Download or read book Options for Gas to Liquids Technology in Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purposes of this work was to assess the effect of applying new technology to the economics of a proposed natural gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant, to evaluate the potential of a slower-paced, staged deployment of GTL technology, and to evaluate the effect of GTL placement of economics. Five scenarios were economically evaluated and compared: a no-major-gas-sales scenario, a gas-pipeline/LNG scenario, a fast-paced GTL development scenario, a slow-paced GTL development scenario, and a scenario which places the GTL plant in lower Alaska, instead of on the North Slope. Evaluations were completed using an after-tax discounted cash flow analysis. Results indicate that the slow-paced GTL scenario is the only one with a rate of return greater than 10 percent. The slow-paced GTL development would allow cost saving on subsequent expansions. These assumed savings, along with the lowering of the transportation tariff, combine to distinquish this option for marketing the North Slope gas from the other scenarios. Critical variables that need further consideration include the GTL plant cost, the GTL product premium, and operating and maintenance costs.
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of Gas to Liquids GTL Product Transportation Through the Trans Alaska Pipeline Systems TAPS written by Nkemakonam Ejiofor and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Alaska North Slope is a potential candidate for the Gas to Liquid (GTL) technology. With over 38 Tcf of natural gas reserves stranded on the Alaska North Slope, the GTL technology is considered as a possible method of harnessing the abundant resources. GTL fuels are environmentally friendly (sulfur free) with better ignition and burning properties than conventional petroleum products from crude oil. Evaluating the options of transporting GTL products through the existing Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) together with crude oil either as a blend of crude oil and GTL (commingled) or as alternate slugs of each product (batching) is the main focus of this study. Economic evaluation using Rate of Return analysis to identify the most favorable mode of transportation of the GTL products was performed. Batching, using the modem tracking and sensor techniques was found to be the most economic method yielding the highest return on investment"--Leaf iii.
Download or read book Evaluation of Gas to liquid GTL Technology and Its Application to Transportation of Alaskan North Slope ANS Natural Gas as GTL Products written by Congbiao Liu and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) processes via Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis, options for Alaskan North Slope (ANS) gas utilization and transportation of GTL products are reviewed. GTL processes including synthesis gas production, F-T synthesis and upgrading of F-T products are evaluated and selected. Options for ANS gas utilization are compared. Range of product compositions for GTL processes are determined. Transportation modes of GTL products are identified and discussed. Various transportation issues and the GTL testing plan to address these issues are proposed. Properties of GTL products are predicted by using a commercial PVT simulator named WINPROP. The GTL option offers a promising choice for bringing ANS natural gas to market. As the cost of synthesis gas production decreases, GTL products can compete with crude oil refined products. The batch mode may be preferable to the blending mode for transportation of GTL products and crude oil"--Leaf iii.
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of Gas to Liquids GTL Crude Oil Commingled Product Transportation Through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System TAPS written by Adejoke Motunrayo Ibironke and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Alaska North Slope is a potential candidate for the Gas to Liquid (GTL) technology. With over 38 TCF of natural gas reserves stranded on the Alaska North Slope, the GTL technology is considered as a possible method of harnessing the abundant resources. GTL fuels are environmentally friendly (sulfur free) with better ignition and burning properties than conventional petroleum products from crude oil. Economic evaluation using Rate of Return analysis and the Net Present Value (NPV) to identify the most favorable commingled mode for the transportation of the GTL products was performed. The Crystal Ball software was also used to run sensitivity analysis by using the probabilistic approach to give a clear view of the various scenarios on the project economics. Evaluating the options of transporting GTL products as a blend (Commingled) with the Alaska North Slope Crude Oil through the existing Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is the main focus of this study"--Leaf iv.
Download or read book Alternatives for Alaskan Natural Gas written by John T. McAlister and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alaska North Slope Natural Gas written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oil and Natural Gas written by V. C. Mtsiva and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political words, machinations and policies galore cannot disguise US dependence on foreign petroleum and natural gas to keep the country moving. The ever-changing geopolitical scene complicates the pictures as does US willingness to use military force to keep the spigots open. This new book presents and analyses the current issues in this big-money, big-risk and non-trivial field.
