Download or read book On the Use of Transparent Formula to Allocate Federal Education Transfers written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Use of Transparent Formulae to Allocate Federal Education Transfers written by Gladys Lopez-Acevedo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the key questions that arise in discussions of education decentralization is how federal education resources should be allocated among the various states, and within states, among communities or schools. In general, there are two approaches: (1) bilateral negotiations between the federal government and states with little transparency as to the rules, and (2) formula-based distribution. Paqueo, Lopez-Acevedo, and Parandekar show that, based on econometric analysis on federal education transfers data in Mexico, the former approach can lead to allocation results that appear contrary to stated policy objectives like equity improvement and greater social inclusion in education.The authors then argue that contrary to common belief, the use of capitation or per student allocation can improve not only efficiency but also equity. They present a theoretical model to analyze this hypothesis. The authors discuss several variations of the capitation formula, and present an analysis of the characteristics of the winners and losers of their application, using Mexico as an illustration.This paper - a joint product of the Social Protection Sector Unit, the Poverty Sector Unit, and the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to improve social spending.
Download or read book On the Use of Transparent Formulae to Allocate Federal Education Transfers written by Gladys Lopez Acevedo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in Improving Education Outcomes written by Samer Al-Samarrai and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of the world’s children live in countries where local governments are responsible for the provision of basic education services. Although subnational governments manage their own education systems, they often rely on transfers from the central government for funding. The main purpose of this study is to assess how these fiscal transfers affect public funding for education and how they ultimately affect student schooling and learning outcomes. Through a careful analysis of how fiscal transfers have affected education systems in different contexts, the investigation develops a set of principles to support improvements in the design and implementation of transfer systems with a specific focus on the provision of education services. The study is centered on seven country case studies that aim to answer a set of common research questions using a similar approach. Country case studies were conducted in Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Sudan, and Uganda. The analysis shows that fiscal transfer mechanisms can improve the adequacy of public education spending, reduce spending inequalities between regions, and improve spending efficiency. Moreover, the study highlights that carefully designed and implemented transfer systems can help raise overall education outcomes and reduce education inequality. This publication was funded by a grant from the Results in Education for All Children (REACH) trust fund at the World Bank. REACH is supported by the government of Germany through theFederal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, the government of Norway through NORAD, and the government of the United States of America through the U.S. Agency for International Development.
Download or read book Statistical Issues in Allocating Funds by Formula written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-01-24 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, the federal government distributed over $260 billion of funding to state and local governments via 180 formula programs. These programs promote a wide spectrum of economic and social objectives, such as improving educational outcomes and increasing accessibility to medical care, and many are designed to compensate for differences in fiscal capacity that affect governments' abilities to address identified needs. Large amounts of state revenues are also distributed through formula allocation programs to counties, cities, and other jurisdictions. Statistical Issues in Allocating Funds by Formula identifies key issues concerning the design and use of these formulas and advances recommendations for improving the process. In addition to the more narrow issues relating to formula design and input data, the book discusses broader issues created by the interaction of the political process and the use of formulas to allocate funds. Statistical Issues in Allocating Funds by Formula is only up-to-date guide for policymakers who design fund allocation programs. Congress members who are crafting legislation for these programs and federal employees who are in charge of distributing the funds will find this book indispensable.
Download or read book Statistical Issues in Allocating Funds by Formula written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-24 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, the federal government distributed over $260 billion of funding to state and local governments via 180 formula programs. These programs promote a wide spectrum of economic and social objectives, such as improving educational outcomes and increasing accessibility to medical care, and many are designed to compensate for differences in fiscal capacity that affect governments' abilities to address identified needs. Large amounts of state revenues are also distributed through formula allocation programs to counties, cities, and other jurisdictions. Statistical Issues in Allocating Funds by Formula identifies key issues concerning the design and use of these formulas and advances recommendations for improving the process. In addition to the more narrow issues relating to formula design and input data, the book discusses broader issues created by the interaction of the political process and the use of formulas to allocate funds. Statistical Issues in Allocating Funds by Formula is only up-to-date guide for policymakers who design fund allocation programs. Congress members who are crafting legislation for these programs and federal employees who are in charge of distributing the funds will find this book indispensable.
Download or read book Education finance in Egypt written by F. Henry Healey and published by RTI Press. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Egypt, currently in the throes of major political change, will likely undergo various reforms in the next few years. Some reforms are likely to give local entities, including schools, greater control over education finances. In 2007, the Government of Egypt began to decentralize some non-personnel recurrent finances from the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance (MOF) to lower-level jurisdictions using a number of simple and transparent enrollment- and poverty-based funding formulas. By 2010, a sizable amount of capital expenditure was also being transferred to lower levels of the system via similar equity-based funding formulas. Prior to these formula-based decentralization efforts, a large amount of education-related non-personnel recurrent finances had been moving from the MOF to the muderiyat. Analysis of these latter allocations reveals that they are highly inequitable on an inter-governorate per-student basis, ranging from EGP 966 per student in New Valley to EGP 25 per student in 6th of October. This paper examines the nature and potential causes of this inequity and puts forth a way in which these funds could also be transferred using an equity-based funding formula that “holds harmless” those muderiyat that would lose absolute amounts of money under a more equitable distribution scheme.
