Download or read book Open Issues in Core Collapse Supernova Theory written by Anthony Mezzacappa and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts to uncover the explosion mechanism of core collapse supernovae and to understand all of their associated phenomena have been ongoing for nearly four decades. Despite this, our theoretical understanding of these cosmic events remains limited; two- and three-dimensional modeling of these events is in its infancy. Most of the modeling efforts over the past four decades have, by necessity, been constrained to spherical symmetry, with the first two-dimensional, albeit simplified, models appearing only during the last decade. Simulations to understand the complex interplay between the turbulent stellar core fluid flow, its magnetic fields, the neutrinos produced in and emanating from the proto-neutron star, the stellar core rotation, and the strong gravitational fields have yet to be performed. Only subsets of these fundamental ingredients have been included in the models thus far, often with approximation. The purpose of this volume is to identify the outstanding issues that remain in order to come to a complete understanding of these important astrophysical events. As the book focuses on open issues rather than the current state of the art in the field OCo although the latter will certainly be discussed OCo it will remain relevant for some time."

Download or read book Open Issues in Core Collapse Supernova Theory written by Anthony Mezzacappa and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts to uncover the explosion mechanism of core collapse supernovae and to understand all of their associated phenomena have been ongoing for nearly four decades. Despite this, our theoretical understanding of these cosmic events remains limited; two- and three-dimensional modeling of these events is in its infancy. Most of the modeling efforts over the past four decades have, by necessity, been constrained to spherical symmetry, with the first two-dimensional, albeit simplified, models appearing only during the last decade. Simulations to understand the complex interplay between the turbulent stellar core fluid flow, its magnetic fields, the neutrinos produced in and emanating from the proto-neutron star, the stellar core rotation, and the strong gravitational fields have yet to be performed. Only subsets of these fundamental ingredients have been included in the models thus far, often with approximation.The purpose of this volume is to identify the outstanding issues that remain in order to come to a complete understanding of these important astrophysical events. As the book focuses on open issues rather than the current state of the art in the field ? although the latter will certainly be discussed ? it will remain relevant for some time.

Download or read book Topics in Core collapse Supernova Theory written by Evan Patrick O'Connor and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Convection in Astrophysics IAU S239 written by International Astronomical Union. Symposium and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-07 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Convection is ubiquitous throughout the Universe, and during the last three decades it has become the largest factor of uncertainty in theoretical models of stars and in the interpretation of observations on the basis of such models. Recently, numerical simulations of convection have dramatically improved in their potential to take into account both the large scale properties of the flow itself and the microphysical properties of the fluid. Observations have become accurate enough to provide stringent tests for both numerical simulations and models of convection. IAU S239 was held to further understanding of convection, bringing together leading researchers in solar and stellar physics, the physics of planets, and of accretion disks. With reviews, research contributions, and detailed recordings of plenary discussions, this book is a valuable resource for professional astronomers and graduate students interested in the interdisciplinary study of one of the key physical processes in astrophysics.

Download or read book Topics in the Theory of Core collapse Supernovae PHD written by Todd A. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stellar Collapse written by Chris L. Fryer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-04-30 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supernovae, hypernovae and gamma-ray bursts are among the most energetic explosions in the universe. The light from these outbursts is, for a brief time, comparable to billions of stars and can outshine the host galaxy within which the explosions reside. Most of the heavy elements in the universe are formed within these energetic explosions. Surprisingly enough, the collapse of massive stars is the primary source of not just one, but all three of these explosions. As all of these explosions arise from stellar collapse, to understand one requires an understanding of the others. Stellar Collapse marks the first book to combine discussions of all three phenomena, focusing on the similarities and differences between them. Designed for graduate students and scientists newly entering this field, this book provides a review not only of these explosions, but the detailed physical models used to explain them from the numerical techniques used to model neutrino transport and gamma-ray transport to the detailed nuclear physics behind the evolution of the collapse to the observations that have led to these three classes of explosions.

Download or read book Computational Methods in Transport written by Frank Graziani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-17 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thereexistawiderangeofapplicationswhereasigni?cantfractionofthe- mentum and energy present in a physical problem is carried by the transport of particles. Depending on the speci?capplication, the particles involved may be photons, neutrons, neutrinos, or charged particles. Regardless of which phenomena is being described, at the heart of each application is the fact that a Boltzmann like transport equation has to be solved. The complexity, and hence expense, involved in solving the transport problem can be understood by realizing that the general solution to the 3D Boltzmann transport equation is in fact really seven dimensional: 3 spatial coordinates, 2 angles, 1 time, and 1 for speed or energy. Low-order appro- mations to the transport equation are frequently used due in part to physical justi?cation but many in cases, simply because a solution to the full tra- port problem is too computationally expensive. An example is the di?usion equation, which e?ectively drops the two angles in phase space by assuming that a linear representation in angle is adequate. Another approximation is the grey approximation, which drops the energy variable by averaging over it. If the grey approximation is applied to the di?usion equation, the expense of solving what amounts to the simplest possible description of transport is roughly equal to the cost of implicit computational ?uid dynamics. It is clear therefore, that for those application areas needing some form of transport, fast, accurate and robust transport algorithms can lead to an increase in overall code performance and a decrease in time to solution.

