Download or read book Operational Analysis of the Culminating Phase of the Battle of the Atlantic A German Fait Accompli written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Battle of the Atlantic was the dominating factor all through the war. Never for one moment could we forget that everything happened elsewhere, on land, at sea, or in the air, depended ultimately on its outcome, and amid all other cares we viewed its changing fortunes day by day with hope or apprehension. The Atlantic proved to be the decisive grounds on which Britain's ability to wage a sustained war against the axis powers rested. The period of August 1942 through May 1943 has proven to be the critical period in the Battle of the Atlantic. During this phase of the battle, the allies turned the tables on a surge in German U-boat successes and rising confidence and precipitated such a severe reversal of fortune that and Commander in Chief (CinC) of the German Navy and U-boat arm, Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz, was driven to the conclusion that a complete withdrawal of U-boats from the North Atlantic was required. This paper will examine the operational aspects of the German offensive in the Battle of the Atlantic during the culminating phase in the first half of 1943 and the factors that led to the German collapse. The lessons learned from the German perspective can be instructive in how a unified approach to this battle would have prolonged Germany's ability to truly affect the allied shipping, and may have influenced the final outcome.
Download or read book Britain Germany and the Battle of the Atlantic written by Dennis Haslop and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The length, scale and intensity of the Battle of the Atlantic led the British and German navies to make substantial changes to their organisation, strategy and tactics. In this book, Dennis Haslop examines the pivotal lessons learned, and how these helped to determine the outcome of the Battle of the Atlantic Convoy War. He questions how well adapted the two organisations were to learn from the conflict, and how effective they were in identifying problems and producing remedies. Based on the in-depth analysis of British and German primary sources, this study provides an innovative basis against which to assess the German and British approach to changing warfare and provides important new insights into aspects of convoy warfare, in particular the virtually unknown subject of German 'Operational Research'.
Download or read book Decoding History written by W. Gardner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-09-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The German attack on merchant shipping in the Second World War, known as the Battle of the Atlantic, was countered partly by code-breaking intelligence known as Ultra. The dramatic revelation of this factor in the middle 1970s resulted in many works giving this as the most important cause of Allied success.
Download or read book A New Look At The Battle Of The Atlantic written by Colonel Donald L. Davis USMC and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper examines the Battle of the Atlantic from an operational rather than the usual strategic perspective. The impressive achievements of the small force of German submarines against such overwhelming odds was a direct result of Admiral Karl Doenitz’s skillful practice of the Operational Art. An examination of his attributes and methods may provide useful guidance for the commander of the small, austere force of the future. Superior numbers or technology does not guarantee for military success. Sound doctrine, vision, operational excellence, initiative and audacity, on the other hand, can produce substantial advantages. The paper also cautions that the dramatic allied reconstitution which did so much to turn the tide in the Battle of the Atlantic is unlikely to reoccur and that the large, costly multi-purpose weapons platforms of today may be as ineffective in fighting the low intensity naval battle on the littoral as the large capital ships were in the Battle of the Atlantic.
Download or read book Battle of the Atlantic 1942 45 written by Mark Lardas and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This illustrated study explores, in detail, the climactic events of the Battle of the Atlantic, and how air power proved to be the Allies' most important submarine-killer in one of the most bitterly fought naval campaigns of World War II. As 1942 opened, both Nazi Germany and the Allies were ready for the climactic battles of the Atlantic to begin. Germany had 91 operational U-boats, and over 150 in training or trials. Production for 1942–44 was planned to exceed 200 boats annually. Karl Dönitz, running the Kriegsmarine's U-boat arm, would finally have the numbers needed to run the tonnage war he wanted against the Allies. Meanwhile, the British had, at last, assembled the solution to the U-boat peril. Its weapons and detection systems had improved to the stage that maritime patrol aircraft could launch deadly attacks on U-boats day and night. Airborne radar, Leigh lights, Magnetic Anomaly Detection (MAD) and the Fido homing torpedo all turned the anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft into a submarine-killer, while shore and ship-based technologies such as high-frequency direction finding and signals intelligence could now help aircraft find enemy U-boats. Following its entry into the war in 1941, the United States had also thrown its industrial muscle behind the campaign, supplying VLR Liberator bombers to the RAF and escort carriers to the Royal Navy. The US Navy also operated anti-submarine patrol blimps and VLR aircraft in the southern and western Atlantic, and sent its own escort carriers to guard convoys. This book, the second of two volumes, explores the climactic events of the Battle of the Atlantic, and reveals how air power – both maritime patrol aircraft and carrier aircraft – ultimately proved to be the Allies' most important weapon in one of the most bitterly fought naval campaigns of World War II.
