Download or read book Oscillator Driven Central Pattern Generator CPG System for Animating Quadruped Locomotion written by Zeeshan Bhatti and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis work proposes a unique framework for generating quadruped animation of various locomotion gaits and patterns using a dual layer of hybrid mathematical model. Animation has become an integral part of everyday entertainment industry from games, movies, television to scientific research and development. Creating animation of quadrupeds is an extremely long and tedious process through key-framing. Motion capture data for multiple gait types is not so commonly available for quadruped animals and this processes itself is expensive both financially and in skill required. In this research, a two tier based procedurally generated animation framework is proposed which is able to simulate various quadruped locomotion gaits using procedural programming techniques. Initially a detailed motion analysis study was done to understand the biomechanics of quadruped gait patterns and footfall timing. The gait types which were studied consists of walk, trot, gallop, canter, pace, and rack for 4 primary animals including Horse, Lion, Tiger and Cat. The basic quadruped skeletal model is automatically rigged using procedural rigging techniques and custom manipulator are incorporated for higher level control of generated simulation by the user. The animation system model consists of a oscillator based Central Pattern Generator (CPG) which is able to produce couple leg oscillation derived through user controlled parameters, producing in-phase and out-of-phase leg swing motion curves. Each leg has a separate CPG unit that is able to generate and control the swing and stance phases of each gait cycle with couple oscillation, having a time shift in correspondence to each leg, in a permuted symmetry. The dynamic motion is calculated independently for each body part with user interaction and control over the speed, frequency and oscillation of body parts individually through a UI, during runtime, for high divergence control of the simulation. The user can manipulate the simulation parameters for leg impact phases and duration at runtime and our system will automatically adjust the motion gaits and transitions between each gaits at runtime. Our procedural model for animating quadrupeds is able to generate various locomotion gaits with varying speed and footfall pattern dynamically. The various gaits produced by the CPG system are, walk, trot, gallop, canter, pace, pronk and rack, along with turning around in any specified direction, moving up on a hill or coming down from uneven terrain, crouching and crawling. Various gait and footfall timing test are performed to test and validate the motion, along with a study of user's perception test to determine a Visual Mean Opinion Score (VMOS) of the believability and accuracy of the generated animation with statistical significance. The test and validation of the generated motion gaits shows that the system accuracy and believability rate is at 84% with VMOS of 4.1 out of 5, which is a very pleasing and satisfactory outcome for this generic animation framework. The potential application area of this research work could be in CGI Movies, 3D Animated Movies, Game Animations, Special Effects, Character Simulations and Virtual Reality applications.
Download or read book Natural Oscillation for Undulatory Locomotion and Optimal Autonomous Pattern Formation written by Debora Taylor Ludeke and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pattern formation is everywhere in both biology and engineering. A few processes in which it occurs are coupled oscillators, synchronization, multi-agent consensus, central pattern generators (CPGs), and dynamic systems using repetitive movements such as animal-like gaits. How to determine the pattern most preferable for a given process is just as important as how to best achieved a given pattern. 'Preferred' and 'best' being nothing more than vague adjectives with positive connotations, we explore these two ideas through research on two more precisely defined problems: defining a 'natural gait' for undulatory locomotion and solving the optimal LTI output feedback control problem for autonomous pattern formation. Robotic vehicles inspired by animal locomotion are propelled by interactive forces from the environment resulting from periodic body movements. The pattern of body oscillation (gait) can be mimicked from animals, but understanding the principles underlying the gait generation would improve our understanding of nature and allow for broader, more flexible engineering applications. We hypothesize that the traveling-wave oscillations observed in undulatory locomotion can be characterized as a natural oscillation of the locomotion dynamics, and accordingly propose a formal definition of a natural gait. We first identify the dynamics essential to undulatory locomotion, and define the mode shape of natural oscillation by the free response of an idealized system. We then use body-environment resonance to define the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations. Explicit formulas for the natural gait are derived, assuming uniformity of the body, to ii provide insight into the mechanisms underlying undulatory locomotion. Examples of a swimming leech and a fictitious swimmer with a non-uniform body illustrate how undulatory gaits similar to those observed in nature can be produced as the natural gait, and how they can be modulated to achieve a variety of swim speeds. Lastly, a linear feedback controller using damping compensation is developed that makes the natural gait a limit cycle in the resulting nonlinear closed-loop system. Next we solve the optimal, linear, output feedback problem in which the controller is autonomous and achieves pattern formation. Here the term 'pattern' denotes the behavior of the individual plant states, e.g. periodic, constant bias, or stable. When applicable, it may also designates the relative magnitudes and phases of the multi-state target trajectory. The cost is defined as the L2 norm of the transient portion of the impulse response. The solution is obtained by optimizing over freedom in the general solution to eigenstructure assignment theory, wherein the target trajectory is determined by a 'pattern generator' embedded in the feedback loop. Freedom in the pattern generator which corresponds to freedom in the target trajectory significantly increases the complexity of the optimization problem with respect to the standard regulator problem. It also allows for further cost reduction. We draw theoretically significant parallels and distinctions between this unique result and the classical optimal H2 norm result which combines a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and Kalman filter observer in accordance with the separation principle. A design example illustrates the controllers ability to calculate and achieve the optimal target trajectory following a disturbance. We also demonstrate how adding nonlinearites to the controller results in a limit cycle at a specified amplitude.
