Download or read book Off line and On line Partial Discharges Detection in Low Voltage Motors of Electric Vehicle Fed by a PWM Inverter Using Non intrusive Sensor written by Thibaut Billard and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To control the speed of the motor in an electric vehicle, one solution is to use in the powertrain an inverter drive with pulse width modulation (PWM). This device is recreating a sinusoidal current on each phase with a high number of short pulses of the same amplitude but with a dynamic duty cycle. Recent advances in power electronics allowed switching time to be quicker and quicker thus creating voltage pulses with shorter and shorter rise time. The use of PWM inverter to fed low voltage is now widespread but not without posing well-known problems regarding the reliability of the machine. When an electric motor is fed with a very number of pulses per second, each pulse is not propagating immediately along the winding and thus the voltage distribution is not uniform as in the sinusoidal case. As a result, most of the voltage is located within the first turns of the coil during the first moment of the switching. When the motor is random wound, first and last turns of the same coil could be adjacent thus putting high demand on the turn-to-turn insulation. Impedance mismatch between power cables and motors terminals could lead to overvoltage which are increasing the electrical stress on the insulation system. In the worst-case scenario, partial discharges could occur and contribute to the gradual deterioration of the insulation materials thus leading to premature failure. If partial discharges are easily detected with sinusoidal voltage with standard testing procedure, it becomes much harder to so when the sample under test is fed by a PWM inverter drive. Indeed, it is very difficult to spot very low amplitude partial discharges signals among very large amplitude voltage and current. Moreover, the PWM inverter is generating electro-magnetical noise, which is highly disturbing in partial discharge detection using RF non-intrusive sensor. Worse still, some electric motors having passed successfully AC or repetitive impulses acceptance tests may still fail prematurely when fed by a PWM inverter drive. The aim of this Ph.D thesis is thus to develop a non-intrusive partial discharges detection method, using a non-intrusive sensor, off-line and on-line in an electric motor fed by a PWM inverter drive. To achieve this, a series of experiments, gradually growing in complexity, will test the detection method with harsher and harsher conditions, thus closer and closer to realistic electric vehicle operating conditions. From a single-phase test on an electric stator to a full-scale test on an industrial engine test bench, off-line and on-line detection proves to be possible. In addition, visual observations and experiments have been carried out to better understand the physics of the observed light emitting discharges.

Download or read book On line Non intrusive Partial Discharges Detection in Aeronautical Systems written by Cédric Abadie and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of power electronics in recent years has led to increase power density and to decrease pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage inverter cost. These developments have expanded the use of power converters for variable speed drive applications which enabled the development of the concept of "more electric aircraft". This concept consists in replacing one of energy carriers (pneumatic or hydraulic) with electrical energy. However, the deployment of electrical energy has increased the onboard voltage, which leads to premature aging of onboard electrical equipment. The shape of the PWM voltage consists of pulse trains. With the application of these pulses, the voltage is no longer homogeneously distributed along the coil. In this case, large differences in potential between the strands are present. In addition, another important parameter derived from the winding type motor used in industry. The random winding is the most common technique for low voltage motors due to its lower cost. The risk generated by this type of winding is that the first and the last turns of the first coil can be facing one another. In this case, up to 80% of the voltage will be supported by a few tens of microns of enamel, and existing insulation systems are not designed to withstand such severe constraints. The use of long cable connecting the inverter to the motor can also cause significant overvoltage at the motor terminals. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that the cable behaves as a transmission line to which the motor coils is not adapted in terms of impedance. In addition, these large potential differences associated with low pressures in the depressurized areas of the aircraft, may cause the occurrence of partial discharge. Partial discharges are electrical discharges that short-circuited partially the gap between two conductors. There are many detection methods well known under AC and DC voltage, however, in the case of the detection under PWM like voltage in low-voltage motors, the detection is much more complex. Partial discharge signals are embedded in the electromagnetic noise generated by the switching. The aim of this thesis is to develop a detection method and filtering method enabling a non-intrusive and an "on-line" partial discharges detection in the aeronautical field in order to qualify the electrical insulation systems used in aircraft.