Download or read book Battle for the North Atlantic written by John Bruning and published by Zenith Press. This book was released on 2013-06-15 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Battle of the North Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign of World War II, running from 1939 until the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, though it reached its peak from mid-1940 through the end of 1943. The Battle of the North Atlantic pitted German U-boats and other warships of the German navy against Allied merchant shipping. Initially, convoys of merchant ships were protected for the most part by the British and Canadian navies and air forces. Starting in the early fall of 1941, before Pearl Harbor, these forces were aided by ships and aircraft of the United States. The Battle for the North Atlantic began on the first day of the European war and lasted for six years, involving thousands of ships and stretching over hundreds of miles of the vast ocean and seas in a succession of more than a hundred convoy battles and as many as a thousand single-ship encounters. Tactical advantage switched back and forth over the six years as new weapons, tactics, and countermeasures were developed by both sides. The Allies gradually gained the upper hand, driving the German surface raiders from the ocean by the end of 1942 and decisively defeating the U-boats in a series of convoy battles between March and May 1943.
Download or read book The Operational Culminating Point Can You See It Coming written by James D. Coomler and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes 3 operational machanized forces in the offense to determine if there are common recurring characteristics that foretell that a unit is approaching its culminating point. They are: the German defeat at El Alamein, 1942; the Soviet defeat at Kharkov, 1943; and the German defeat at the Battle of the Bulge, 1944. FM 100-5 cites the Clausewitzian concept of the operational art. A commander who is familiar with possible indicators and who understands historical examples of the culminating point has an advantage in making the necessary decisions in time to prevent his force from passing its culminating point or to allow him to take advantage of an enemy's. The study provides an understanding of the culminating point concept, its relationship to implementation of doctrine, and some guides to alert of possible approaching culminating points. Two broad categories recur: those events known to or caused by the attacker to himself and those brought about the enemy. The overwhelming majority of events or traits which help bring about the culminating point are of the former; the attacker hastens his own culminating point more so than does the enemy. A commander's overconfidence and stubborn commitment to a flawed course of action was found to contribute most directly to his eventual inability to defend.
Download or read book The Battle of the Atlantic written by Jonathan Dimbleby and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-01 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The only thing that ever really frightened me during the war was the U-boat peril," wrote Winston Churchill in his monumental history of World War Two. Churchill's fears were well-placed-the casualty rate in the Atlantic was higher than in any other theater of the entire war. The enemy was always and constantly there and waiting, lying just over the horizon or lurking beneath the waves. In many ways, the Atlantic shipping lanes, where U-boats preyed on American ships, were the true front of the war. England's very survival depended on assistance from the United States, much of which was transported across the ocean by boat. The shipping lanes thus became the main target of German naval operations between 1940 and 1945. The Battle of the Atlantic and the men who fought it were therefore crucial to both sides. Had Germany succeeded in cutting off the supply of American ships, England might not have held out. Yet had Churchill siphoned reinforcements to the naval effort earlier, thousands of lives might have been preserved. The battle consisted of not one but hundreds of battles, ranging from hours to days in duration, and forcing both sides into constant innovation and nightmarish second-guessing, trying desperately to gain the advantage of every encounter. Any changes to the events of this series of battles, and the outcome of the war-as well as the future of Europe and the world-would have been dramatically different. Jonathan Dimbleby's The Battle of the Atlantic offers a detailed and immersive account of this campaign, placing it within the context of the war as a whole. Dimbleby delves into the politics on both sides of the Atlantic, revealing the role of Bletchley Park and the complex and dynamic relationship between America and England. He uses contemporary diaries and letters from leaders and sailors to chilling effect, evoking the lives and experiences of those who fought the longest battle of World War Two. This is the definitive account of the Battle of the Atlantic.
Download or read book To Die Gallantly written by Timothy J Runyan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: German U-boats, known as "iron coffins", terrorized Allied ships during World War II and were responsible for thousands of deaths. This volume, published to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Battle of the Atlantic, brings together historians from both sides of the ocean to discuss this important campaign. As well as offering new insights into both familiar and more neglected aspects, the book reflects the human dimension of the conflict, paying tribute to the whole spectrum of personnel involved - planners and strategists, spies and code-breakers, naval officers and crews, merchant sailors, and civilians.
Download or read book History of United States Naval Operations in World War II written by Samuel Eliot Morison and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the defense of our own shores and ships. It describes the gradual emergence of the Navy from the neutrality patrol and Western Hemisphere defense through the full-fledged war with Germany and Italy.
Download or read book Decision in the Atlantic written by Marcus Faulkner and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2019-05-17 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest campaign of the Second World War. This volume highlights the scale and complexity of this bitterly contested campaign, one that encompassed far more than just attacks by German U-boats on Allied shipping. The team of leading scholars assembled in this study situates the German assault on seaborne trade within the wider Allied war effort and provides a new understanding of its place within the Second World War. Individual chapters offer original perspectives on a range of neglected or previously overlooked subjects: how Allied grand strategy shaped the war at sea; the choices facing Churchill and other Allied leaders and the tensions over the allocation of scarce resources between theaters; how the battle spread beyond the Atlantic Ocean in both military and economic terms; the management of Britain's merchant shipping repair yards; the defense of British coastal waters against German surface raiders; the contribution of air power to trade defense; antisubmarine escort training; the role of special intelligence; and the war against the U-boats in the Arctic and Pacific Oceans.