Download or read book Study of Rheology of Gas to liquid Products Alaska North Slope Crude Oil and Their Blends for Transportation Through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System written by Abhijeet Ashok Inamdar and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In order to bring remote natural gas to market, conversion of natural gas to a liquid form (Gas-to-liquids (GTL)) may be an alternative to utilize this gas. Alaskan North Slope might prove as one of the first sites in the USA to commercialize this technology because of the huge natural gas resources it holds. The Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) will be the means of transportation of this GTL to the market. Thus it becomes major task to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of transporting GTL products through the TAPS. One of the modes of transporting GTL products from ANS to Valdez is commingling them with Crude oil as a single phase before pumping through TAPS. This changes the properties of GTL as well as the Crude oil. Thus it becomes important to study the physical and chemical properties of not only the GTL but also its blends with the crude oil. Four blends of GTL/crude in the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 were prepared for their rheological evaluation at different temperature conditions. Results show that flow behavior of the pure and GTL blends are temperature sensitive. Viscosity and density of the blends decrease with increasing amount of GTL and increasing temperature. Optimum blend ratio is between 1:2 and 1:3 GTL/Crude oil blends"--Leaf iii.
Download or read book Oil and Gas R D Programs written by United States. Office of Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alaskan Natural Gas to Liquids GTL Using Microchannel Reactors written by Jeffrey Hammond and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book STUDY OF TRANSPORTATION OF GTL PRODUCTS FROM ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE ANS TO MARKETS written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Alaskan North Slope is one of the largest hydrocarbon reserves in the US where Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) technology can be successfully implemented. The proven and recoverable reserves of conventional natural gas in the developed and undeveloped fields in the Alaskan North Slope (ANS) are estimated to be 38 trillion standard cubic feet (TCF) and estimates of additional undiscovered gas reserves in the Arctic field range from 64 TCF to 142 TCF. Transportation of the natural gas from the remote ANS is the key issue in effective utilization of this valuable and abundance resource. The throughput of oil through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) has been on decline and is expected to continue to decline in future. It is projected that by the year 2015, ANS crude oil production will decline to such a level that there will be a critical need for pumping additional liquid from GTL process to provide an adequate volume for economic operation of TAPS. The pumping of GTL products through TAPS will significantly increase its economic life. Transporting GTL products from the North Slope of Alaska down to the Marine terminal at Valdez is no doubt the great challenge facing the Gas to Liquids options of utilizing the abundant natural gas resource of the North Slope. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate and assess the economic feasibility of transporting GTL products through the TAPS. Material testing program for GTL and GTL/Crude oil blends was designed and implemented for measurement of physical properties of GTL products. The measurement and evaluation of the properties of these materials were necessary so as to access the feasibility of transporting such materials through TAPS under cold arctic conditions. Results of the tests indicated a trend of increasing yield strength with increasing wax content. GTL samples exhibited high gel strengths at temperatures as high as 20 F, which makes it difficult for cold restart following winter shutdowns. Simplified analytical models were developed to study the flow of GTL and GTL/crude oil blends through TAPS in both commingled and batch flow models. The economics of GTL transportations by either commingled or batching mode were evaluated. The choice of mode of transportation of GTL products through TAPS would depend on the expected purity of the product and a trade-off between loss in product value due to contamination and cost of keeping the product pure at the discharge terminal.
Download or read book Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Gas to liquids Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System written by Sirisha Nerella and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology involves the conversion of natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons. In this study, theoretical studies have been presented to determine the feasibility of transporting GTL products through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). To successfully transport GTL through TAPS, heat loss along the route must be carefully determined. This study presents heat transfer and fluid dynamic calculations to evaluate this feasibility. Because of heat loss, the fluid temperature decreases in the direction of flow and this affects the fluid properties, which in turn influence convection coefficient and pumping power requirements. The temperature and heat loss distribution along the pipeline at different locations have been calculated. Fairly good agreement with measured oil temperatures is observed. The powers required to pump crude oil and GTL individually, against various losses have been calculated. Two GTL transportation modes have been considered; one as a pure stream of GTL and the second as a commingled mixture with crude oil. These results show that the pumping power and heat loss for GTL are less than that of the crude oil for the same volumetric flow rate. Therefore, GTL can be transported through TAPS using existing equipment at pump stations"--Leaf iii.
Download or read book Natural Gas Issues written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System Alternatives written by United States. EIS Task Force and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research at DOE written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-12-12 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In legislation appropriating funds for DOE's fiscal year (FY) 2000 energy R&D budget, the House Interior Appropriations Subcommittee directed an evaluation of the benefits that have accrued to the nation from the R&D conducted since 1978 in DOE's energy efficiency and fossil energy programs. In response to the congressional charge, the National Research Council formed the Committee on Benefits of DOE R&D on Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy. From its inception, DOE's energy R&D program has been the subject of many outside evaluations. The present evaluation asks whether the benefits of the program have justified the considerable expenditure of public funds since DOE's formation in 1977, and, unlike earlier evaluations, it takes a comprehensive look at the actual outcomes of DOE's research over two decades.
Download or read book Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System Alternatives 2 v written by United States. EIS Task Force and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Natural Gas Option new Resources and New Technologies written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
