Download or read book OnSite Generation of Sodium Hypochlorite written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conversion to On Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation written by Leonard Casson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the implementation of the USEPA Clean Air Act Risk Management Plan, many water treatment and wastewater treatment utilities have converted to on-site sodium hypochlorite generation. Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation: Water and Wastewater Applications is a comprehensive text and design manual for on-site sodium hypochlorite
Download or read book On Site Generation of Hypochlorite M65 written by American Water Works Association and published by Amer Water Works Assn. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As more water systems turn to safer alternatives to chlorine gas, the generation of hypochlorite on site has become increasingly common. M65, On-Site Generation of Hypochlorite, presents the principles of on-site generation (OSG), the differences between low-strength and high-strength OSG systems, and the subsequent impact each of these systems has on design, construction, and maintenance for water and wastewater utilities. M65 provides operators and engineering staff with a basic understanding of how to design and install both low- and high-strength OSG systems, how they work, and how they compare with other popular forms of chlorine currently on the market. A cost analysis and an examination of how OSG affects disinfection by-product formation are also included. This manual should help operators, planners, management, and engineers improve their decision-making processes about OSG systems using a holistic risk management approach that considers not only triple-bottom-line approaches but also the specific regional situation when choosing a chlorination system.
Download or read book OnSite Sodium Hypochlorite Generation Inactivation of Pseudomonas in Raw Drinking Water written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On site Generation of Sodium Hypochlorite at the West Point Treatment Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing the Use of Hydrogen Gas Produced from On site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation Systems as a Potential Water Treatment Facility Renewable Energy Source written by Jonathan W. Morris and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book White s Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants written by Black & Veatch Corporation and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 1109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This Fifth Edition, with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices. Balancing theory with practice, the Fifth Edition covers such important topics as: Advances in the use of UV and ozone as disinfectants Alternative disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine-related products Advanced oxidation processes for drinking water and wastewater treatment New developments and information for the production and handling of chlorine Latest regulations governing the use of different disinfectants For each disinfectant, the book explains its chemistry, effectiveness, dosing, equipment, and system design requirements. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each disinfectant are clearly set forth. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation. Authored and reviewed by leading experts in the field of water and wastewater treatment, this Fifth Edition remains an ideal reference for utilities, regulators, engineers, and plant operators who need current information on the disinfection of potable water, wastewater, industrial water, and swimming pools.
Download or read book Hypochlorite Generator for Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows written by Ionics, inc and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced electrolytic generator has been developed for on-site production of sodium hypochlorite for disinfection of overflows from combined sewer systems. In this system an electrochemical cell electrolyzes sodium chloride brine to chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide solution, which are reacted immediately outside the cell to produce a 5 to 10% sodium hypochlorite solution. Significant advances in safety and economy have been realized by use of a hydraulically impermeable cation exchange membrane. The most critical components have operated for over 3000 hours with no deterioration of performance. The generator requires 1.6 KWH of electricity and 2.1 pounds of salt per pound of sodium hypochlorite. The operating cost for systems larger than 500 pounds of hypochlorite per day is projected to be 3 to 4 cents per pound of hypochlorite.
Download or read book Electrochlorination written by Conchita Matsunaga and published by . This book was released on 2021-08-11 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochlorination systems use a simple process, combining three common consumables (salt, water, and electricity) to generate sodium hypochlorite for biofouling control as well as for disinfection, bleaching, and deodorizing purposes. Electrochlorination Packages typically range in value from US$100,000 to US$10,000,000 and generally are essential to the timely installation and commissioning of plant and equipment for more than these costs. It is hoped that using raised bespoke technology appreciation, this publication will contribute to the smooth execution of these projects and prove a cost-effective reference work to all concerned.
