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Book Open Source Identity Management Patterns and Practices Using OpenAM 10 x

Download or read book Open Source Identity Management Patterns and Practices Using OpenAM 10 x written by Waylon Kenning and published by Packt Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation OpenAM is a web-based open source application that provides authentication, authorization, entitlement and federation services. OpenAM provides core identity services to simplify the implementation of transparent single sign-on (SSO) as a security component in a network infrastructure. It also provides the foundation for integrating diverse web applications that might typically operate against a disparate set of identity repositories and that are hosted on a variety of platforms such as web application servers. Open Source Identity Management Patterns and Practices Using OpenAM 10.x is a condensed, practical guide on installing OpenAM to protect your web applications. This book will teach you how to integrate to different identity sources such as Active Directory or Facebook using two-factor authentications. Open Source Identity Management Patterns and Practices Using OpenAM 10.x looks at Identity Management and how to implement it using OpenAM 10.x. It specifically focuses on providing authentication to your web application using either a local identity source or a cloud-based identity source, so you dont have to worry about authentication in your application. You will learn how to install OpenAM, and then how to install policy agents against your web and application servers to do authentication. In addition, well focus on integrating to applications directly using SAML, either through the use of a small preconfigured application, or through a third-party SAML library. Finally, well focus on integrating to cloud identity providers using OAuth 2.0 and utilizing two-factor authentication. If you want a scalable robust identity management infrastructure, Open Source Identity Management Principles and Patterns Using OpenAM 10.x will get you up and running in the least amount of time possible.

Book Mastering OAuth 2 0

    Book Details:
  • Author : Charles Bihis
  • Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd
  • Release : 2015-12-15
  • ISBN : 1784392308
  • Pages : 238 pages

Download or read book Mastering OAuth 2 0 written by Charles Bihis and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2015-12-15 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Create powerful applications to interact with popular service providers such as Facebook, Google, Twitter, and more by leveraging the OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework About This Book Learn how to use the OAuth 2.0 protocol to interact with the world's most popular service providers, such as Facebook, Google, Instagram, Slack, Box, and more Master the finer details of this complex protocol to maximize the potential of your application while maintaining the utmost of security Step through the construction of a real-world working application that logs you in with your Facebook account to create a compelling infographic about the most important person in the world—you! Who This Book Is For If you are an application developer, software architect, security engineer, or even a casual programmer looking to leverage the power of OAuth, Mastering OAuth 2.0 is for you. Covering basic topics such as registering your application and choosing an appropriate workflow, to advanced topics such as security considerations and extensions to the specification, this book has something for everyone. A basic knowledge of programming and OAuth is recommended. What You Will Learn Discover the power and prevalence of OAuth 2.0 and use it to improve your application's capabilities Step through the process of creating a real-world application that interacts with Facebook using OAuth 2.0 Examine the various workflows described by the specification, looking at what they are and when to use them Learn about the many security considerations involved with creating an application that interacts with other service providers Develop your debugging skills with dedicated pages for tooling and troubleshooting Build your own rich, powerful applications by leveraging world-class technologies from companies around the world In Detail OAuth 2.0 is a powerful authentication and authorization framework that has been adopted as a standard in the technical community. Proper use of this protocol will enable your application to interact with the world's most popular service providers, allowing you to leverage their world-class technologies in your own application. Want to log your user in to your application with their Facebook account? Want to display an interactive Google Map in your application? How about posting an update to your user's LinkedIn feed? This is all achievable through the power of OAuth. With a focus on practicality and security, this book takes a detailed and hands-on approach to explaining the protocol, highlighting important pieces of information along the way. At the beginning, you will learn what OAuth is, how it works at a high level, and the steps involved in creating an application. After obtaining an overview of OAuth, you will move on to the second part of the book where you will learn the need for and importance of registering your application and types of supported workflows. You will discover more about the access token, how you can use it with your application, and how to refresh it after expiration. By the end of the book, you will know how to make your application architecture robust. You will explore the security considerations and effective methods to debug your applications using appropriate tools. You will also have a look at special considerations to integrate with OAuth service providers via native mobile applications. In addition, you will also come across support resources for OAuth and credentials grant. Style and approach With a focus on practicality and security, Mastering OAuth 2.0 takes a top-down approach at exploring the protocol. Discussed first at a high level, examining the importance and overall structure of the protocol, the book then dives into each subject, adding more depth as we proceed. This all culminates in an example application that will be built, step by step, using the valuable and practical knowledge you have gained.

