Download or read book Orgin of the Low Frequency Sound Absorption in Sea Water written by Ernest Yeager and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Origin of the Low Frequency Sound Absorption in Sea Water written by Ernest Yeager and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature-jump measurements in sea water over the time domain 0.00001 to 0.01 sec reveal a single relaxation of 0.00015 sec at 9.7C, which appears to correspond to the approximately 1 kHz relaxation found from long range sound propagation. Laboratory measurements indicate the relaxation to originate from boron with the B(OH)3 - B(OH)4 - equilibrium the likely relaxing process. (Author).

Download or read book Attenuation of Low Frequency Sound in the Sea written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Low Frequency Sound Absorption in Sea Water A New Chemical Relaxation Mechanism written by D. G. Browning and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presented the oral and visual presentation entitled 'Low Frequency Sound Absorption in Sea Water: A New Chemical Relaxation Mechanism?, ' presented at the 101st Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 18-22 May 1981, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Excess sound absorption in sea water arises mainly from chemical relaxations involving MgS04 and B(OH)3. The high-frequency (100 kHz) MgS04 relaxation has been identified as a multistep ion-pair process. The low frequency (1 kHz) and B(OH)3 relaxation apparently involves more complex interactions with other constituents. To investigate B(OH)3 interactions in a simpler system, we measured absorption in NH3 solution using the resonator method. We have found alpha max to be proportional to the product of NH(+) and B(OH)4( - ) concentrations; however, the magnitude is much too large to be caused by the ion pair. The mechanism, probably similar to that in sea water, resembles catalysis, the absorption being governed by the large volume change of the faster NH3/NH4(+) equilibrium and the relaxation frequency by the slower B(OH)3/B(OH)4( - ) equilibrium. (Author).

Download or read book Global Model for Sound Absorption in Sea Water written by R. H. Mellen and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Review of Some Physical and Chemical Factors Affecting the Attenuation of Low Frequency Sound in Seawater written by Daniel J. Whelan and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An attempt has been made to trace the contributions of various physical and chemical factors which effect the low frequency attenuation of sound observed in deep ocean channels and to establish that chemical relaxational processes do in fact contribute to the overall attenuation of this sound. The available evidence indicates that below 0.5 kHz, attenuation is affected predominantly by diffraction and diffusive scattering, but in the range 0.5 to 2.5 kHz, it is the effects of chemical relaxation processes, involving boric acid/borate and magnesium/carbonate equilibria, which dominate the sound absorption phenomenon.

Download or read book Approaches to a Quantitative Analytical Description of Low Frequency Sound Absorption in Sea Water written by Daniel J. Whelan and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The absorption of sound in sea water at low frequency (1-100 kHz) and intermediate frequency (50-500 kHz) ranges can be defined by a series of relaxation phenomena, each of which can be described mathematically by a Debye relationship. Below 5 kHz, the principal absorption mechanism is attributed to borate and magnesium/carbonate interactions, while in the range 5 to 50 kHz the absorption arises from magnesium sulphate ion pair formation in sea water. The dependence of the various relaxation modes on oceanographic variables is outlined in quantitative terms based on results from deep ocean sound channel experiments and laboratory experiments.

Download or read book Sound Propagation in the Sea written by Robert J. Urick and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sound Propagation in the Sea written by Robert J. Urick and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Sound Absorption in Sea Water Low Frequency Relaxation Mechanism written by Robert H. Mellen and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resonator measurements measurements indicate that the principal B(OH)-3 absorption mechanism in sea water is an exchange between the B(OH)3/B(OH)-4 and HCO-3/CO3-2 equilibria in which coupling to the Ca2+ ion-pairing equilibria provides most of the molal volume change. If either Ca or CO2 are omitted, B(OH)3 absorption is an order of magnitude too low. T-jump measurements indicate a two-step B(OH)3 ionization process in H2O. In sea water, both relaxations occur and are coupled. Present theory shows that pH and absorption may have different relaxation frequencies as experimental data indicates. The empirical pH-dependent absorption formula derived from ocean measurements gives predictions that are consistent with the exchange relaxation model.

Download or read book Attenuation of Low Frequency Sound in the Sea written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of the 1 KHz Sound Absorption in Sea Water written by Vernon Pitkin Simmons and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measurement of Attenuation of Low frequency Sound 5 8 Kcs in Small Samples of Sea Water written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Attenuation of Low Frequency Sound in the Sea written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Attenuation of Low Frequency Sound in the Ocean NUSC Research written by David G. Browning and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past five years, the Naval Underwater Systems Center has conducted a series of experiments to study the attenuation of low-frequency sound in sea water. The report reviews each of these investigations and the techniques employed and traces their respective contributions to the current understanding of sound attenuation in the ocean. Experimental evidence suggesting the probable existence in sea water of a relaxational process around one kHz is reinforced by recent laboratory measurements involving boron-borate reactions. Results of measurements in major ocean areas of the world show generally consistent values of low-frequency attenuation, thereby permitting use of simple empirical formulas for adequate prediction at frequencies above 100 Hz. At longer wavelengths, the exact behavior of the coefficients remain poorly defined. (Author).

Download or read book Measurement of Attenuation of Low frequency Sound 5 8 Kc s in Small Samples of Sea Water written by P. G. Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cavity resonators with acoustically soft side walls were developed for measuring sound attenuation in sea water. The equipment is capable of such measurement at discrete frequencies between 5 and 8 kc/s, in the range from 10 to 200 db/kyd. Natural sea water with suspended particulate matter and high oxygen content showed attenuations in the whole range, in contrast to either distilled or clean sea water which produced no measurable attenuation. It is suggested that fine invisible bubbles or bubble nuclei may account for the excess attenuation. Theory and experimental results are discussed fully. (Author).

Download or read book The Effect of Temperature on Low Frequency Sound Attenuation in Fresh and Salt Water written by E. N. Jones and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anomalous attenuation observed both in fresh and sea water at 4C can be described by a relaxation-type expression, with the relaxation frequency equal to 1 kHz. From the limited data available at a different temperature, the activation energy was computed and is of the same magnitude as hydrogen bonding. Further experiments are planned for Lake Tanganyika and the Red Sea to establish the thermal behavior of the 1 kHz absorption.