Download or read book Official Criminal Statistics Positive and Negative Aspects written by Fabian Junge and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-09 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Sociology - Law, Delinquency, Abnormal Behavior, grade: 1,7, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, language: English, abstract: Statistics are one of the basic instruments on which our society relies. They are for instance used to detect trends or to develop theories on specific topics, or in order to get public-relevant information about the current situation in specific countries. Apart from that, also governments use statistics so as to make certain decisions or to develop long-term strategies on particular issues. Everything is at least in a small way affected by statistical data and their subsequent conclusions. In order to support the importance of official statistics, the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany stated in its decision on the census of population that official statistics are an indispensable basis for a welfare state. All this also applies to the official criminal statistics. Governments, for example, use them to improve the performance of their own criminal justice system to achieve a safer environment for their citizens . The public is interested in the data to find out about the crime risks in their neighborhood and how the authorities are dealing with it. Criminal statistics are frequently used by politicians or in the mass media to substantiate an allegation without challenging the data. By doing this, it is assumed that the statistics are infallible and present a full image of the extent of crime This point, however, has to be critically judged, since official statistics seem to be "both partial and subjectively constructed" . In this paper, I will outline the positive and negative aspects of official criminal statistics. Moreover, I will discuss, if they have the ability to represent the full extent of crime or not.
Download or read book Effects of NIBRS on Crime Statistics written by Ramona R. Rantala and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modernizing Crime Statistics Report 2 written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-05-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To derive statistics about crime â€" to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it - a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite. Developing and maintaining such a framework is no easy task, because the mechanics of crime are ever evolving and shifting: tied to shifts and development in technology, society, and legislation. Interest in understanding crime surged in the 1920s, which proved to be a pivotal decade for the collection of nationwide crime statistics. Now established as a permanent agency, the Census Bureau commissioned the drafting of a manual for preparing crime statisticsâ€"intended for use by the police, corrections departments, and courts alike. The new manual sought to solve a perennial problem by suggesting a standard taxonomy of crime. Shortly after the Census Bureau issued its manual, the International Association of Chiefs of Police in convention adopted a resolution to create a Committee on Uniform Crime Records â€"to begin the process of describing what a national system of data on crimes known to the police might look like. Report 1 performed a comprehensive reassessment of what is meant by crime in U.S. crime statistics and recommends a new classification of crime to organize measurement efforts. This second report examines methodological and implementation issues and presents a conceptual blueprint for modernizing crime statistics.
Download or read book Understanding Crime Incidence Statistics written by Albert D. Biderman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prominence achieved by the novel measure of "households touched by crime" when it was introduced into the National Crime Survey (NCS) in 1981 was responsible for renewed attention to comparisons between the crime rates reported by the NCS and the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). The new NCS measure suggested that crime was declining; this at a time of widespread awareness that the UCR Index was at all-time highs. Com parisons of the NCS and UCR in The New York Times (1981) and the Washington Post (1981) had the unfortunate consequence of reviving old and usually ill-informed arguments about which is the "better" measure of "trends in crime. " More recent discrepant changes of the two measures in 1986 and 1987 rekindled the debate, although with somewhat diminished stridency. The efforts of criminological statisticians to develop an appreciation for the two statistical systems as quite different but complementary measures have suffered a setback in these debates, but an opportunity is also afforded to improve the understanding of crime statistics by officials, the media, and the public. The need remains for the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) , the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the research community to explain in quantitative terms the ways in which the two systems attend to different, albeit overlapping, aspects of the crime problem.
Download or read book Reflections on Crime written by James A. Inciardi and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurement Problems in Criminal Justice Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-01-18 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most major crime in this country emanates from two major data sources. The FBI's Uniform Crime Reports has collected information on crimes known to the police and arrests from local and state jurisdictions throughout the country. The National Crime Victimization Survey, a general population survey designed to cover the extent, nature, and consequences of criminal victimization, has been conducted annually since the early1970s. This workshop was designed to consider similarities and differences in the methodological problems encountered by the survey and criminal justice research communities and what might be the best focus for the research community. In addition to comparing and contrasting the methodological issues associated with self-report surveys and official records, the workshop explored methods for obtaining accurate self-reports on sensitive questions about crime events, estimating crime and victimization in rural counties and townships and developing unbiased prevalence and incidence rates for rate events among population subgroups.