Book Identity Management Design Guide with IBM Tivoli Identity Manager

Download or read book Identity Management Design Guide with IBM Tivoli Identity Manager written by Axel Buecker and published by IBM Redbooks. This book was released on 2009-11-06 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identity management is the concept of providing a unifying interface to manage all aspects related to individuals and their interactions with the business. It is the process that enables business initiatives by efficiently managing the user life cycle (including identity/resource provisioning for people (users)), and by integrating it into the required business processes. Identity management encompasses all the data and processes related to the representation of an individual involved in electronic transactions. This IBM® Redbooks® publication provides an approach for designing an identity management solution with IBM Tivoli® Identity Manager Version 5.1. Starting from the high-level, organizational viewpoint, we show how to define user registration and maintenance processes using the self-registration and self-care interfaces as well as the delegated administration capabilities. Using the integrated workflow, we automate the submission/approval processes for identity management requests, and with the automated user provisioning, we take workflow output and automatically implement the administrative requests on the environment with no administrative intervention. This book is a valuable resource for security administrators and architects who wish to understand and implement a centralized identity management and security infrastructure.

Book Deploying Identity and Access Management with Free Open Source Software

Download or read book Deploying Identity and Access Management with Free Open Source Software written by Michael Schwartz and published by Apress. This book was released on 2018-06-02 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to leverage existing free open source software to build an identity and access management (IAM) platform that can serve your organization for the long term. With the emergence of open standards and open source software, it’s now easier than ever to build and operate your own IAM stack The most common culprit of the largest hacks has been bad personal identification. In terms of bang for your buck, effective access control is the best investment you can make: financially, it’s more valuable to prevent than to detect a security breach. That’s why Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a critical component of an organization’s security infrastructure. In the past, IAM software has been available only from large enterprise software vendors. Commercial IAM offerings are bundled as “suites” because IAM is not just one component: It’s a number of components working together, including web, authentication, authorization, and cryptographic and persistence services. Deploying Identity and Access Management with Free Open Source Software documents a recipe to take advantage of open standards to build an enterprise-class IAM service using free open source software. This recipe can be adapted to meet the needs of both small and large organizations. While not a comprehensive guide for every application, this book provides the key concepts and patterns to help administrators and developers leverage a central security infrastructure. Cloud IAM service providers would have you believe that managing an IAM is too hard. Anything unfamiliar is hard, but with the right road map, it can be mastered. You may find SaaS identity solutions too rigid or too expensive. Or perhaps you don’t like the idea of a third party holding the credentials of your users—the keys to your kingdom. Open source IAM provides an alternative. Take control of your IAM infrastructure if digital services are key to your organization’s success. What You’ll Learn Why to deploy a centralized authentication and policy management infrastructure Use: SAML for single sign-on, OpenID Connect for web and mobile single sign-on, and OAuth2 for API Access Management Synchronize data from existing identity repositories such as Active Directory Deploy two-factor authentication services Who This Book Is For Security architects (CISO, CSO), system engineers/administrators, and software developers

Book Securing DevOps

    Book Details:
  • Author : Julien Vehent
  • Publisher : Simon and Schuster
  • Release : 2018-08-20
  • ISBN : 1638355991
  • Pages : 642 pages