Download or read book Macro Policy Lessons for a Sound Design of Fiscal Decentralization written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-07-27 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal decentralization has been, and remains high on the policy agenda of many countries. It is mainly driven by political pressures, which tend to be especially evident in countries with multiple ethnicities, and/or wide regional disparities in incomes or resource endowments. More generally, decentralization pressures frequently reflect a desire for more participatory government and greater voice of local constituents in the allocation of budgetary resources. Regardless of its motivation, fiscal decentralization can have important macroeconomic implications. Therefore, Fund advice to member countries (whether in the context of surveillance, program design, or technical assistance) has often focused on the design and implementation of intergovernmental fiscal arrangements. This paper distills the main lessons from the Fund’s engagement with member countries in this area, drawing in particular, (but not exclusively) on technical assistance (TA) provided by the Fiscal Affairs Department (FAD) to ten countries which are broadly representative of the range of members that have requested assistance in this area.
Download or read book Achieving World Class Education in Brazil written by Barbara Bruns and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-11-03 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 15 years, Brazil has introduced a consistent program of reforms of its education system, progressively aligning the educational attainment of its labor force with that of other middle income countries and introducing advanced student assessment and monitoring systems.
Download or read book OECD Territorial Reviews Ukraine 2013 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review addresses the territorial dimension of a range of policy challenges in the Ukraine, including governance, innovation, urban development and rural policy.
Download or read book Subnational Budgeting in Russia written by Lev M. Freinkman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Not only are Russia's regions economically diverse, but the policies that regional governments have adopted to deal with the strains of economic transition also vary widely. Some regions have generally embraced market reforms, while others have sought to preserve enclaves of socialism, with price restrictions, large subsidies, and barriers to trade." Reforms of Russia's budgetary system at the subnational level are vital to preserve macroeconomic stability, improve the efficiency and accountability of government, and enhance incentives for local and regional governments to vigorously support economic growth. Previous analytical and reform efforts have focused on possible changes at the federal level and in the system of center-region relations. An opportunity now exists to make progress by providing reform advice and conditional aid to policymakers at the regional and subregional level. This report focuses on opportunities for reform at the subnational level. It reviews recent trends in fiscal adjustment, budgeting, and government debt at the regional and local levels in Russia. It analyzes major problems and suggests a number of measures and performance indicators that could form part of a reform strategy initiated by the Government of Russia.
Download or read book Charter School Expansion Act of 1997 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys Mexico 2013 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-05-16 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OECD's Economic Survey of Mexico for 2013 examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects and includes a special chapter covering improving fiscal federal relations.
Download or read book The Reform of Fiscal Systems in Developing and Emerging Market Economies written by Robin Boadway and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A framework for allocating taxing and spending responsibilities to various levels of government and for designing fiscal transfers to foster decentralized decisionmaking while preserving or even enhancing equity and efficiency goals.
Download or read book Part 19 Title I Funds Allocation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mexico written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-09-16 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses the Observance of Standards and Codes on Fiscal Transparency Module for Mexico. In recent years, Mexico has made considerable progress in improving transparency in public finances. Major initiatives include reform of the budget process; preparation of an integrated financial management information system; phase-in of a system of human resource management; overhaul of public procurement; streamlining of government regulations; strengthening of internal control and external audit; introduction of prudential criteria for state development banks; and reduction of discretionality in intergovernmental relations.
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Regionalism Federalism written by John Loughlin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost all states are either federal or regionalized in some sense. It is difficult to find a state that is entirely unitary and the Routledge Handbook of Regionalism and Federalism necessarily takes in almost the entire world. Both federalism and regionalism have been subjects of a vast academic literature mainly from political science but sometimes also from history, economics, and geography. This cutting edge examination seeks to evaluate the two types of state organization from the perspective of political science producing a work that is analytical rather than simply descriptive. The Handbook presents some of the latest theoretical reflections on regionalism and federalism and then moves on to discuss cases of both regionalism and federalism in key countries chosen from the world’s macro-regions. Assembling this wide range of case studies allows the book to present a general picture of current trends in territorial governance. The final chapters then examine failed federations such as Czechoslovakia and examples of transnational regionalism - the EU, NAFTA and the African Union. Covering evolving forms of federalism and regionalism in all parts of the world and featuring a comprehensive range of case studies by leading international scholars this work will be an essential reference source for all students and scholars of international politics, comparative politics and international relations.