Download or read book Analyzing Crime Patterns written by Victor Goldsmith and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2000 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crime control continues to be a growth industry, despite the drop in crime indicators throughout the nation. This volume shows how state-of-the-art geographic information systems (GIS) are revolutionizing urban law enforcement, with an award-winning program in New York City leading the way. Electronic "pin mapping" is used to display the incidence of crime, to stimulate effective strategies and decision making, and to evaluate the impact of recent activity applied to hotspots. The expert information presented by 12 contributors will guide departments without such tools to understand the latest technologies and successfully employ them. Besides describing and assessing cutting-edge techniques of crime mapping, this book emphasizes: * the organizational and intellectual contexts in which spatial analysis of crime takes place, * the technical problems of defining, measuring, interpreting, and predicting spatial concentrations of crime, * the common use of New York City crime data, and * practical applications of what is known (e.g., a review of mapping and analysis software packages using the same data set). Students, academics, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the areas of criminal justice, corrections, geography, social problems, law and government, public administration, and public policy analysis will need to look at the interdisciplinary nature of both GIS and spatial dimensions of crime in order to comprehend the variety of different approaches address important analytic problems, reassess public facilities and resources, and prepare to respond more quickly to emerging hotspots.
Download or read book The Economics of Crime written by Rafael Di Tella and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-08-02 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crime rates in Latin America are among the highest in the world, creating climates of fear and lawlessness in several countries. Despite this situation, there has been a lack of systematic effort to study crime in the region or the effectiveness of policies designed to tackle it. The Economics of Crime is a powerful corrective to this academic blind spot and makes an important contribution to the current debate on causes and solutions by applying lessons learned from recent developments in the economics of crime. The Economics of Crime addresses a variety of topics, including the impact of kidnappings on investment, mandatory arrest laws, education in prisons, and the relationship between poverty and crime. Utilizining research from within and without Latin America, this book illustrates the broad range of approaches that have been efficacious in studying crime in both developing and developed nations. The Economics of Crime is a vital text for researchers, policymakers, and students of both crime and of Latin American economic policy.
Download or read book Modernizing Crime Statistics written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To derive statistics about crime â€" to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it â€" a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite. Developing and maintaining such a framework is no easy task, because the mechanics of crime are ever evolving and shifting: tied to shifts and development in technology, society, and legislation. Interest in understanding crime surged in the 1920s, which proved to be a pivotal decade for the collection of nationwide crime statistics. Now established as a permanent agency, the Census Bureau commissioned the drafting of a manual for preparing crime statisticsâ€"intended for use by the police, corrections departments, and courts alike. The new manual sought to solve a perennial problem by suggesting a standard taxonomy of crime. Shortly after the Census Bureau issued its manual, the International Association of Chiefs of Police in convention adopted a resolution to create a Committee on Uniform Crime Records â€"to begin the process of describing what a national system of data on crimes known to the police might look like. The key distinction between the rigorous classification proposed in this report and the "classifications" that have come before in U.S. crime statistics is that it is intended to partition the entirety of behaviors that could be considered criminal offenses into mutually exclusive categories. Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 1: Defining and Classifying Crime assesses and makes recommendations for the development of a modern set of crime measures in the United States and the best means for obtaining them. This first report develops a new classification of crime by weighing various perspectives on how crime should be defined and organized with the needs and demands of the full array of crime data users and stakeholders.
