Download or read book ON LINE MEASUREMENT OF PRIMARY FINE PARTICULATE MATTER written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The measurement of fine particulate in pulverized coal flames has several applications of importance. These include but are not limited to: (1) The detection of fine particulate in the effluent for pollution control; (2) The detection of soot and fuel burnout in real time within a boiler; and (3) The quantification of soot within coal flame for improved understanding of pulverized coal flame heat transfer and soot modeling. A method has been investigated using two-color extinction along a line of sight within the flame which provides a continuous real-time measurement of the soot concentration. The method uses two inexpensive HeNe lasers and simple light detectors. The results of testing the method on a pilot scale 0.2 MW pulverized coal reactor demonstrate the method is working well in a qualitative sense and an error analysis performed on the uncertainty of the assumed values demonstrates the method to be accurate to within " 30%. Additional experiments designed to quantify the measurement more accurately are ongoing. Measurements at the end of the reactor just prior to the exit showed soot could not be detected until the overall equivalence ratio became greater than 1.0. The detection limit for the method was estimated to be 1 x 10−8 soot volume fraction. Peak soot concentration was found to approach a level of 0.88 x 10−6 at the sootiest condition. The method was used to obtain an axial profile of soot concentration aligned with the down-fired pulverized coal flame for three different flame swirls of 0, 0.5 and 1.5 and an overall equivalence ratio of 1.2. The axial measurements showed the soot concentration to increase initially and level off to a constant maximum value. At 0.5 swirl the soot volume fraction increased more rapidly near the burner and both the 0.5 and 1.5 swirl cases showed that soot had reached a maximum by 0.9 m, but the 0 swirl soot concentration was still increasing. Previous measurements of species and velocity in the reactor suggest that the flame is lifted at zero swirl allowing O2 to be entrained and that the flame protrudes further down the reactor explaining the lower soot values measured. An evaluation of the potential for using this measurement technique on full scale boilers suggests that attenuation of the signal across a larger boiler distance is the largest obstacle. The beam would be expected to become completely attenuated under moderate sooting conditions; however, the longer pathlength would improve the ability of the method to measure very small amounts of soot escaping the main combustion zone.
Download or read book Fine Particle 2 5 microns Emissions written by John D. McKenna and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-17 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has shown that inhaling fine particles is a greater health risk than breathing larger particles. Title is "very timely...needed NOW," according to one reviewer Covers a "controversial" but important topic, for which there is a lack of literature and hence guidance for those professionals affected by it Covers legislative background and gives insight into regulatory and technical matters such as measurement and control of fine particle emissions Combines the practical, theoretical, and regulatory areas of fine particulate monitoring, with "reference to the regulated community" Written by a recognized authority with over 30 years of pollution control experience
Download or read book Global Sources of Local Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.
Download or read book The Handbook of Biomass Combustion and Co firing written by Jaap Koppejan and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique handbook presents both the theory and application of biomass combustion and co-firing, from basic principles to industrial combustion and environmental impact, in a clear and comprehensive manner. It offers a solid grounding on biomass combustion, and advice on improving combustion systems.Written by leading international academics and industrial experts, and prepared under the auspices of the IEA Bioenergy Implementing Agreement, the handbook is an essential resource for anyone interested in biomass combustion and co-firing technologies varying from domestic woodstoves to utility-scale power generation. The book covers subjects including biomass fuel pre-treatment and logistics, modelling the combustion process and ash-related issues, as well as featuring an overview of the current R&D needs regarding biomass combustion.
Download or read book Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter PM and Secondary PM Precursor Gases in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project was one of three collaborating grants funded by DOE/ASP to characterize the fine particulate matter (PM) and secondary PM precursors in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the MILAGRO Campaign. The overall effort of MCMA-2006, one of the four components, focused on i) examination of the primary emissions of fine particles and precursor gases leading to photochemical production of atmospheric oxidants and secondary aerosol particles; ii) measurement and analysis of secondary oxidants and secondary fine PM production, with particular emphasis on secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and iii) evaluation of the photochemical and meteorological processes characteristic of the Mexico City Basin. The collaborative teams pursued the goals through three main tasks: i) analyses of fine PM and secondary PM precursor gaseous species data taken during the MCMA-2002/2003 campaigns and preparation of publications; ii) planning of the MILAGRO Campaign and deployment of the instrument around the MCMA; and iii) analysis of MCMA-2006 data and publication preparation. The measurement phase of the MILAGRO Campaign was successfully completed in March 2006 with excellent participation from the international scientific community and outstanding cooperation from the Mexican government agencies and institutions. The project reported here was led by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Molina Center for Energy and the Environment (MIT/MCE2) team and coordinated with DOE/ASP-funded collaborators at Aerodyne Research Inc., University of Colorado at Boulder and Montana State University. Currently 24 papers documenting the findings from this project have been published. The results from the project have improved significantly our understanding of the meteorological and photochemical processes contributing to the formation of ozone, secondary aerosols and other pollutants. Key findings from the MCMA-2003 include a vastly improved speciated emissions inventory from on-road vehicles: the MCMA motor vehicles produce abundant amounts of primary PM, elemental carbon, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and a wide range of air toxics; the feasibility of using eddy covariance techniques to measure fluxes of volatile organic compounds in an urban core and a valuable tool for validating local emissions inventory; a much better understanding of the sources and atmospheric loadings of volatile organic compounds; the first spectroscopic detection of glyoxal in the atmosphere; a unique analysis of the high fraction of ambient formaldehyde from primary emission sources; characterization of ozone formation and its sensitivity to VOCs and NOx; a much more extensive knowledge of the composition, size distribution and atmospheric mass loadings of both primary and secondary fine PM, including the fact that the rate of MCMA SOA production greatly