Download or read book Securing DevOps written by Julien Vehent and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary Securing DevOps explores how the techniques of DevOps and security should be applied together to make cloud services safer. This introductory book reviews the latest practices used in securing web applications and their infrastructure and teaches you techniques to integrate security directly into your product. You'll also learn the core concepts of DevOps, such as continuous integration, continuous delivery, and infrastructure as a service. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology An application running in the cloud can benefit from incredible efficiencies, but they come with unique security threats too. A DevOps team's highest priority is understanding those risks and hardening the system against them. About the Book Securing DevOps teaches you the essential techniques to secure your cloud services. Using compelling case studies, it shows you how to build security into automated testing, continuous delivery, and other core DevOps processes. This experience-rich book is filled with mission-critical strategies to protect web applications against attacks, deter fraud attempts, and make your services safer when operating at scale. You'll also learn to identify, assess, and secure the unique vulnerabilities posed by cloud deployments and automation tools commonly used in modern infrastructures. What's inside An approach to continuous security Implementing test-driven security in DevOps Security techniques for cloud services Watching for fraud and responding to incidents Security testing and risk assessment About the Reader Readers should be comfortable with Linux and standard DevOps practices like CI, CD, and unit testing. About the Author Julien Vehent is a security architect and DevOps advocate. He leads the Firefox Operations Security team at Mozilla, and is responsible for the security of Firefox's high-traffic cloud services and public websites. Table of Contents Securing DevOps PART 1 - Case study: applying layers of security to a simple DevOps pipeline Building a barebones DevOps pipeline Security layer 1: protecting web applications Security layer 2: protecting cloud infrastructures Security layer 3: securing communications Security layer 4: securing the delivery pipeline PART 2 - Watching for anomalies and protecting services against attacks Collecting and storing logs Analyzing logs for fraud and attacks Detecting intrusions The Caribbean breach: a case study in incident response PART 3 - Maturing DevOps security Assessing risks Testing security Continuous security

Book Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures

Download or read book Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures written by Zaigham Mahmood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important text provides a single point of reference for state-of-the-art cloud computing design and implementation techniques. The book examines cloud computing from the perspective of enterprise architecture, asking the question; how do we realize new business potential with our existing enterprises? Topics and features: with a Foreword by Thomas Erl; contains contributions from an international selection of preeminent experts; presents the state-of-the-art in enterprise architecture approaches with respect to cloud computing models, frameworks, technologies, and applications; discusses potential research directions, and technologies to facilitate the realization of emerging business models through enterprise architecture approaches; provides relevant theoretical frameworks, and the latest empirical research findings.

Book Challenges in Cybersecurity and Privacy   the European Research Landscape

Download or read book Challenges in Cybersecurity and Privacy the European Research Landscape written by Jorge Bernal Bernabe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cybersecurity and Privacy issues are becoming an important barrier for a trusted and dependable global digital society development. Cyber-criminals are continuously shifting their cyber-attacks specially against cyber-physical systems and IoT, since they present additional vulnerabilities due to their constrained capabilities, their unattended nature and the usage of potential untrustworthiness components. Likewise, identity-theft, fraud, personal data leakages, and other related cyber-crimes are continuously evolving, causing important damages and privacy problems for European citizens in both virtual and physical scenarios. In this context, new holistic approaches, methodologies, techniques and tools are needed to cope with those issues, and mitigate cyberattacks, by employing novel cyber-situational awareness frameworks, risk analysis and modeling, threat intelligent systems, cyber-threat information sharing methods, advanced big-data analysis techniques as well as exploiting the benefits from latest technologies such as SDN/NFV and Cloud systems. In addition, novel privacy-preserving techniques, and crypto-privacy mechanisms, identity and eID management systems, trust services, and recommendations are needed to protect citizens’ privacy while keeping usability levels. The European Commission is addressing the challenge through different means, including the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program, thereby financing innovative projects that can cope with the increasing cyberthreat landscape. This book introduces several cybersecurity and privacy research challenges and how they are being addressed in the scope of 15 European research projects. Each chapter is dedicated to a different funded European Research project, which aims to cope with digital security and privacy aspects, risks, threats and cybersecurity issues from a different perspective. Each chapter includes the project’s overviews and objectives, the particular challenges they are covering, research achievements on security and privacy, as well as the techniques, outcomes, and evaluations accomplished in the scope of the EU project. The book is the result of a collaborative effort among relative ongoing European Research projects in the field of privacy and security as well as related cybersecurity fields, and it is intended to explain how these projects meet the main cybersecurity and privacy challenges faced in Europe. Namely, the EU projects analyzed in the book are: ANASTACIA, SAINT, YAKSHA, FORTIKA, CYBECO, SISSDEN, CIPSEC, CS-AWARE. RED-Alert, Truessec.eu. ARIES, LIGHTest, CREDENTIAL, FutureTrust, LEPS. Challenges in Cybersecurity and Privacy - the European Research Landscape is ideal for personnel in computer/communication industries as well as academic staff and master/research students in computer science and communications networks interested in learning about cyber-security and privacy aspects.

