can result in sustained modulation of innate immune responses to pathogens, both systemically and locally within the lung. Work outlined in Chapter 2 shows that postnatal ozone exposure of the airways results in persistent attenuation of innate immune responses to a microbial challenge. Our data clearly show that the immunosuppressive effects of ozone exposure are not limited to cells within the lung. Instead, the ability of cells within the peripheral blood compartment to respond to LPS challenge is also negatively affected. Another unexpected finding in this study is that the effects of postnatal ozone exposure on the LPS-induced cytokine response is maintained within the peripheral blood compartment for at least 6 months after the exposure period. This suggests that early life environmental exposures result in the generation of a "memory" response that imprints future immune responses to a microbial challenge. Studies described in Chapter 3 further confirm the generation of this "memory" response following endotoxin (LPS) challenge. The results highlight the important role of the airway epithelium in initiating the immune response to a microbial challenge. Age had a significant impact on the ability of airway epithelium to generate a robust inflammatory response to microbial challenge. Infant airway epithelium was hypo-responsive, juvenile airway epithelium responded with a robust IL-6 protein response and adult airway epithelium responded with a strong IL-8 protein response. To further understand the potential mechanisms responsible for infant airway epithelium hyporesponsiveness, we investigated the role of innate immune signaling through toll like receptors in the airway epithelium. The results indicate that toll-like receptor signaling pathway-induced gene expression changes in the airway epithelium are age dependent. The study revealed that multiple genes in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway show differential expression in infant airway epithelium compared to adult airway epithelium. Studies described in Chapter 4 confirm the importance of understanding the effects of early life ozone and endotoxin exposures on pulmonary immunity. Our data show that epithelial cells isolated from postnatal ozone-exposed animals maintain a persistently modulated protein expression pattern for IL-6 and IL-8. This study provides additional support for the notion that airway epithelium is capable of developing "memory" following ozone exposure, such that prior exposures impact the magnitude and duration of cytokine responses to a subsequent microbial challenge. Importantly, we have been able to delineate the differential effects of ozone and endotoxin exposure on regulation of cytokine expression by epithelial cells. Collectively, these data clearly indicate the differential effects of early life ozone and endotoxin exposure and their influence on innate immune responses. More importantly, these findings provide clear evidence that the molecular pathways that respond to ozone and endotoxin exposure retain memory, such that cells within the lung and peripheral blood compartments no longer yield a robust inflammatory response to a future microbial challenge.

Download or read book Environmental Issues and Allergy An Issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America E Book written by Jill A. Poole and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-10-21 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics, guest editor Jill A. Poole brings her considerable expertise to the topic of Environmental Issues and Allergy. Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in Environmental Issues and Allergy, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

Download or read book Inflammasome Biology written by Pablo Pelegrin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-11-23 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammasome Biology: Fundamentals, Role in Disease States, and Therapeutic Opportunities is a complete reference on the role of inflammasomes in health and disease. Sections cover the different types of inflammasomes, including cellular signaling, structural and evolutive aspects, overview the role of inflammasomes in key diseases, microbial infections and human body systems conditions, cover the interplay between Inflammasomes and cell death processes, and discuss current therapeutic opportunities driven by inflammasome research, including targeting, blocking and inhibiting the development of inflammasomes through both synthetic and natural compounds. This book is the perfect reference for cell biologists, immunologists and research clinicians to understand the foundations of inflammasomes and explore the therapeutic opportunities they present. Pharma researchers may also find this reference invaluable in devising new approaches to developing anti-inflammatory drugs. Provides comprehensive coverage of the subject of inflammasome biology Authored by leading experts worldwide Provides biological insights that have both health implications and therapeutic potential

Download or read book One Health Meets the Exposome written by Mary Ann Ottinger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-03-26 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One Health Meets the Exposome: Human, Wildlife, and Ecosystem Health brings together the two powerful conceptual frameworks of One Health and the Exposome to comprehensively examine the myriad of biological, environmental, social, and cultural challenges impacting the interrelated health of humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. One Health as an encompassing concept and collaborative framework recognizes the interconnections among humans, wildlife, and our shared environment with the goal of optimizing health outcomes for all. The Exposome is more specifically oriented to human health and considers cumulative environmental exposures affecting individuals, communities, and populations. This book will provide the broadened and integrative view that considers a more holistic approach needed to confront the complex issues facing us today. One Health Meets the Exposome: Human, Wildlife, and Ecosystem Health is a valuable and cutting-edge resource for researchers and practitioners in medicine, public health, animal science, wildlife and field biology, and for any reader looking to better understand the relationships among human health and the environment. Examines One Health historical focus on disease transfer from wildlife to humans Analyzes the transition of the One Health concept to a current multi- and trans-disciplinary framework with global programs aimed at optimizing human, and wildlife health Defines the Exposome and current approaches to conceptualize environmental impacts on human health Bridges the concepts of One Health and the Exposome by comparing, contrasting, and visualizing synergistic and integrative conceptual frameworks

