Download or read book Open Regionalism and Trade Liberalization written by Ross Garnaut and published by Institute of Southeast Asian. This book was released on 1996 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open Regionalism is regional economic co-operation without discrimination against countries outside the region. The concept grew from the experience of rapid growth, and expanding trade and investment across national borders, in East Asia and the Pacific. It became the guiding idea of Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation. It is now recognized as being the means through which the growing appeal of regional trading arrangements can be reconciled with a flourishing global trade system within the framework of the new World Trade Organization.
Download or read book Regionalism in Trade Policy written by Arvind Panagariya and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade diversion and the creation of complicated and discriminatory tariff regimes with increased tariffs for non-member countries - the consequences of PTAs - are likely to undermine the multilateral trading system."--Jacket.
Download or read book Open Regionalism in a World of Continental Trade Blocs written by Mr.Jeffrey A. Frankel and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-02-01 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continental trade blocs are emerging in many parts of the world almost in tandem. If trade blocs are required to satisfy the McMillan criterion of not lowering trade volume with outside countries, they have to engage in a dramatic reduction of trade barriers against non-member countries. That may not be politically feasible. On the other hand, in a world of simultaneous continental trade blocs, an open regionalism in which trade blocs undertake relatively modest external liberalization can usually produce Pareto improvement.
Download or read book Open Regionalism written by C. Fred Bergsten and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Open Regionalism in the Pacific written by Sven W. Arndt and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regional Trade Agreements Versus Broad Liberalization written by Mr.Athanasios Vamvakidis and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-03-01 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should a closed economy open its trade to all countries or limit itself to participation in regional trade agreements (RTAs)? Based on time-series evidence for a data set for 1950-92, this paper estimates and compares the growth performance of countries that liberalized broadly and those that joined an RTA. The comparisons show that economies grew faster after broad liberalization, both in the short and long run, but slower after participation in an RTA. Economies also had higher investment shares after broad liberalization, but lower ones after joining an RTA. The policy implications support broad liberalization.
Download or read book Open Regionalism in Latin America and the Caribbean written by United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and published by Santiago, Chile : United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. This book was released on 1994 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An attempt to answer some general and specific questions regarding regional integration, such as: Why should integration be encouraged? What kind of integration should be encouraged? Which mechanisms and instruments are most suitable for integrating economies at this point? How do the new integration plans differ from those of the 1960s and 1970s? The answers to these and other questions 'are based on the core premise that recent integration efforts have generally involved the interaction of two types of phenomena:' trade liberalization and deregulation policies introduced at the national level; and explicit agreements or policies which entail certain preferences with respect to the treatment accorded other nations"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57
Download or read book Open Regionalism written by Frank Holmes and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Liberalization in the Western Hemisphere written by Inter-American Development Bank and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Open Regionalism in Asia Pacific and Latin America written by Mikio Kuwayama and published by Santiago, Chile : United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, International Trade and Development Finance Division, International Trade Unit. This book was released on 1999 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both in the Asia Pacific region and in Latin America, considerable confusion surrounds the concept of 'open regionalism' and casts doubt on its relevance for practical purposes. This study surveys the literature on the subject.
Download or read book APEC Trade Liberalisation written by Wai Heng Loke and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book South American Free Trade Area or Free Trade Area of the Americas written by Mario Esteban Carranza and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2000: This work examines the hemispheric diplomacy after the Summits of the America in Miami (December 1994) and Santiago (April 1998), focusing on the strengthening of the South American position in the FTAA negotiations and the Brazilian proposal for a South American Free Trade Area (SAFTA). The book also looks at the implications of the preceding analysis for regional integration theory and international relations theory. The conclusion looks beyond "open regionalism" and considers three scenarios for US-South American relations after the Santiago Summit. First reassertion of US hegemony and signing of an FTAA agreement on schedule, second, erosion of US hegemony but continuing negotiations between North and South America for a "distant" FTAA, and finally, breakdown of the FTAA negotations and emergence of SAFTA as an alternative to the FTAA.