Book Digital Identity Management

Download or read book Digital Identity Management written by Maryline Laurent and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past four decades, information technology has altered chains of value production, distribution, and information access at a significant rate. These changes, although they have shaken up numerous economic models, have so far not radically challenged the bases of our society. This book addresses our current progress and viewpoints on digital identity management in different fields (social networks, cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT), with input from experts in computer science, law, economics and sociology. Within this multidisciplinary and scientific context, having crossed analysis on the digital ID issue, it describes the different technical and legal approaches to protect digital identities with a focus on authentication systems, identity federation techniques and privacy preservation solutions. The limitations of these solutions and research issues in this field are also discussed to further understand the changes that are taking place. Offers a state of the discussions and work places on the management of digital identities in various contexts, such as social networking, cloud computing and the Internet of Things Describes the advanced technical and legal measures to protect digital identities Contains a strong emphasis of authentication techniques, identity federation tools and technical protection of privacy

Book Securing Cisco IP Telephony Networks

Download or read book Securing Cisco IP Telephony Networks written by Akhil Behl and published by Cisco Press. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 1154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The real-world guide to securing Cisco-based IP telephony applications, devices, and networks Cisco IP telephony leverages converged networks to dramatically reduce TCO and improve ROI. However, its critical importance to business communications and deep integration with enterprise IP networks make it susceptible to attacks that legacy telecom systems did not face. Now, there’s a comprehensive guide to securing the IP telephony components that ride atop data network infrastructures–and thereby providing IP telephony services that are safer, more resilient, more stable, and more scalable. Securing Cisco IP Telephony Networks provides comprehensive, up-to-date details for securing Cisco IP telephony equipment, underlying infrastructure, and telephony applications. Drawing on ten years of experience, senior network consultant Akhil Behl offers a complete security framework for use in any Cisco IP telephony environment. You’ll find best practices and detailed configuration examples for securing Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM), Cisco Unity/Unity Connection, Cisco Unified Presence, Cisco Voice Gateways, Cisco IP Telephony Endpoints, and many other Cisco IP Telephony applications. The book showcases easy-to-follow Cisco IP Telephony applications and network security-centric examples in every chapter. This guide is invaluable to every technical professional and IT decision-maker concerned with securing Cisco IP telephony networks, including network engineers, administrators, architects, managers, security analysts, IT directors, and consultants. Recognize vulnerabilities caused by IP network integration, as well as VoIP’s unique security requirements Discover how hackers target IP telephony networks and proactively protect against each facet of their attacks Implement a flexible, proven methodology for end-to-end Cisco IP Telephony security Use a layered (defense-in-depth) approach that builds on underlying network security design Secure CUCM, Cisco Unity/Unity Connection, CUPS, CUCM Express, and Cisco Unity Express platforms against internal and external threats Establish physical security, Layer 2 and Layer 3 security, and Cisco ASA-based perimeter security Complete coverage of Cisco IP Telephony encryption and authentication fundamentals Configure Cisco IOS Voice Gateways to help prevent toll fraud and deter attacks Secure Cisco Voice Gatekeepers and Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE) against rogue endpoints and other attack vectors Secure Cisco IP telephony endpoints–Cisco Unified IP Phones (wired, wireless, and soft phone) from malicious insiders and external threats This IP communications book is part of the Cisco Press® Networking Technology Series. IP communications titles from Cisco Press help networking professionals understand voice and IP telephony technologies, plan and design converged networks, and implement network solutions for increased productivity.