Download or read book Partial Discharges PD written by Norasage Pattanadech and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PARTIAL DISCHARGES (PD) — DETECTION, IDENTIFICATION AND LOCALIZATION Explore state-of-the-art partial discharge measurement techniques In Partial Discharges (PD) — Detection, Identification and Localization, a team of distinguished electrical engineers delivers a comprehensive treatment of the behavior, modeling, measurement, monitoring, localization, and evaluation of partial discharges. It includes coverage of all major advancements in the field that have occurred over the last few decades. It also discusses partial discharge phenomena, detection methods, and strategies for analyzing and processing collected data. Mechanisms of insulation failure are explored, as is the denoising of partial discharge measurement data and the localization of partial discharge in large, high-voltage equipment. Non-electric principles and procedures are discussed, and the book offers a variety of tables, figures, and photographs to illustrate the concepts discussed within. Partial Discharges(PD) also provides: A thorough introduction to the physical behavior of partial discharges, including their causes and classification Comprehensive modeling of partial discharge behavior, including classical and dipole discharges Practical discussions of the measurement of partial discharges, including the electrical method, partial discharge decoupling, and pre- and post-processing of partial discharges In-depth examinations of the monitoring of partial discharge behavior, including methods and realization Perfect for electrical engineers engaged in electrical power engineering, Partial Discharges (PD) will also earn a place in the libraries of research and development specialists employed in the manufacturing, quality testing and operation of electrical systems.

Download or read book Partial Discharge Detection in High voltage Equipment written by F. H. Kreuger and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1989 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of current knowledge of electrical discharges that do not completely bridge the electrodes. Discharge detection, since 1945 and the use of new high voltage dielectrics, has grown into an indispensable tool for the evaluation of modern insulation. Topics covered include the behavior, detection and measurement of discharges, the choice of detection method and procedure, the location of discharges, and discharge detection in practice. Acidic paper. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Partial Discharges in Hydroelectric Generators written by Victor Dmitriev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2023-12-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective implementation of predictive maintenance programs in power plants requires the online condition monitoring of electrical generators. This book offers a comprehensive guide on the measurement, detection, and interpretation of partial discharges in hydroelectric generators. It covers a range of essential topics such as the physics of partial discharge phenomenon, various types of defects and partial discharge patterns, sensors and acquisition procedures, signal processing techniques, automatic classification of discharge types, and correlation between partial discharge occurrence and ozone generation. Numerical modelling of partial discharges and calculation of the associated radiating electromagnetic fields are also discussed. To aid understanding, the book provides theoretical explanations, practical examples, and functional Python code on Google’s Colaboratory platform. This book is a valuable resource for anyone seeking a deep understanding of partial discharges in hydroelectric generators. Presents in-depth theory with examples; Provides experimental data illustrating effects of PD in machine components; Includes functional Python and C code examples.

Download or read book Electrical Insulation for Rotating Machines written by Greg C. Stone and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-07-02 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fully expanded new edition documenting the significant improvements that have been made to the tests and monitors of electrical insulation systems Electrical Insulation for Rotating Machines: Design, Evaluation, Aging, Testing, and Repair, Second Edition covers all aspects in the design, deterioration, testing, and repair of the electrical insulation used in motors and generators of all ratings greater than fractional horsepower size. It discusses both rotor and stator windings; gives a historical overview of machine insulation design; and describes the materials and manufacturing methods of the rotor and stator winding insulation systems in current use (while covering systems made over fifty years ago). It covers how to select the insulation systems for use in new machines, and explains over thirty different rotor and stator winding failure processes, including the methods to repair, or least slow down, each process. Finally, it reviews the theoretical basis, practical application, and interpretation of forty different tests and monitors that are used to assess winding insulation condition, thereby helping machine users avoid unnecessary machine failures and reduce maintenance costs. Electrical Insulation for Rotating Machines: Documents the large array of machine electrical failure mechanisms, repair methods, and test techniques that are currently available Educates owners of machines as well as repair shops on the different failure processes and shows them how to fix or otherwise ameliorate them Offers chapters on testing, monitoring, and maintenance strategies that assist in educating machine users and repair shops on the tests needed for specific situations and how to minimize motor and generator maintenance costs Captures the state of both the present and past “art” in rotating machine insulation system design and manufacture, which helps designers learn from the knowledge acquired by previous generations An ideal read for researchers, developers, and manufacturers of electrical insulating materials for machines, Electrical Insulation for Rotating Machines will also benefit designers of motors and generators who must select and apply electrical insulation in machines.

