Download or read book Optimal Product Variety Scale Effects and Growth written by Henri L. F. de Groot and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We develop a model to analyze the social optimality of growth and product variety. The model contains two sectors, one assembly sector producing a homogeneous consumption good and one intermediate goods sector producing differentiated inputs. Growth results from R&D performed in the intermediate goods sector. We disentangle three effects associated with increased variety: (i) a productivity effect, (ii) a business stealing effect, and (iii) a growth effect. The market provides too little variety and suboptimally high growth if the productivity effect of variety is large relative to the market power of intermediate goods producers. If varieties are not very productive, the market provides too low a rate of growth, whereas variety may either be too low as well too high.
Download or read book Product Variety and Economic Growth written by Sebastiaan Michael Straathof and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effectiveness of Policy Instruments for Energy Efficiency Improvement in Firms written by Kornelis Blok and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-05-31 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can governments stimulate energy-efficiency improvement? This book analyzes environmental policy in the Netherlands to present a wealth of empirical results on the successes and failures of governmental initiatives in environmental policy. Discussion extends to such topics as free-rider effects of subsidies, the credibility of voluntary agreements, the art of regulation and the fate of research & development money.
Download or read book The Monopolistic Competition Revolution in Retrospect written by Steven Brakman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-01-05 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1977 Dixit and Stiglitz revolutionized the modeling of imperfectly competitive markets, launching the second monopolistic competition revolution. This 2003 text includes a comprehensive survey of both monopolistic competition revolutions, and previously unpublished working papers by Dixit and Stiglitz that led to their famous 1977 paper.
Download or read book Growth Without Scale Effects written by Alwyn Young and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increase in the size (scale) of an economy increases the total quantity of rents that can be captured by successful innovators which, in equilibrium, should lead to a rise in innovative activity. Conventional wisdom and the theoretical predictions of models of endogenous innovation suggest that this increased research effort should lead to more rapid growth. As noted by Jones [1993], this prediction is at odds with the postwar experience of the OECD, where the growth of the market has indeed led to an increased R & D effort which, however, has been translated into stagnant or declining growth rates. Drawing upon the remarkable insights of the museum curator S.C. Gilfillan [1935], this paper modifies models of endogenous innovation to allow for the possibility that a rise in the profitability of innovative activity could lead to an increased variety of differentiated solutions to similar problems. An increased variety of technologies (e.g. an increase in the number and types of contraceptives) will increase the level of utility of the average consumer. If, however, continued improvement of this increased variety of technologies requires increased research input, a rise in the scale of the market could raise the equilibrium quantity of R & D, without increasing the economy's growth rate. Furthermore, increased product variety, brought about by increases in market size, might reduce the returns to improving product quality, paradoxically lowering an economy's growth rate while increasing the total resources devoted to R & D.
Download or read book The Economics of Growth written by Philippe Aghion and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-09-17 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, rigorous, and up-to-date introduction to growth economics that presents all the major growth paradigms and shows how they can be used to analyze the growth process and growth policy design. This comprehensive introduction to economic growth presents the main facts and puzzles about growth, proposes simple methods and models needed to explain these facts, acquaints the reader with the most recent theoretical and empirical developments, and provides tools with which to analyze policy design. The treatment of growth theory is fully accessible to students with a background no more advanced than elementary calculus and probability theory; the reader need not master all the subtleties of dynamic programming and stochastic processes to learn what is essential about such issues as cross-country convergence, the effects of financial development on growth, and the consequences of globalization. The book, which grew out of courses taught by the authors at Harvard and Brown universities, can be used both by advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and as a reference for professional economists in government or international financial organizations. The Economics of Growth first presents the main growth paradigms: the neoclassical model, the AK model, Romer's product variety model, and the Schumpeterian model. The text then builds on the main paradigms to shed light on the dynamic process of growth and development, discussing such topics as club convergence, directed technical change, the transition from Malthusian stagnation to sustained growth, general purpose technologies, and the recent debate over institutions versus human capital as the primary factor in cross-country income differences. Finally, the book focuses on growth policies—analyzing the effects of liberalizing market competition and entry, education policy, trade liberalization, environmental and resource constraints, and stabilization policy—and the methodology of growth policy design. All chapters include literature reviews and problem sets. An appendix covers basic concepts of econometrics.
Download or read book Product Variety Management written by Teck-Hua Ho and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Product proliferation has become a common phenomenon. Most companies now offer hundreds, if not thousands, of stock keeping units (SKUs) in order to compete in the market place. Companies with expanding product and service varieties face with problems of obtaining accurate demand forecasts, controlling production and inventory costs, and providing high quality and good delivery performance for the customers. Marketing managers often advocate widening product lines for increasing revenue and market share. However, the breadth of product line can also decrease the efficiency of manufacturing processes and distribution systems. Thus firms must weigh the benefits of product variety against its cost in order to determine the optimal level of product variety to offer to their customers. Academics and practitioners are interested in several fundamental questions about product variety. For instance, why do companies extend their product lines? Do consumers care about product variety? Will a brand with more variety enjoy higher market share? How should product variety be measured? How can a company exploit its product and process design to deliver a higher level of product variety quickly and cheaply? What should the level of product variety be and what should the price of each of the product variants be? What kind of 'challenges would a company face in offering a high level of product variety and how can these obstacles be overcome? The solutions to these questions span multiple functions and disciplines.