Book Liferay Portal Performance Best Practices

Download or read book Liferay Portal Performance Best Practices written by Samir Bhatt and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A step-by-step tutorial on implementing Liferay- based portals to learn performance best practices.The book is good for Liferay portal developers and architects who want to learn performance best practices for implementing Liferay- based solutions. It is assumed that you have a working knowledge of the Liferay portal.

Book NGINX Cookbook

    Book Details:
  • Author : Derek DeJonghe
  • Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
  • Release : 2020-10-28
  • ISBN : 1492078433
  • Pages : 188 pages

Download or read book NGINX Cookbook written by Derek DeJonghe and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NGINX is one of the most widely used web servers available today, in part because of its capabilities as a load balancer and reverse proxy server for HTTP and other network protocols. This cookbook provides easy-to-follow examples to real-world problems in application delivery. The practical recipes will help you set up and use either the open source or commercial offering to solve problems in various use cases. For professionals who understand modern web architectures, such as n-tier or microservice designs, and common web protocols including TCP and HTTP, these recipes provide proven solutions for security, software load balancing, and monitoring and maintaining NGINX’s application delivery platform. You’ll also explore advanced features of both NGINX and NGINX Plus, the free and licensed versions of this server. You’ll find recipes for: High-performance load balancing with HTTP, TCP, and UDP Securing access through encrypted traffic, secure links, HTTP authentication subrequests, and more Deploying NGINX to Google Cloud, AWS, and Azure cloud computing services Setting up and configuring NGINX Controller Installing and configuring the NGINX Plus App Protect module Enabling WAF through Controller ADC

Book API Security in Action

    Book Details:
  • Author : Neil Madden
  • Publisher : Simon and Schuster
  • Release : 2020-11-20
  • ISBN : 1638356645
  • Pages : 574 pages

Download or read book API Security in Action written by Neil Madden and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A comprehensive guide to designing and implementing secure services. A must-read book for all API practitioners who manage security." - Gilberto Taccari, Penta API Security in Action teaches you how to create secure APIs for any situation. By following this hands-on guide you’ll build a social network API while mastering techniques for flexible multi-user security, cloud key management, and lightweight cryptography. A web API is an efficient way to communicate with an application or service. However, this convenience opens your systems to new security risks. API Security in Action gives you the skills to build strong, safe APIs you can confidently expose to the world. Inside, you’ll learn to construct secure and scalable REST APIs, deliver machine-to-machine interaction in a microservices architecture, and provide protection in resource-constrained IoT (Internet of Things) environments. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the technology APIs control data sharing in every service, server, data store, and web client. Modern data-centric designs—including microservices and cloud-native applications—demand a comprehensive, multi-layered approach to security for both private and public-facing APIs. About the book API Security in Action teaches you how to create secure APIs for any situation. By following this hands-on guide you’ll build a social network API while mastering techniques for flexible multi-user security, cloud key management, and lightweight cryptography. When you’re done, you’ll be able to create APIs that stand up to complex threat models and hostile environments. What's inside Authentication Authorization Audit logging Rate limiting Encryption About the reader For developers with experience building RESTful APIs. Examples are in Java. About the author Neil Madden has in-depth knowledge of applied cryptography, application security, and current API security technologies. He holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science. Table of Contents PART 1 - FOUNDATIONS 1 What is API security? 2 Secure API development 3 Securing the Natter API PART 2 - TOKEN-BASED AUTHENTICATION 4 Session cookie authentication 5 Modern token-based authentication 6 Self-contained tokens and JWTs PART 3 - AUTHORIZATION 7 OAuth2 and OpenID Connect 8 Identity-based access control 9 Capability-based security and macaroons PART 4 - MICROSERVICE APIs IN KUBERNETES 10 Microservice APIs in Kubernetes 11 Securing service-to-service APIs PART 5 - APIs FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS 12 Securing IoT communications 13 Securing IoT APIs