Download or read book Trade Regionalism in the Asia Pacific written by Sanchita Basu Das and published by ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asia has witnessed a proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) since the turn of the millennium. The first regional agreement — the ASEAN FTA — was transformed into the ASEAN Economic Community at the end of 2015. In the meantime, ASEAN forged five ASEAN+1 FTAs and began to negotiate a sixteen-member Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement. In parallel, the U.S.-led Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), supporting U.S. foreign policy of “Pivot to Asia”, was broadly agreed in October 2015. The RCEP and the TPP are accompanied by other mega-regional integration processes developing elsewhere in the world, including the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership for the European Union and the United States, and the Pacific Alliance among four Latin American member states. Meanwhile, APEC is also striving to meet its Bogor Goal targets and create a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific. Each of these mega-regionals aims to achieve greater trade and investment liberalization and facilitation and more harmonized trade and investment rules so that all member economies can participate in the global value chain of production. Instead of undermining, these regional exercises can be building blocks for a more liberal global trading system supported by the World Trade Organization. This book ruminates on these regional agreements, their economic and strategic rationales and challenges during negotiations and afterwards. The book brings together eminent scholars and experts to deepen our understanding of the complex nature of the mega-regional trade agreements and their implications. It is useful both for the academic and research community and for policymakers who focus on trade and economic cooperation issues.
Download or read book Cooperation Or Rivalry written by Shoji Nishijima and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-28 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines two opposing interpretations of NAFTAs potential expansion into a Western Hemisphere Free Trade Association (WHFTA)one fearing the creation of a deliberately exclusionary Fortress America, the other welcoming the prospect of substantial economic opportunities for Asia and the countries of the Pacific Rim. Contributors evaluate the commercial, financial, cultural, and political linkages between the Americas and the Pacific Rim, assessing the magnitude of interests that might be affected by NAFTA or FTAA. }Authorities and experts in Japan and other Asian countries have expressed considerable fear that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) will create a Fortress America that will deliberately exclude nations of the Pacific Rim. Others argue that economic integration will provide substantial opportunity for Asia/Pacific countries and thus contribute to the dynamism of the Pacific Century ahead. This book explores the varying interpretations and looks at their implications for countries of the Pacific Rim. Might NAFTA provoke the formation of an economic bloc in the Asia/Pacific area? Or will economic liberalization occur on a global and multilateral scale? What are the political dimensions of these possible options and processes? Examining the interconnections such policy alternatives may have for both the Pacific Rim and Latin America, the contributors evaluate the commercial, financial, cultural, and political linkages between the regions to assess the magnitude of interests that might be affected by NAFTA or FTAA. Assessing the range of policy options available to countries involved, they seek to make an original contribution to the debate about the formation and structure of the post Cold War world order
Download or read book Achieving the APEC Vision written by Eminent Persons Group (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (Organization)) and published by Alexandra Point, Singapore : Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. This book was released on 1994 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Open Regionalism written by Peter Drysdale and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Asian Free Trade Agreements And Wto Compatibility Goods Services Trade Facilitation And Economic Cooperation written by Shintaro Hamanaka and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-01-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is an appropriate time to rethink the relationship between trade regionalism and multilateralism in the Asian context as we witness the proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) in Asia. In the 1980s and 1990s, many scholars and policymakers believed that Asian integration was market-based, rather than legal-based, and that Asian integration would never be codified through agreements. Yet today, there are a large number of FTAs signed and under negotiation in Asia.This book investigates the appropriate relationship between regionalism and multilateralism, with a special reference to recent FTAs in Asia. It is undeniable that past trade multilateralism-regionalism debates centered on the trade-in-goods aspect. However, the majority of recent FTAs in Asia cover issues beyond trade-in-goods and tariff liberalization, such as trade facilitation, services, and economic cooperation. While the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Article XXIV governs regional integration initiatives in trade in goods, there is no (or at most a thin) World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement that stipulates the relationship between regionalism and multilateralism in issue areas other than goods.Thus, this study carefully considers the meaning of “WTO-compatible FTAs” by distinguishing “WTO consistency” and “WTO friendliness”, going beyond GATT Article XXIV debates and proposes a general framework for examining the openness of regionalism in various issue areas by identifying tree-type questions to distinguish several types of exclusiveness. It then specifically asks the following questions: Can Asian FTAs that cover several issues be considered multilateralism friendly? How does the relationship between regionalism and multilateralism differ between trade-in-goods and non-goods issue areas? What are policies that might reduce the exclusiveness of regional initiatives? The study concludes by listing counterintuitive policy suggestions to make FTAs truly WTO compatible. The book also includes a comprehensive list of FTAs in Asia and several WTO Agreements relating to trade regionalism.