Download or read book Neural Control of Locomotion written by Robert Herman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biologically Inspired Robotics written by Yunhui Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-12-21 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robotic engineering inspired by biology—biomimetics—has many potential applications: robot snakes can be used for rescue operations in disasters, snake-like endoscopes can be used in medical diagnosis, and artificial muscles can replace damaged muscles to recover the motor functions of human limbs. Conversely, the application of robotics technology to our understanding of biological systems and behaviors—biorobotic modeling and analysis—provides unique research opportunities: robotic manipulation technology with optical tweezers can be used to study the cell mechanics of human red blood cells, a surface electromyography sensing system can help us identify the relation between muscle forces and hand movements, and mathematical models of brain circuitry may help us understand how the cerebellum achieves movement control. Biologically Inspired Robotics contains cutting-edge material—considerably expanded and with additional analysis—from the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). These 16 chapters cover both biomimetics and biorobotic modeling/analysis, taking readers through an exploration of biologically inspired robot design and control, micro/nano bio-robotic systems, biological measurement and actuation, and applications of robotics technology to biological problems. Contributors examine a wide range of topics, including: A method for controlling the motion of a robotic snake The design of a bionic fitness cycle inspired by the jaguar The use of autonomous robotic fish to detect pollution A noninvasive brain-activity scanning method using a hybrid sensor A rehabilitation system for recovering motor function in human hands after injury Human-like robotic eye and head movements in human–machine interactions A state-of-the-art resource for graduate students and researchers in the fields of control engineering, robotics, and biomedical engineering, this text helps readers understand the technology and principles in this emerging field.
Download or read book Biomimetics written by Maki K. Habib and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioinspired systems, technologies and techniques known as “biomimetics” or the “mimicry of nature,” represent a ground-breaking method of scientific research based on innovation and a creative design approach of the ‘nature’ laboratory to be applied to any scientific discipline. This approach and the associated way of thinking facilitates the cross-fertilization of scientific fields, integrating biology and the interdisciplinary knowledge featuring the evolution of models that have refined in nature within any scientific discipline.
Download or read book Coordination Dynamics Issues and Trends written by Viktor K. Jirsa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together scientists from all over the world who have defined and developed the field of Coordination Dynamics. Grounded in the concepts of self-organization and the tools of nonlinear dynamics, appropriately extended to handle informational aspects of living things, Coordination Dynamics aims to understand the coordinated functioning of a variety of different systems at multiple levels of description. The book addresses the themes of Coordination Dynamics and Dynamic Patterns in the context of the following topics: Coordination of Brain and Behavior, Perception-Action Coupling, Control, Posture, Learning, Intention, Attention, and Cognition.