Download or read book Recent Developments in Growth Theory written by Daron Acemoglu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume collection examines the major developments in growth theory over the past decade. Key papers by leading scholars cover new trends in theoretical and empirical research. The first volume shows how new research has improved our understanding of the empirical patterns of economic growth and has posed new challenges for theory. The second volume contains articles which have pushed the theory of economic growth in new directions and work which has responded to the challenges raised by empirical research. The editor has written an authoritative introduction which presents a comprehensive overview of the selected papers. 42 articles, dating from 1992 to 2002
Download or read book Industrial Competitiveness and Design Evolution written by Takahiro Fujimoto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates the concept of design into the existing framework of industrial performance, international trade and comparative advantage in trade and industrial phenomena, which increasingly have been affected by design characteristics of tradable goods. Design, capability and their evolution are introduced into current theories of trade to explain the reality of international trade in the early twenty-first century and the possibility of design-based comparative advantage is explored. Toward that end, the concepts of design, architecture, organizational capability and productivity are introduced, as are their interactions and evolution. The author starts from the fact that firms’ selection of design locations precedes that of production locations and that a new product’s initial production location is usually the same as its design location. In other words, design matters in explaining today’s trade phenomena. Thus, this book analyzes product design and its evolution in the context of the comparative advantage theory. The author argues that the concept of Ricardo’s comparative advantage must be reinterpreted in a more dynamic way than in the past, with changing labor input coefficients treated as variables and driven by international capability-building competition between factories. Some of the many topics dealt with in this volume include a capability-architecture view of industrial comparative advantage, a design-based view of manufacturing, the evolution of manufacturing capabilities, Ricardian comparative advantage with changing labor input coefficients, comparative design cost and selection of design locations and a design process model behind comparative design cost. In this way, the behaviors of factories, product development projects, firms, industries and national economies in today’s global competition are described and analyzed in the most realistic way.
Download or read book Efficiency Market Dynamics and Industry Growth written by J. K. Sengupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-10-29 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of industry growth, technology and globalization have a dramatic impact on the current economic growth of nations, significantly changing the market structure and world trade, and challenging the competitive equilibrium and their guiding principles. In the world of innovations and spill-over of R&D effects, various forms of non-competitive market structures have evolved in recent times. This book analyzes the new paradigm of change in technology intensive industries, with an emphasis in three main areas; non-parametric models of growth, sources of industry growth and non-competitive market structures in a dynamic framework. The authors to this volume utilise theoretical and empirical analysis to examine the role of R&D investment and Solow-type technical progress, using the non-parametric methods of efficiency analysis, also known as Data Envelopment Analysis. This book is essential reading for all interested in economic theory and innovation.
Download or read book Consumer Driven Demand and Operations Management Models written by Serguei Netessine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-02 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book is by top scholars in supply chain management, revenue management, and e-commerce, all of which are grounded in information technologies and consumer demand research. The book looks at new selling techniques designed to reach the consumer.
Download or read book Design for Excellence written by Sangarappillai Sivaloganathan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-02-18 with total page 874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design for Excellence contains papers from a conference organised by Brunel University. This book will be useful for designers, engineers, software developers, and other technologists working in a wide variety of engineering applications. Both those working in industry and in the academic environment will want to have access to this valuble resource. CONTENTS INCLUDE: A strategic overview of UK product development Technology management – a methodology towards achieving design excellence within the pharmaceutical industry Designing safer systems – the application of human factors methods From environmental assessment results to DFE product changes – an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods Design determines 70 percent of cost? A review of implications for design evaluation Using correlation chains to link customer requirements and physical laws How to manage ‘3-GEN’ products and services Strain based shallow shell finite element for circular cylindrical shells Validation of manufacturing facilities in the pharmaceuticals industry The use of formal design techniques in the development of a model device Aesthetic intelligence – optimizing user-centred design Tendering for engineering contracts An investigation on specifications – component, source information areas, and contents
Download or read book Coping with Variety written by Yannick Lung and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-08-14 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1999, this book explores pint points, compares and dates the development of product differentiation and variety. This book also analyses’ how firms have embraced a variety of ways of efficiently managing this verity though production, the design of the product as well as in the relations with the suppliers and distributors.
Download or read book The Effect of Variety Seeking Behavior on Optimal Product Positioning written by David C. Schmittlein and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mathematical Models in Economics Volume II written by Wei-Bin Zhang and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Models in Economics is a component of Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences in which is part of the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. This theme is organized into several different topics and introduces the applications of mathematics to economics. Mathematical economics has experienced rapid growth, generating many new academic fields associated with the development of mathematical theory and computer. Mathematics is the backbone of modern economics. It plays a basic role in creating ideas, constructing new theories, and empirically testing ideas and theories. Mathematics is now an integral part of economics. The main advances in modern economics are characterized by applying mathematics to various economic problems. Many of today's profound insights into economic problems could hardly be obtained without the help of mathematics. The concepts of equilibrium versus non-equilibrium, stability versus instability, and steady states versus chaos in the contemporary literature are difficult to explain without mathematics. The theme discusses on modern versions of some classical economic theories, taking account of balancing between significance of economic issues and mathematical techniques. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
Download or read book Increasing Returns and Perfect Competition written by Marcus Berliant and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of the stability Pact written by Roel M. W. J. Beetsma and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