Download or read book The Battle of the Atlantic written by Barrie Pitt and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operation Sea Lion A Joint Critical Analysis written by Lt Col Randy McCanne and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military history contains many lessons from which the warfighting doctrine of the individual services, as well as joint doctrine, is derived. World War II stands as one of the major contributors of valuable lessons learned. From a joint and combined warfighting perspective, Germany’s planning and preparatory military actions to the invasion of Great Britain after the fall of France are instructive. Their plan, called Operation SEA LION by the Germans, was never carried out, as certain prerequisite conditions were never achieved, and Hitler elected to move on to other operations. But Germany could have been successful in invading and, if necessary, occupying Great Britain had they exercised joint and combined operations to achieve better unity of effort within the German military, remained focused on key British operational centers of gravity, and exploited the capabilities of friendly nations such as Spain, Italy, and the Vichy government of France.
Download or read book Battle of the Atlantic World War II written by Hourly History and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Battle of the Atlantic - World War IIImagine a battlefield of three thousand square miles, with an enemy that was often invisible when it struck. Imagine a convoy of ships carrying vital supplies from North America to Great Britain, at the mercy of the deadly marauders under the water, waiting to attack them. The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest campaign of World War II, took place upon the Atlantic Ocean as the Allies traveled back and forth from North America to Great Britain with desperately needed oil, provisions, weapons, and supplies for the embattled forces fighting against Nazi Germany. The U-boats, the terror of the undersea, made those convoy journeys particularly precarious, especially after Germany's Admiral Karl Dönitz developed his dreaded wolf pack strategy. Inside you will read about...✓ The Threat of the German U-Boats ✓ Battleships and the Bismarck ✓ The Lend-Lease Program ✓ The Downfall of the U-boats ✓ The Codebreakers who Cracked the Enigma Code And much more! From the start of the war in September 1939 until its end in 1945, the Battle of the Atlantic was fought to keep the Germans from blockading the Atlantic Ocean. The efforts of those valiant seafarers would eventually make D-Day possible, but there were times when even Winston Churchill feared that the prowess of the U-boats would imperil the Allies in their battle against the Nazi menace that had conquered Western Europe. The bravery of the Allied naval crews, and the brilliance of the Bletchley Park codebreakers, prevented the Atlantic Ocean from becoming yet another victim of Nazi dominance.
Download or read book To Die Gallantly written by Timothy J Runyan and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1994-06-13 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Battle of the Atlantic was the single most important campaign of the war. Allied success in Europe depended on massive movements of ships, men and materiel across the Atlantic from the Americas. In spite of an unprecedented Allied shipbuilding effort, German U-boats were causing severe damage to this vital supply line. In order to defeat Nazi Germany, the Allies had to eliminate the deadly U-boat threat. In this volume commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the campaign, historians from both sides of the ocean offer new insights into Germany's Atlantic offensive and the Allied victory over it.
Download or read book Operation Alacrity written by Norman Herz and published by Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To win the war against German U-boats, the Allies had to protect their convoys in the vast black hole of the mid-Atlantic known as the Azores Gap. In 1943 they devised a plan to set up air bases on the Azores Islands, owned by neutral Portugal. It was essential for the operation to remain secret because the Allies had to get there before the Germans, who had their own plan to build bases. Author Norman Herz took part in the Allied operation as a corporal with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' 928th Engineer Aviation Regiment. At the time he was given little information about the operation and told never to talk about what he did. After the war, Operation Alacrity remained mostly unknown, kept secret, Herz suggests, so the U.S. government would not be embarrassed--they had claimed they would not invade the Portuguese territory. In researching the book, Herz found not a word of the operation mentioned in any official U.S. history of World War II but a treasure trove of declassified memos and others documents from the files of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Combined U.S. U.K. Chiefs of Staff and in state department files. The story is filled with diplomatic intrigue and double-dealing, including secret meetings between Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill and Churchill's use of a 1373 treaty with Portugal to justly landing in the Azores. The story also involves all of the Allied engineering branches, from U.S. Navy Seabees to RAF Sappers. The success of their operation is undeniable. U-boats stopped patrolling the Azores Gap and not a single Allied troopship was lost again in the area. Today the base is an important link to American and NATO defense worldwide.
Download or read book The Battle of the Atlantic written by Terry Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE FIRST COMPLETE, THOROUGHLY DOCUMENTED ACCOUNT OF THE PIVOTAL CAMPAIGN OF WORLD WAR II--THE GERMAN ATTEMPT TO SEVER ALLIED SUPPLY LINES IN THE ATLANTIC.