Download or read book Ethnography for Education written by Christopher Pole and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2003-12-16 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethnography is a distinctive approach for educational research. The authors argue that the last decade has seen ethnography come of age, not only as a way of doing research, but also as a way of theorizing and making sense of the world. Their approach is concerned with ethnography as process and ethnography as product. This critical celebration of ethnography explores what it can achieve in educational research. The book features: Thorough discussion of definitions of ethnography and its potential for use within educational research Critical introductions to the principal approaches to ethnography Discussions of data analysis and representation and of the challenges facing ethnography Use of educational examples from real research projects throughout. The book offers a distinctive contribution to the literature of ethnography, taking readers beyond a simplistic “how to” approach towards an understanding of the wider contribution ethnography can make to our understanding of educational processes. Ethnography for Education is of value to final-year undergraduates and postgraduates in education and social science disciplines as well as education professionals engaged in practice-based research. Christopher Pole is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Sociology, University of Leicester. His research interests are in the areas of the sociology of education, sociology of childhood and the development of qualitative research methods. Recent publications include Practical Social Investigation: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Social Research and Hidden Hands: International Perspectives on Children’s Work and Labour. Marlene Morrison is Reader in Education Leadership and Director of the Doctorate of Education programme at the University of Lincoln. Her academic background is in the sociology of education and includes research on race equality, health education, perspectives on educational policy and practice, and the ethnography of educational settings. She has researched widely in the education that has included school, further and higher education sectors, and other public services.
Download or read book Criminology written by Stephen Eugene Brown and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly acclaimed criminology text presents an up-to-date review of rational choice theories, including deterrence, shaming, and routine activities.
Download or read book Effective Physical Security written by Lawrence J. Fennelly and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-12-29 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective Physical Security, Third Edition is a best-practices compendium that details the essential elements to physical security protection. The book contains completely updated sections that have been carefully selected from the previous Butterworth-Heinemann publication, Handbook of Loss Prevention and Crime Prevention, 4E.Designed for easy reference, the Third Edition contains important coverage of environmental design, security surveys, locks, lighting, CCTV as well as a new chapter covering the latest in physical security design and planning for Homeland Security. The new edition continues to serve as a valuable reference for experienced security practitioners as well as students in undergraduate and graduate security programs. Each chapter has been contributed to by top professionals in the security industry Over 80 figures illustrate key security concepts discussed Numerous appendices, checklists, and glossaries support the easy-to-reference organization Each chapter has been contributed to by top professionals in the security industry Over 80 figures illustrate key security concepts discussed Numerous appendices, checklists, and glossaries support the easy-to-reference organization
Download or read book Perspectives on Crime Reduction written by Tim Hope and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2000: The papers in this volume are concerned with the prevention of crime. Like other books in the International Library, the text is intended primarily for reference by those who need to reflect upon what criminology has had to say about important, contemporary concerns of criminal policy. The papers present a kind of history of ideas which together trace the emergence of some key components of contemporary thinking about reducing crime.
Download or read book More Safety and Security at Sports Grounds written by Jim Chalmers and published by Paragon Publishing. This book was released on 2011-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of articles and commentaries debating the differences between 'safety' and 'security' and looks at aspects of the football hooliganism problem. It also presents case studies of safety and security at different venues and events, as well as critiquing spectator experiences in different world venues.
Download or read book Statistics in Criminology and Criminal Justice written by Jeffery T. Walker and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistics in Criminology and Criminal Justice, Fifth Edition is the ideal text for undergraduate and graduate-level statistics courses in criminal justice, criminology, and sociology programs. It teaches students how to collect, organize and record, analyze, interpret, and apply the statistical information.
Download or read book Statistics for Criminal Justice and Criminology in Practice and Research written by Jack Fitzgerald and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistics for Criminal Justice and Criminology in Practice and Research is an engaging and comprehensive introduction to the study of basic statistics for students pursuing careers as practitioners or researchers in both Criminal Justice and Criminology programs. This student-friendly text shows how to calculate a variety of descriptive and inferential statistics, recognize which statistics are appropriate for particular data analysis situations, and perform hypothesis tests using inferential statistics. But it is much more than a "cook book." It encourages readers to think critically about the strengths and limitations of the statistics they are calculating, as well as how they may be misapplied and misleading. Examples of statistics and statistical analyses are drawn from the worlds of the practitioner as well as the policymaker and researcher. Students will also gain a clear understanding of major ethical issues in conducting statistical analyses and reporting results, as well as insight into the realities of the life of researchers and practitioners as they use statistics and statistical analyses in their day-to-day activities.
Download or read book Crime in Public Housing A report written by W. Victor Rouse and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