Download or read book Oxidative Stress in Lung Diseases written by Sajal Chakraborti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-31 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first volume of the comprehensive, two-volume work on oxidative stress in lung disease introduces the molecular mechanisms, and the role of oxidants in the progression of different lung diseases. The lungs of humans and animals are under constant threat from oxidants from either endogenous (e.g. in situ metabolic reactions) or exogenous sources (e.g. air pollutants). Further, oxidative stress causes the oxidation of proteins, DNA and lipids, which in turn generates secondary metabolic products. The book consists of sections, each focusing on different aspects of oxidant-mediated lung diseases. As such it is a unique reference resource for postgraduate students, biomedical researchers and also for the clinicians who are interested in studying and understanding oxidant-mediated lung diseases. The second volume will incorporate other aspects of oxidant-mediated lung diseases, including prevention and therapeutics.

Download or read book Harrison s Principles of Internal Medicine Twenty First Edition Vol 1 Vol 2 written by Joseph Loscalzo and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2022-04-05 with total page 4132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Voice of Clinical ReasonHarrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine is the world's most trusted clinical medicine text—and a superb resource for learning the art and science of clinical reasoning. Recognized by healthcare professionals worldwide as the leading authority on applied pathophysiology and clinical medicine, Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine provides the informational foundation you need for the best patient care possible. This new edition is fully updated with timely new chapters and essential updates across the spectrum of internal medicine. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine stands as the benchmark for authoritative, practical information on patient care and the pathogenesis and clinical management of symptoms and signs and specific diseases. Written and edited by the world’s top experts in their respective fields, this landmark guide provides the comprehensive, accurate, and essential coverage of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. Harrison’s is world-renowned as the most authoritative source for: • Descriptions of disease mechanisms and how the clinician can apply that knowledge for the best patient care and optimal diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases • Clear, concise schemas that facilitate the generation of differential diagnoses to reason efficiently through complex real world clinical cases • The physiologic and epidemiologic basis of signs and symptoms, which are covered through a wealth of unsurpassed expert guidance and linked to the disease-specific chapters that follow • Updated clinical trial results and recommended guidelines • Excellent and extensive visual support, including radiographs, clinical photos, schematics, and high-quality drawings • Coverage of both therapeutic approaches and specific treatment regimens • Practical clinical decision trees and algorithms • Organ-specific sections, with clinically relevant pathophysiology and practical clinical advice on the approach to the patient, strategies towards building a differential diagnosis, outstanding clinical algorithms and diagnostic schema, a wealth of clinical images and diagrams, current clinical guidelines, general and specific approaches to therapy Harrison’s remains the most trusted resource in a world influenced by endless sources of medical information. The most timely and comprehensive updates from the world’s top experts are featured in the 21st edition: • Current coverage of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, from COVID to dementia to sepsis to multiple sclerosis to lung cancer • Updated content that reflects new approved therapeutics and new practice-changing guidelines and evidence summaries • More than 1000 clinical, pathological, and radiographic photographs, diagnostic and therapeutic decision trees, and clear schematics and diagrams describing pathophysiologic processes • More than a dozen atlases featuring curated collections of visual aspects of diagnosis and management • Complete, updated curation and synthesis of primary medical literature which incorporates current data from major studies and clinical trials • Clinical reasoning resources and helpful disease/presentation schemas • Clinically relevant coverage of disease mechanics and pathophysiology, and related therapeutic mechanisms

Download or read book Lung Epithelial Biology in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Disease written by Venkataramana K Sidhaye and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-09 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lung Epithelial Biology in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Disease provides a one-stop resource capturing developments in lung epithelial biology related to basic physiology, pathophysiology, and links to human disease. The book provides access to knowledge of molecular and cellular aspects of lung homeostasis and repair, including the molecular basis of lung epithelial intercellular communication and lung epithelial channels and transporters. Also included is coverage of lung epithelial biology as it relates to fluid balance, basic ion/fluid molecular processes, and human disease. Useful to physician and clinical scientists, the contents of this book compile the important and most current findings about the role of epithelial cells in lung disease. Medical and graduate students, postdoctoral and clinical fellows, as well as clinicians interested in the mechanistic basis for lung disease will benefit from the books examination of principles of lung epithelium functions in physiological condition. Provides a single source of information on lung epithelial junctions and transporters Discusses of the role of the epithelium in lung homeostasis and disease Includes capsule summaries of main conclusions as well as highlights of future directions in the field Covers the mechanistic basis for lung disease for a range of audiences

Download or read book Immunopharmacology written by Manzoor M. Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decades, with the introduction of the recombinant DNA, hybridoma and transgenic technologies there has been an exponential evolution in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of a large number of human diseases. The technologies are evident with the development of cytokines and monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents and the techniques used in gene therapy. Immunopharmacology is that area of biomedical sciences where immunology, pharmacology and pathology overlap. It concerns the pharmacological approach to the immune response in physiological as well as pathological events. This goals and objectives of this textbook are to emphasize the developments in immunology and pharmacology as they relate to the modulation of immune response. The information includes the pharmacology of cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, mechanism of action of immune-suppressive agents and their relevance in tissue transplantation, therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AIDS and the techniques employed in gene therapy. The book is intended for health care professional students and graduate students in pharmacology and immunology.