Download or read book Rare Isotopes And Fundamental Symmetries Proceedings Of The Fourth Argonne int msu jina Frib Theory Workshop written by B Alex Brown and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009-01-05 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents contributions from the Workshop on Rare Isotopes and Fundamental Symmetries, which was held on September 19-22, 2007, at the Institute for Nuclear Theory at the University of Washington. The book is the fourth in a series dedicated to exploring the science important to the proposed Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The topics covered by the contributions include Fermi beta decay, electron-neutrino correlations in nuclear beta decay: precision mass measurements, atomic parity violation, electric dipole moments, and hadronic parity violation and anapole moments.These topics highlight the recent work on the use of nuclei to understand the fundamental symmetries of nature. It presents current results as well as proposals for future experiments.

Download or read book Opportunities With Exotic Beams Proceedings Of The Third Anl msu jina int Ria Workshop written by Thomas Duguet and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007-03-06 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores, explains, and supports the case for an advanced exotic beam facility from a theoretical perspective. The US nuclear physics community and the US Department of Energy are committed to building such a facility. The topics covered constitute a survey of present activities in nuclear theory that will set the challenges for an advanced exotic-beam facility and provide the starting point for interpreting experiments that will be conducted there. The research programs described are all at the forefront of nuclear theory, and they include research on the detailed structures of the lightest nuclei, systematic descriptions of all observed nuclei, nuclear tests of fundamental symmetries of nature, the explosion mechanisms of supernovae, and astrophysical synthesis of the heavy elements, as well as several other topics.

Download or read book Oxygen in the Solar System written by Glenn J. MacPherson and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 68 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry reviews Oxygen in the Solar System, an element that is so critically important in so many ways to planetary science. The book is based on three open workshops: Oxygen in the Terrestrial Planets, held in Santa Fe, NM July 20-23, 2004; Oxygen in Asteroids and Meteorites, held in Flagstaff, AZ June 2-3, 2005; and Oxygen in Earliest Solar System Materials and Processes (and including the outer planets and comets), held in Gatlinburg, TN September 19-22, 2005. As a consequence of the cross-cutting approach, the final book spans a wide range of fields relating to oxygen, from the stellar nucleosynthesis of oxygen, to its occurrence in the interstellar medium, to the oxidation and isotopic record preserved in 4.56 Ga grains formed at the Solar System's birth, to its abundance and speciation in planets large and small, to its role in the petrologic and physical evolution of the terrestrial planets. Contents: Introduction Oxygen isotopes in the early Solar System - A historical perspective Abundance, notation, and fractionation of light stable isotopes Nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution of oxygen Oxygen in the interstellar medium Oxygen in the Sun Redox conditions in the solar nebula: observational, experimental, and theoretical constraints Oxygen isotopes of chondritic components Mass-independent oxygen isotope variation in the solar nebula Oxygen and other volatiles in the giant planets and their satellites Oxygen in comets and interplanetary dust particles Oxygen and asteroids Oxygen isotopes in asteroidal materials Oxygen isotopic composition and chemical correlations in meteorites and the terrestrial planets Record of low-temperature alteration in asteroids The oxygen cycle of the terrestrial planets: insights into the processing and history of oxygen in surface environments Redox conditions on small bodies, the Moon and Mars Terrestrial oxygen isotope variations and their implications for planetary lithospheres Basalts as probes of planetary interior redox state Rheological consequences of redox state

Download or read book Computational Methods in Transport Verification and Validation written by Frank Graziani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-09 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this book deals with a cross cutting issue affecting all transport disciplines, whether it be photon, neutron, charged particle or neutrino transport. That is, verification and validation. In this book, we learn what the astrophysicist, atmospheric scientist, mathematician or nuclear engineer do to assess the accuracy of their code. What convergence studies, what error analysis, what problems do each field use to ascertain the accuracy of their transport simulations.

Download or read book A Kinetic Theory Based Numerical Study of Core Collapse Supernova Dynamics written by Terrance T. Strother and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Explosion Mechanism of Core Collapse Supernovae written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The explosion of core-collapse supernova depends on a sequence of events taking place in less than a second in a region of a few hundred kilometers at the center of a supergiant star, after the stellar core approaches the Chandrasekhar mass and collapses into a proto-neutron star, and before a shock wave is launched across the stellar envelope. Theoretical efforts to understand stellar death focus on the mechanism which transforms the collapse into an explosion. Progress in understanding this mechanism is reviewed with particular attention to its asymmetric character. We highlight a series of successful studies connecting observations of supernova remnants and pulsars properties to the theory of core-collapse using numerical simulations. The encouraging results from first principles models in axisymmetric simulations is tempered by new puzzles in 3D. The diversity of explosion paths and the dependence on the pre-collapse stellar structure is stressed, as well as the need to gain a better understanding of hydrodynamical and MHD instabilities such as SASI and neutrino-driven convection. The shallow water analogy of shock dynamics is presented as a comparative system where buoyancy effects are absent. This dynamical system can be studied numerically and also experimentally with a water fountain. Lastly, we analyse the potential of this complementary research tool for supernova theory. We also review its potential for public outreach in science museums.