Download or read book The Future of Humanoid Robots written by Riadh Zaier and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-01-20 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides state of the art scientific and engineering research findings and developments in the field of humanoid robotics and its applications. It is expected that humanoids will change the way we interact with machines, and will have the ability to blend perfectly into an environment already designed for humans. The book contains chapters that aim to discover the future abilities of humanoid robots by presenting a variety of integrated research in various scientific and engineering fields, such as locomotion, perception, adaptive behavior, human-robot interaction, neuroscience and machine learning. The book is designed to be accessible and practical, with an emphasis on useful information to those working in the fields of robotics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, computational methods and other fields of science directly or indirectly related to the development and usage of future humanoid robots. The editor of the book has extensive R
Download or read book Neurotechnology for Biomimetic Robots written by Joseph Ayers and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of neurotechnology, the engineering of robots based on animals and animal behavior. The goal of neurotechnology is to confer the performance advantages of animal systems on robotic machines. Biomimetic robots differ from traditional robots in that they are agile, relatively cheap, and able to deal with real-world environments. The engineering of these robots requires a thorough understanding of the biological systems on which they are based, at both the biomechanical and physiological levels.This book provides an in-depth overview of the field. The areas covered include myomorphic actuators, which mimic muscle action; neuromorphic sensors, which, like animal sensors, represent sensory modalities such as light, pressure, and motion in a labeled-line code; biomimetic controllers, based on the relatively simple control systems of invertebrate animals; and the autonomous behaviors that are based on an animal's selection of behaviors from a species-specific behavioral "library." The ultimate goal is to develop a truly autonomous robot, one able to navigate and interact with its environment solely on the basis of sensory feedback without prompting from a human operator.
Download or read book Motor Control and Learning written by Markus Latash and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-31 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to view the effects of development, aging, and practice on the control of human voluntary movement from a contemporary context. Emphasis is on the links between progress in basic motor control research and applied areas such as motor disorders and motor rehabilitation. Relevant to both professionals in the areas of motor control, movement disorders, and motor rehabilitation, and to students starting their careers in one of these actively developed areas.
Download or read book Bio Inspired Innovation and National Security written by National Defense University and published by NDU Press. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the vital importance of the emerging area of biotechnology and its role in defense planning and policymaking, no definitive book has been written on the topic for the defense policymaker, the military student, and the private-sector bioscientist interested in the "emerging opportunities market" of national security. This edited volume is intended to help close this gap and provide the necessary backdrop for thinking strategically about biology in defense planning and policymaking. This volume is about applications of the biological sciences, here called "biologically inspired innovations," to the military. Rather than treating biology as a series of threats to be dealt with, such innovations generally approach the biological sciences as a set of opportunities for the military to gain strategic advantage over adversaries. These opportunities range from looking at everything from genes to brains, from enhancing human performance to creating renewable energy, from sensing the environment around us to harnessing its power.
Download or read book Legged Robots that Balance written by Marc H. Raibert and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1986 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, by a leading authority on legged locomotion, presents exciting engineering and science, along with fascinating implications for theories of human motor control. It lays fundamental groundwork in legged locomotion, one of the least developed areas of robotics, addressing the possibility of building useful legged robots that run and balance. The book describes the study of physical machines that run and balance on just one leg, including analysis, computer simulation, and laboratory experiments. Contrary to expectations, it reveals that control of such machines is not particularly difficult. It describes how the principles of locomotion discovered with one leg can be extended to systems with several legs and reports preliminary experiments with a quadruped machine that runs using these principles. Raibert's work is unique in its emphasis on dynamics and active balance, aspects of the problem that have played a minor role in most previous work. His studies focus on the central issues of balance and dynamic control, while avoiding several problems that have dominated previous research on legged machines. Marc Raibert is Associate Professor of Computer Science and Robotics at Carnegie-Mellon University and on the editorial board of The MIT Press journal, Robotics Research. Legged Robots That Balanceis fifteenth in the Artificial Intelligence Series, edited by Patrick Winston and Michael Brady.
Download or read book Biotensegrity written by Graham Melvin Scarr and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emerging science of biotensegrity provides a fresh context for rethinking our understanding of human movement, but its complexities can be formidable. Biotensegrity: The Structural Basis of Life, Second edition - now with full color illustrations throughout - explores and explains the concept of biotensegrity and provides an understanding and appreciation of anatomy and physiology in the light of the latest research findings. The reader learns that biotensegrity is an evolving science which gives researchers, teachers, and practitioners across a wide range of specialisms, including bodyworkers and movement teachers, a deeper understanding of the structure and function of the human body. They are then able to develop clinical practice and skills in light of this understanding, leading to more effective therapeutic approaches, with the aim of improved client outcomes. The second edition provides expanded coverage of the developmental and therapeutic aspects of biotensegrity. Coverage now includes: A more thorough look at life's internal processes Closed kinematic chains as the new biomechanics Embryological development as an evolutionary process The human body as a constantly evolving system based on a set of unchanging principles Emergence, heterarchies, soft-matter and small-world networks A deeper look at what constitutes the therapeutic process
Download or read book Simulation Modeling and Programming for Autonomous Robots written by Davide Brugali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots, SIMPAR 2014, held in Bergamo, Italy, in October 2014. The 49 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on simulation, modeling, programming, architectures, methods and tools, and systems and applications.