Download or read book The Inflammasomes written by Isabelle Couillin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-02 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inflammasome was first described in 2002 as a molecular complex activating proinflammatory caspases and therefore regulating the maturation and biological activities of cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-18. This finding was substantiated by the identification of several mutations in the cias1 gene, encoding the human NLRP3 protein, responsible for several autoinflammatory disorders such as the Muckle Wells syndrome. Since, the interest for this complex has constantly increased and several inflammasome complexes with different specificities have been described. These inflammasomes sense a wide variety of pathogens and danger signals and are key players in the inflammatory response. With the contributions of leading international experts in the field, this book provides an extensive overview of the current knowledge of inflammasome biology and their role in health and disease.

Download or read book Signaling by Toll Like Receptors written by Gregory W. Konat and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-06-20 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs) spurred the field of innate immunity into a renaissance after many years of neglect. Since then, TLR research has grown at an exponential rate. Taking an integrated methodological approach, Signaling by Toll-Like Receptors offers a comprehensive review of important techniques in molecular biology,

Download or read book Tumor Microenvironment written by Alexander Birbrair and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this volume focuses on non-hematopoietic cells within the tumor microenvironment.Further, it teaches readers about the roles of distinct constituents of the tumor microenvironment and how they affect cancer development. Topics include fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, stellate cells, and more. Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment: Non-Hematopoietic Cells updates us on what we know about the different aspects of the tumor microenvironment as well as future directions. Useful for introducing the newer generation of researchers to the history of how scientists focused in the tumor microenvironment and how this knowledge is currently applied for cancer treatments, it will be essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as researchers seeking an update on research in the tumor microenvironment. All of the chapter authors are renowned international experts in the cancer biology field in specific subfields that will be the focus of their chapters.

Download or read book Public Health Significance of Urban Pests written by Xavier Bonnefoy and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century witnessed important changes in ecology, climate and human behaviour that favoured the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly, urban planners now face the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl, in which city suburbs are growing into the natural habitats of ticks, rodents and other pests. Also, many city managers now erroneously assume that pest-borne diseases are relics of the past. All these changes make timely a new analysis of the direct and indirect effects of present-day urban pests on health. Such an analysis should lead to the development of strategies to manage them and reduce the risk of exposure. To this end, WHO invited international experts in various fields - pests, pest-related diseases and pest management - to provide evidence on which to base policies. These experts identified the public health risk posed by various pests and appropriate measures to prevent and control them. This book presents their conclusions and formulates policy options for all levels of decision-making to manage pests and pest-related diseases in the future. [Ed.]

Download or read book Immunopharmacology and Inflammation written by Carlo Riccardi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-09 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the current research on inflammation and immunopharmacology, with particular attention to the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, this book discusses future trends in this area of pharmacological research. It addresses an audience with basic knowledge in the inflammatory process, immune system and pharmacology. The book meets the needs of graduate students, junior and senior researchers and is useful as a source of the most current information for those already working in these fields.

Download or read book Damp Indoor Spaces and Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost all homes, apartments, and commercial buildings will experience leaks, flooding, or other forms of excessive indoor dampness at some point. Not only is excessive dampness a health problem by itself, it also contributes to several other potentially problematic types of situations. Molds and other microbial agents favor damp indoor environments, and excess moisture may initiate the release of chemical emissions from damaged building materials and furnishings. This new book from the Institute of Medicine examines the health impact of exposures resulting from damp indoor environments and offers recommendations for public health interventions. Damp Indoor Spaces and Health covers a broad range of topics. The book not only examines the relationship between damp or moldy indoor environments and adverse health outcomes but also discusses how and where buildings get wet, how dampness influences microbial growth and chemical emissions, ways to prevent and remediate dampness, and elements of a public health response to the issues. A comprehensive literature review finds sufficient evidence of an association between damp indoor environments and some upper respiratory tract symptoms, coughing, wheezing, and asthma symptoms in sensitized persons. This important book will be of interest to a wide-ranging audience of science, health, engineering, and building professionals, government officials, and members of the public.

Download or read book Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxidants written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1977-01-01 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Children s Health the Nation s Wealth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has clearly improved over the past several decades. Significant and positive gains have been made in lowering rates of infant mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and accidental causes, improved access to health care, and reduction in the effects of environmental contaminants such as lead. Yet major questions still remain about how to assess the status of children's health, what factors should be monitored, and the appropriate measurement tools that should be used. Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health provides a detailed examination of the information about children's health that is needed to help policy makers and program providers at the federal, state, and local levels. In order to improve children's health-and, thus, the health of future generations-it is critical to have data that can be used to assess both current conditions and possible future threats to children's health. This compelling book describes what is known about the health of children and what is needed to expand the knowledge. By strategically improving the health of children, we ensure healthier future generations to come.