Download or read book Sodium Hypochlorite Generation for Household Water Disinfection in Haiti written by Nadine Nicole Van Zyl and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sodium Hypochlorite via Chemical Process Cost Analysis Sodium Hypochlorite E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of sodium hypochlorite production from sodium hydroxide and chlorine. The process examined is a typical chemical process. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Bleach, Chlorination, Caustic Soda, NaOH, Solvay Chemicals, Chlor-alkali
Download or read book Chlorate Formation in On site Hypochlorite Generation Facilities written by Lukas Simon Kriem and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drinking water is one of the fundamental pillars of modern society, and it is crucial that pathogen-free drinking water be provided to communities. Currently, one third of all drinking water in the U.S. is being disinfected using hypochlorite and the number is rising. However, use of hypochlorite is facing the issue of a hypochlorite byproduct, chlorate ion, which at high concentrations is considered a health risk to humans. During and after its electrolytic generation process, hypochlorite may go through a disproportionation reaction to form chlorate and chloride, a process which is thermodynamically favored. Even though chlorate in drinking water is not regulated yet, the EPA is in the process of regulating chlorate concentrations in the near future. Therefore, it is important to track current concentrations and put mechanisms in place to efficiently reduce chlorate concentrations in generated hypochlorite solutions as well as in drinking water. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of three different parameters in the generation process: pH, temperature and storage time, and also to assess the influence of pH and temperature adjustments during the generation process. Additionally, this research should provide general guidelines on how to reduce chlorate concentrations in on-site generation processes. In all cases, chlorate was observed to increase with time, but increases were less pronounced when storage temperature was decreased and when storage pH was increased. Effects of adjusting pH and temperature during the generation process were not clearly determined in the experimental work.
Download or read book Hypochlorite Generator for Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows written by Ionics, inc and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sodium Hypochlorite Generation for Household Water Disinfection written by Luca Morganti and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On site Generation of Hypochlorite written by American Water Works Association and published by . This book was released on 2014-10 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As more water systems turn to safer alternatives to chlorine gas, the generation of hypochlorite on site has become increasingly common. M65, On-Site Generation of Hypochlorite, presents the principles of on-site generation (OSG), the differences between low-strength and high-strength OSG systems, and the subsequent impact each of these systems has on design, construction, and maintenance for water and wastewater utilities. M65 provides operators and engineering staff with a basic understanding of how to design and install both low- and high-strength OSG systems, how they work, and how they compare with other popular forms of chlorine currently on the market. A cost analysis and an examination of how OSG affects disinfection by-product formation are also included. This manual should help operators, planners, management, and engineers improve their decision-making processes about OSG systems using a holistic risk management approach that considers not only triple-bottom-line approaches but also the specific regional situation when choosing a chlorination system.
Download or read book Technology Economics Sodium Hypochlorite Chemical Production written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2013-03-27 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sodium hypochlorite is an excellent disinfecting agent employed in water treatment, cleaning and laundry operations. Transport and handling safety concerns have direct public opinion towards the use of sodium hypochlorite rather than chlorine gas in water treatment, which represents a significant market expansion potential. This publication reviews the technical aspects of a industrial bleach production process similar to the Solvay Chemicals. The analysis also includes estimates for both the capital investment and the operating costs of typical plants on the US Gulf Coast and in Brazil. This study follows the same pattern as all Technology Economics studies developed by Intratec. About Technology Economics Technology Economics studies are advisory services ordered by leading chemical companies, which are disclosed to public after an agreeded upon period of time. All Technology Economics studies are based on the same rigorous methodology and well-defined structure, encompassing: Process flow diagrams and material balances Raw material and utility consumptions Major equipment sizing Inside and outside battery limits capital costs Detailed fixed and variable manufacturing expenses
Download or read book Hypochlorite Generation From Sea Water written by Alfredo Mensi Jr and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-26 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical explanation of the process applied to a real plant with P&Is and useful for a training on the plant. The purpose of this book is to show and explain the process of hypochlorination from sea water, a process used in most of industrial plants (mostly in oil and gas plants). The book has P&Is, drawings and schemes to better understand the presence of the hypochlorination system in a big plant. The theoretical explanation is followed by a practical example of a hypochlorination system, an average hypochlorination system that could easily lead the reader to better understand the features of the system in relation with the features of a real oil plant. This book feature can either help the professional and technichan to design a proper system (being also able to proportion the system to the oil plant production, its needs and following a practical example, generally made up only after years of know-how fails and experience) and a guide for those who have to approach these kind of plants for the first time. A second purpose of the book is to be a "training" book for those who are going to work to this kind of plant ( that's why as example has been choosen an "average" system similar to lots of those in-use in countless oil & gas and energy production plants). This "guide" includes also an innovative "manteinance prevision" system made with the composition of "polarization curves" conceived during the last decade by Engineer Alfredo Mensi after years of experience in the industrial engineering field, in the design (not only in the industrial field, but also in the mechanical, electrical and space engineering) and a huge experience in the pre-commissioning, commissioning and start-up of the systems explained in the book.