Download or read book Nature inspired Mobile Robotics written by Kenneth J. Waldron and published by World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated. This book was released on 2013 with total page 861 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings provide state-of-the-art scientific and engineering research findings and developments in the area of mobile robotics and assistive technologies. The proceedings collected together peer reviewed articles presented at the CLAWAR 2013 conference. It contains a strong showing of articles on legged locomotion with numbers of legs from two onwards. There is also a good collection of articles on systems that walls climbing, poles balancing, and other more complex structures following the traditional of CLAWAR themes. In addition, the proceedings also cover the subject of robot-human interaction, which focus on a more “human” way of communicating with humanoid robots. As for human assistive devices, proceedings also cover exoskeletal and prosthetic devices, robots for personal and nursing cares to address the issues of ageing population in our society. Finally, the issue of the deployment of robots in society, it social and ethically consideration are also addressed in the proceedings.
Download or read book Bioinspired Legged Locomotion written by Maziar Ahmad Sharbafi and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioinspired Legged Locomotion: Models, Concepts, Control and Applications explores the universe of legged robots, bringing in perspectives from engineering, biology, motion science, and medicine to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. With comprehensive coverage, each chapter brings outlines, and an abstract, introduction, new developments, and a summary. Beginning with bio-inspired locomotion concepts, the book's editors present a thorough review of current literature that is followed by a more detailed view of bouncing, swinging, and balancing, the three fundamental sub functions of locomotion. This part is closed with a presentation of conceptual models for locomotion. Next, the book explores bio-inspired body design, discussing the concepts of motion control, stability, efficiency, and robustness. The morphology of legged robots follows this discussion, including biped and quadruped designs. Finally, a section on high-level control and applications discusses neuromuscular models, closing the book with examples of applications and discussions of performance, efficiency, and robustness. At the end, the editors share their perspective on the future directions of each area, presenting state-of-the-art knowledge on the subject using a structured and consistent approach that will help researchers in both academia and industry formulate a better understanding of bioinspired legged robotic locomotion and quickly apply the concepts in research or products. Presents state-of-the-art control approaches with biological relevance Provides a thorough understanding of the principles of organization of biological locomotion Teaches the organization of complex systems based on low-dimensional motion concepts/control Acts as a guideline reference for future robots/assistive devices with legged architecture Includes a selective bibliography on the most relevant published articles
Download or read book Biped Locomotion written by Miomir Vukobratovic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here for the first time in one book is a comprehensive and systematic approach to the dynamic modeling and control of biped locomotion robots. A survey is included of various approaches to the control of biped robots, and a new approach to the control of biped systems based on a complete dynamic model is presented in detail. The stability of complete biped system is presented for the first time as a highly nonlinear dynamic system. Also included is new software for the synthesis of a dynamically stable walk for arbitrary biped systems, presented here for the first time. A survey of various realizations of biped systems and numerous numerical examples are given. The reader is given a deep insight into the entire area of biped locomotion. The book covers all relevant approaches to the subject and gives the most complete account to date of dynamic modeling, control and realizations of biped systems.
Download or read book New Advances in Mechanisms Transmissions and Applications written by Victor Petuya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-04 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Conference on Mechanisms, Transmissions and Applications - MeTrApp 2013 was organised by the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of the Basque Country (Spain) under the patronage of the IFToMM Technical Committees Linkages and Mechanical Controls and Micromachines and the Spanish Association of Mechanical Engineering. The aim of the workshop was to bring together researchers, scientists, industry experts and students to provide, in a friendly and stimulating environment, the opportunity to exchange know-how and promote collaboration in the field of Mechanism and Machine Science. The topics treated in this volume are mechanism and machine design, biomechanics, mechanical transmissions, mechatronics, computational and experimental methods, dynamics of mechanisms and micromechanisms and microactuators.