Book PHP 8 Objects  Patterns  and Practice

Download or read book PHP 8 Objects Patterns and Practice written by Matt Zandstra and published by Apress. This book was released on 2021-05-29 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to develop elegant and rock-solid systems using PHP, aided by three key elements: object fundamentals, design principles, and best practices. The 6th edition of this popular book has been fully updated for PHP 8, including attributes, constructor property promotion, new argument and return pseudo-types, and more. It also covers many features new since the last edition including typed properties, the null coalescing operator, and void return types. This book provides a solid grounding in PHP's support for objects, it builds on this foundation to instill core principles of software design and then covers the tools and practices needed to develop, test, and deploy robust code. PHP 8 Objects, Patterns, and Practice begins by covering PHP's object-oriented features. It introduces key topics including class declarations, inheritance, and reflection. The next section is devoted to design patterns. It explains the principles that make patterns powerful. You’ll cover many of the classic design patterns including enterprise and database patterns. The last segment of the book covers the tools and practices that can help turn great code into a successful project. The section shows how to manage multiple developers and releases with git, and how to manage builds and dependencies with Composer. It also explores strategies for automated testing and continuous integration. After reading and using this book, you will have mastered object-oriented enhancements, design patterns, and the essential development tools available for PHP 8. What You Will Learn Work with object fundamentals: write classes and methods, instantiate objects, and create powerful class hierarchies using inheritance Master advanced object-oriented features, including static methods and properties, managing error conditions with exceptions, and creating abstract classes and interfaces Understand and use design principles to deploy objects and classes effectively in your projects Discover a set of powerful patterns that you can implement in your own projects Guarantee a successful project including unit testing; version control and build, installation, and package management; and continuous integration Who This Book Is For Anyone with at least a basic knowledge of PHP who wants to use its object-oriented features in their projects. It is also for PHP coders who want to learn about the practices and tools (version control, testing, continuous integration, etc) that can make projects safe, elegant and stable.

Book A Woman Rice Planter

Download or read book A Woman Rice Planter written by Elizabeth Waties Allston Pringle and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Freedom of Information Act Guide

Download or read book Freedom of Information Act Guide written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 1154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Illinois Medicine

Download or read book Illinois Medicine written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Persons and Minds

    Book Details:
  • Author : Joseph Margolis
  • Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
  • Release : 2012-12-06
  • ISBN : 9400998015
  • Pages : 316 pages

Download or read book Persons and Minds written by Joseph Margolis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persons and Minds is an inquiry into the possibilities of materialism. Professor Margolis starts his investigation, however, with a critique of the range of contemporary materialist theories, and does not find them viable. None of them, he argues, "can accommodate in a convincing way the most distinctive features of the mental life of men and oflower creatures and the imaginative possibilities of discovery and technology" (p. 8). In an extraordinarily rich analysis, Margolis carefully considers and criticizes mind-body identity theories, physicalism, eliminative materialism, behaviorism, as inadequate precisely in that they are reductive. He argues, then, for ramified concepts of emergence, and embodiment which will sustain a philosophically coherent account both of the distinctive non-natural character of persons and of their being naturally embodied. But Margolis provokes us to ask, what is an em bodied mind? The crucial context for him is not the plain physical body as such, but culture. "Persons", he writes, "are in a sense not natural entities: they exist only in cultural contexts and are identifiable as such only by refer ence to their mastery of language and of whatever further abilities presuppose such mastery" (p. 245). The hallmark of persons, in Margolis's account, is their capacity for freedom, as well as their physical endowment. Thus he writes, " . . . their characteristic powers - in effect, their freedom - must inform the order of purely physical causes in a distinctive way" (p. 246).