exceeded that predicted by current atmospheric models; evaluations of significant errors that can arise from standard air quality monitors for O3 and NO2; and the implementation of an innovative Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for inorganic aerosol modeling as a powerful tool to analyze aerosol data and predict gas phase concentrations where these are unavailable. During the MILAGRO Campaign the collaborative team utilized a combination of central fixed sites and a mobile laboratory deployed throughout the MCMA to representative urban and boundary sites to measure trace gases and fine particles. Analysis of the extensive 2006 data sets has confirmed the key findings from MCMA-2002/2003; additionally MCMA-2006 provided more detailed gas and aerosol chemistry and wider regional scale coverage. Key results include an updated 2006 emissions inventory; extension of the flux system to measure fluxes of fine particles; better understanding of the sources and apportionment of aerosols, including contribution from biomass burning and industrial sources; a comprehensive evaluation of metal containing particles in a complex urban environment; identification of a close correlation between the rate of production of SOA and "Odd Oxygen" (O3 + NO3) and primary organic PM with CO in the urban plume; a more sophisticated understanding of the relationship between ozone formation and ozone precursors: while ozone production in the urban area is VOC-limited, the response is mostly NOx-limited in the surrounding mountain. Comparison of the findings from 2003 and 2006 also confirm that the VOC levels have decreased during the three-year period, while NOx levels remain the same. The results from the 2002/2003 and 2006 have been presented at international conferences and communicated to Mexican government officials. In addition, a large number of graduate students and post-doctoral associates were involved in the project. All data sets and publications are available to the scientific community.
Download or read book Reference Method for Source Testing written by Environmental Science and Technology Centre (Canada). Stationary Sources and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers written by Peter H. McMurry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-29 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers: A NARSTO Assessment was commissioned by NARSTO, a cooperative public-private sector organization of Canada, Mexico and the United States. It is a concise and comprehensive discussion of the current understanding by atmospheric scientists of airborne particulate matter (PM). Its goal is to provide policy makers who implement air-quality standards with this relevant and needed scientific information. The primary audience for this volume will be regulators, scientists, and members of industry, all of whom have a stake in effective PM management. It will also inform exposure and health scientists, who investigate causal hypotheses of health impacts, characterize exposure, and conduct epidemiological and toxicological studies.
Download or read book Monitoring for Fine Particulate Matter written by Elisa Eiseman and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particulate matter (PM)-dust, dirt, smoke, soot, and liquid droplets-comes from a variety of sources and is a mixture of many pollutants made up of several different chemical species. Recent evidence about health effects and the fundamental physical and chemical differences between fine and coarse PM prompted the EPA to set new standards. Monitoring to determine whether an area has met these standards requires a comprehensive approach that combines analytical techniques to assess mass and chemical composition with an integrated network of ambient and source PM monitors.
Download or read book The DOE FY 99 Budget Authorization Request H R 1806 to Provide for the Consolidation of the DOE Offices of Fossil Energy Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency S 965 to Amend Title II of the Hydrogen Future Act of 1996 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1050 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere written by John Lin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 200. Trajectory-based (“Lagrangian”) atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling has gained in popularity and sophistication over the previous several decades. It is common practice now for researchers around the world to apply Lagrangian models to a wide spectrum of issues. Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere is a comprehensive volume that includes sections on Lagrangian modeling theory, model applications, and tests against observations. Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series. Comprehensive coverage of trajectory-based atmospheric dispersion modeling Important overview of a widely used modeling tool Sections look at modeling theory, application of models, and tests against observations
Download or read book Controlling Airborne Particles written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Particulate Control Technology and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1980 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. INTRODUCTION. 2. AMBIENT PARTICLES AND THEIR MEASUREMENT. 3. SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES. 4. CONTROL MEASURES. 5. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EMISSIONS AND AIR QUALITY.
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Health Risk V written by C. A. Brebbia and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains proceedings of the 5th International Conference on the Impact of Environmental Factors on Health, held in 2009 at the Wessex Institute of Technology, New Forest, UK.
Download or read book America s Children written by Federal Interagency Forum on Child and F and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report "is a compendium of indicators about our Nation's young people. The report, the 20th produced by the Forum, presents 41 key indicators on important aspects of children's lives. These indicators are drawn from our most reliable Federal statistics, are easily understood by broad audiences, are objectively based on substantial research, are balanced so that no single area of children's lives dominates the report, are measured often to show trends over time, and are representative of large segments of the population rather than one particular group."--P iii
Download or read book N A P C A Abstract Bulletin written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook Of Environment And Waste Management Air And Water Pollution Control written by Yung-tse Hung and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012-02-13 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Environment and Waste Management, Volume 1, Air and Water Pollution Control, is a comprehensive compilation of topics that are at the forefront of many technical advances and practices in air and water pollution control. These include air pollution control, water pollution control, water treatment, wastewater treatment, industrial waste treatment and small scale wastewater treatment.Internationally recognized authorities in the field of environment and waste management contribute chapters in their areas of expertise. This handbook is an essential source of reference for professionals and researchers in the areas of air, water, and waste management, and as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in these fields.
Download or read book Primary Productivity Measurement Marine and Freshwater written by Maxwell Stanford Doty and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
