Download or read book On the Deformation of Human Skin for Mechanical Counter Pressure Space Suit Development written by Edward William Obropta (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploration of planetary bodies requires space suits that do not inhibit astronaut mobility. Gas pressurized suits are typically bulky and stiff to operate or require unnatural human motion. Development of mechanical counter pressure (MCP) space suits can change the current space suit design paradigm. The primary goal of this thesis is to develop methodology to quantify strain and deformation of human skin to inform how to make a MCP space suit, or second skin, that maximizes mobility and minimizes human energy expenditure. Specific emphasis was placed on joint mobility, therefore, the Lines of Non-Extension (LoNE) was investigated in detail throughout the deformation of the human elbow joint. This goal was driven by three research objectives: develop a system to measure human skin deformation and strain, develop a rigorous method to compute LoNE, and examine the variation of skin strain between multiple subjects. The contributions of this thesis are the development of a multi-camera system to measure skin deformation at 1 mm2, a streamline approach for calculating LoNE, strain data at the elbow joint and a methodology moving forward to measure more sections of the human body. The results from the six subjects showed that skin deformation can be similar in magnitude between subjects of varying anthropometrics, but the principal strain directions and LoNE maps can vary. The elbow data was flattened to 2D and normalized by anthropometrics to allow comparisons between subjects. This skin deformation data informs material selection, material placement, and suit patterning. This data is relevant to any compression garment or device that interacts with human skin.
Download or read book The Second Skin Approach written by Kristen Ann Bethke and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) However, the nylon lines of non-extension prototype shows promise as an advanced locomotion spacesuit design concept. During pressurization to leg surface pressure of 7.5 kPa (56 mmHg, 1.1 psi), the prototype preserves easy mobility to 90 degrees of knee joint flexion. Recommendations are made for improving its pressure production performance to the desired 30 kPa (222 mmHg, 4.3 psi) level.
Download or read book Compression Textiles for Medical Sports and Allied Applications written by Nimesh Kankariya and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textile-based compression therapy is used in a range of applications, such as for athlete and sport recovery, enhanced proprioception, compression spacesuits, and in the management of chronic diseases. This book provides an overview of compression devices and products, testing methods to measure the properties of materials used in compression devices, and design considerations based on dynamic body measurements. It also includes a model for predicting pressure and details the challenges in applying compression for various applications. Chapters in this book: Discuss the science behind compression therapy Delve into the materials used in compression devices and products and assesses their performance based on their properties and structure Cover theoretical modeling to predict the pressure exerted by compression devices on the human body Consider compression textile design based on dynamic body measurements This book is aimed at professionals and researchers in textile engineering, materials engineering, biotechnology, and the development of textile-based compression devices and products, and at such medical practitioners as phlebologists.
Download or read book Design of Soft Knee Exoskeleton and Modeling Effects of Variable Stiffness for Advanced Space Suits and Planetary Exploration written by Allison Paige Porter and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existing gas-pressurized space suit designs aim to provide astronauts with a wide range of joint motion while minimizing joint torque during extra-vehicular activity (EVA). However, current space suits have stiff joints with limited range, which impede performance. Future designs should consider that some joint torque can be beneficial in storing elastic energy for locomotion in reduced gravity planetary EVAs. Though current gas-pressurized space suits restrict astronaut movement, they are capable of partially supporting their own mass and storing elastic energy in the lower body, allowing metabolic cost reduction during locomotion in reduced gravity, such as on Mars or the moon. The BioSuit[superscript TM] developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), is an advanced, skin-tight compression garment concept, which exerts mechanical counterpressure (MCP) directly on the astronaut’s skin with the benefits of increasing range of motion and performance while also reducing mass when compared to gas-pressurized space suits. A BioSuit[superscript TM] soft knee exoskeleton with tunable knee stiffness was developed to minimize metabolic expenditure during locomotion in partial gravity and maximize mobility. Musculoskeletal modeling simulated predicted soft knee exoskeleton stiffness at the knee during walking in Earth and Lunar gravity. This thesis summarizes the design and development of prototype actuation in a soft exoskeleton in collaboration with the D-Air Lab (Vicenza, Italy) that applies variable knee stiffness. Soft knee exoskeleton design criteria, fabrication techniques, and simulated impacts on joint kinematics and metabolic cost are discussed. The soft knee exoskeleton was shown to exert tunable knee stiffness via airbags. Prototypes were developed to minimize partial gravity locomotion metabolic cost and space suit inflexibility. An OpenSim software pipeline was shown to be capable of torsional spring stiffness modeling at the knee analogous with predicted soft knee exoskeleton stiffness. Integration of 1G and 0.17G walking data enabled comparison of energetics trends between exoskeleton conditions within each gravity level. The results of this thesis demonstrate the ability to integrate a soft knee exoskeleton into the BioSuit[superscript TM] to improve space suit design and enable longer, safer, and more complex EVAs in partial gravity.