Download or read book Supernova Explosions written by David Branch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-02 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Targeting advanced students of astronomy and physics, as well as astronomers and physicists contemplating research on supernovae or related fields, David Branch and J. Craig Wheeler offer a modern account of the nature, causes and consequences of supernovae, as well as of issues that remain to be resolved. Owing especially to (1) the appearance of supernova 1987A in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud, (2) the spectacularly successful use of supernovae as distance indicators for cosmology, (3) the association of some supernovae with the enigmatic cosmic gamma-ray bursts, and (4) the discovery of a class of superluminous supernovae, the pace of supernova research has been increasing sharply. This monograph serves as a broad survey of modern supernova research and a guide to the current literature. The book’s emphasis is on the explosive phases of supernovae. Part 1 is devoted to a survey of the kinds of observations that inform us about supernovae, some basic interpretations of such data, and an overview of the evolution of stars that brings them to an explosive endpoint. Part 2 goes into more detail on core-collapse and superluminous events: which kinds of stars produce them, and how do they do it? Part 3 is concerned with the stellar progenitors and explosion mechanisms of thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae. Part 4 is about consequences of supernovae and some applications to astrophysics and cosmology. References are provided in sufficient number to help the reader enter the literature.

Download or read book Interpreting Gravitational Waves and Developing Relativistic Multiphysics Solvers for Core collapse Supernova Simulations written by Michael Anton Pajkos and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) mark the endpoint for millions of years of massive stellar evolution. After a successful explosion, supernovae increase the metallicity of the interstellar medium, generate intense electromagnetic radiation ionizing their surroundings, generate compact objects such as black holes or neutron stars, and create ripples in spacetime-gravitational waves (GWs). Advances in supernova theory over the past few decades have furthered our understanding of CCSNe. However, constraints on the physics enshrouded in the supernova center would further illuminate their explosion mechanisms. Advances in high performance computing (HPC) resources and the ever-increasing sensitivities of GW observatories have positioned the field of astrophysics between two recent technological advances. The work presented here leverages HPC to perform CCSN simulations, allowing astronomers to translate between GW signals and internal physics. Using this insight, astronomers are better positioned to constrain the physics driving these explosive events that have such a widespread influence throughout astronomy.Investigating the evolution of 12-, 20-, 40-, and 60 M[ancient] progenitors, I perform axisymmetric neutrino radiation-hydrodynamic CCSN simulations, to relate the convective activity behind the supernova shock to the expected GW strength. I quantify how the rotational content of the supernova lowers GW frequencies. I present a novel method that combines two features of a single GW event to constrain the mass distribution within the stellar progenitor. By only requiring the two most detectable parts of the GW signal, astronomers can also potentially predict the explosion properties 8́ơdays before shock breakout. I present work with my undergraduate research assistant, that considers the impact of viewing angle on detecting GWs from CCSNe. Presented is a novel analysis method to identify the distribution of GW emission over all angles, accompanied with results showing that the preferred direction of GW emission for CCSNe migrates over time.Lastly, I present new numerical solvers targeted at exascale computing platforms that account for magnetized fluid evolution with velocities near the speed of light and in extreme spacetimes. These solvers are accompanied with stringent baseline tests, paired with 1D and 2D supernova simulations making use of these features.

Download or read book Supernovae Neutron Star Physics and Nucleosynthesis written by Debades Bandyopadhyay and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-28 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the interdisciplinary areas of nuclear physics, supernovae and neutron star physics. It addresses the physics and astrophysics of the spectacular supernova explosions, starting with the collapse of massive stars and ending with the birth of neutron stars or black holes. Recent progress in the understanding of core collapse supernova (CCSN) and observational aspects of future detections of neutrinos from CCSN explosions are discussed. The other main focus in this text is the novel phases of dense nuclear matter, its compositions and equation of state (EoS) from low to very high baryon density relevant to supernovae and neutron stars. The multi-messenger astrophysics of binary neutron star merger GW170817 and its relation to EoS through tidal deformability are also presented in detail. The synthesis of elements heavier than iron in the supernova and neutron star environment by the rapid (r)-process are treated here with special emphasis on the nucleosynthesis in the ejected material from GW170817. This monograph is written for graduate students and researchers in the field of nuclear astrophysics.

Download or read book Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies written by S. Kubono and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2006-07-19 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tokyo, Japan, 8-11 November 2005