Download or read book The development of a novel technique in measuring human skin deformation in vivo to determine its mechanical properties written by Jamaluddin Mahmud and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Computer Interaction INTERACT 2015 written by Julio Abascal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four-volume set LNCS 9296-9299 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th IFIP TC13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, INTERACT 2015, held in Bamberg, Germany, in September 2015. The 74 full and short papers and 4 organizational overviews, 2 panels, 6 tutorials, and 11 workshops included in the fourth volume are organized in topical sections on tangible and tactile interaction; tools for design; touch and haptic; user and task modelling; visualization; visualization 3D; visualization in virtual spaces; wearable computing; demonstrations; and interactive posters.
Download or read book Columbia Crew Survival Investigation Report written by Nasa and published by PDQ Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NASA commissioned the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) to conduct a thorough review of both the technical and the organizational causes of the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia and her crew on February 1, 2003. The accident investigation that followed determined that a large piece of insulating foam from Columbia's external tank (ET) had come off during ascent and struck the leading edge of the left wing, causing critical damage. The damage was undetected during the mission. The Columbia accident was not survivable. After the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) investigation regarding the cause of the accident was completed, further consideration produced the question of whether there were lessons to be learned about how to improve crew survival in the future. This investigation was performed with the belief that a comprehensive, respectful investigation could provide knowledge that can protect future crews in the worldwide community of human space flight. Additionally, in the course of the investigation, several areas of research were identified that could improve our understanding of both nominal space flight and future spacecraft accidents. This report is the first comprehensive, publicly available accident investigation report addressing crew survival for a human spacecraft mishap, and it provides key information for future crew survival investigations. The results of this investigation are intended to add meaning to the sacrifice of the crew's lives by making space flight safer for all future generations.
Download or read book Dressing for Altitude written by Dennis R. Jenkins and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2012-08-27 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Since its earliest days, flight has been about pushing the limits of technology and, in many cases, pushing the limits of human endurance. The human body can be the limiting factor in the design of aircraft and spacecraft. Humans cannot survive unaided at high altitudes. There have been a number of books written on the subject of spacesuits, but the literature on the high-altitude pressure suits is lacking. This volume provides a high-level summary of the technological development and operational use of partial- and full-pressure suits, from the earliest models to the current high altitude, full-pressure suits used for modern aviation, as well as those that were used for launch and entry on the Space Shuttle. The goal of this work is to provide a resource on the technology for suits designed to keep humans alive at the edge of space."--NTRS Web site.
Download or read book Interactive Aerospace Engineering and Design written by Dava J. Newman and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 2002 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text contains an integrated bound-in CD-ROM, and has a strong emphasis on design. Its active visual approach and inclusion of space-orientated engineering make it an interesting examination of the aerospace engineering field.
Download or read book Technical Literature Abstracts written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lunar Sourcebook written by Grant Heiken and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1991-04-26 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only work to date to collect data gathered during the American and Soviet missions in an accessible and complete reference of current scientific and technical information about the Moon.
Download or read book Annual Index abstracts of SAE Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unlimited Horizons written by Peter W. Merlin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed as a stopgap measure to provide overhead reconnaissance capability during the early years of the Cold War, the versatile U-2 has since evolved to meet changing requirements well into the 21st century. Though many authors have documented the airplane's operational history, few have made more than a cursory examination of its technical aspects or its role as a NASA research platform. This volume includes an overview of the origin and development of the Lockheed U-2 family of aircraft with early National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) involvement, construction and materials challenges faced by designers and builders, releasable performance characteristics and capabilities, use of U-2 and ER-2 airplanes as research platforms, and technical and programmatic lessons learned.
Download or read book Portable Life Support Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hardness of Metals written by David Tabor and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-03 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to explain hardness measurements of metals in terms of some of their more basic physical properties. The intention is to provide, for physicists, engineers, and metallurgists, a better understanding of what hardness means and what hardness measurements imply. The author emphasises the physical concepts involved, so that non-mathematical readers can grasp and appreciate the general physical picture without needing to follow the more detailed mathematical treatment.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion written by DP Mishra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book follows a unified approach to present the basic principles of rocket propulsion in concise and lucid form. This textbook comprises of ten chapters ranging from brief introduction and elements of rocket propulsion, aerothermodynamics to solid, liquid and hybrid propellant rocket engines with chapter on electrical propulsion. Worked out examples are also provided at the end of chapter for understanding uncertainty analysis. This book is designed and developed as an introductory text on the fundamental aspects of rocket propulsion for both undergraduate and graduate students. It is also aimed towards practicing engineers in the field of space engineering. This comprehensive guide also provides adequate problems for audience to understand intricate aspects of rocket propulsion enabling them to design and develop rocket engines for peaceful purposes.
Download or read book Popular Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2004-12 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Science gives our readers the information and tools to improve their technology and their world. The core belief that Popular Science and our readers share: The future is going to be better, and science and technology are the driving forces that will help make it better.