Download or read book Detection and Pattern Recognition of Partial Discharge in Electric Machine Coils with Pulsed Voltage Excitation written by Han Xiong and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over 80 years, partial discharges (PDs) have been monitored in traditional 50-/60-Hz medium- to high-voltage electric machines to detect and determine various types of defects in the insulation system. The PD pattern and changing trend revealed by the continuous monitoring have also been used as an indicator of insulation health condition. With the development of modern power electronics, an increasing amount of medium- to high-voltage electric machines are now driven by variable speed drives (VSDs) for higher efficiency and better control capability. The voltage excitation, instead of the traditional low-frequency sinusoidal voltage, becomes high-frequency pulsed voltages, or pulse-width-modulated (PWM) voltages. The short rise and fall times of the PWM voltages, or often referred to as the fast dV/dt, subject the insulation system to more severe electrical stresses. A prominent example is the reflected wave phenomenon when the reflected voltage at the machine terminals can reach up to twice the DC bus voltage, or even up to four times in extreme cases. Such overvoltages have been reported to cause premature winding insulation breakdown. The insulation condition monitoring using effective PD detection becomes vital in such applications using VSDs. The fast dV/dt, nevertheless, causes significant switching noise in the traditional electrical PD detectors such as the coupling capacitors, crippling their capabilities to effectively detect PD, especially for medium- to high-voltage machines. Even if PDs can be successfully measured, the traditional PD pattern recognition techniques for electric machines, such as phase-resolved analysis, are no longer applicable because such techniques focus on the phase information of the PD occurrence with respect to the AC voltage. For pulsed voltages, the voltage switching plays a far more significant role than the phase of the reference voltage. This work strives to tackle the challenges in the detection and pattern recognition of PDs in electric machine insulation systems with pulsed voltage excitations. First a PD detection platform has been established to effectively detect and quantify PD events with pulsed voltage excitations. This platform employs nine sensors catering to five different PD physical manifestations, including electrical current, electromagnetic wave, optical light emission, acoustic ultrasound emission, and chemical ozone emission. PDs have been successfully and accurately measured for three types of samples: twisted pairs made of magnet wires, hand-wound stator coils, and professionally fabricated medium-voltage form-wound coils. Further a PD data processing procedure dedicated for data collected under pulsed voltages has been matured. Various machine learning algorithms and signal processing techniques are employed to implement feature extraction and pattern recognition from the collected PD data. The pattern unveiled facilitates the classification of PD pulses from different sources and locations. Moreover, the PD characteristics and patterns are investigated with pulsed voltage excitations of different parameters such as dV/dt. The effects of pulsed voltages, when compared with power-line-frequency AC voltage excitation, are hence demonstrated. Preliminary lifetime tests are performed on the twisted pair samples. The impact of recurring PDs on the lifetime of the low-voltage electric machine insulation system is further discussed in this dissertation.

Download or read book Comparison of On Line Partial Discharge Detection Techniques for High Voltage Power Cable Joints and Terminations written by Aviti Mushi and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cable joints and terminations play a vital role in providing dependable electrical connection, mechanical support and physical safeguard. These provide electrical stress control to shielded power cables. Despite their usefulness, they suffer from partial discharges (PD) because of enhanced voltage stress, moisture ingress and poor workmanship (during installation). Therefore, it is necessary to undertake on-line PD detection to determine their state. Some of these techniques are capacitive coupler (CC); acoustic emission (AE); and high frequency current transducer (HFCT). This article presents a literature review of these techniques based on the cost, availability, and applicability. The comparative analysis is also provided on location of their sensors, quantification and detection ability. The CC technique involves the quantification of the coupler sensor input measured in mV/pC by realizing the time of flight between two sensors for which the results are used to estimate location of the PD. Meanwhile, the AE technique has an advantage of high immunity to electrical noise, with a caveat that acoustic signals are highly attenuated within the cable joints. Additionally, the combination of the acoustic sensors and PD electrical couplers can be used to discriminate PDs from electrical noise. The HFCT has two methods - with denoising (HFCT-WiD) and without denoising (HFCT-WoD). The HFCT-WiD technique can significantly reduce the sensor's detection sensitivity due to its high value of noise to signal ratio (NSR). Comparatively, the HFCT has the best results of quantification and detection ability for PDs among all three techniques investigated. However, in places where electrical noise is severe, PD activities may be detected effectively with AE technique. Further work is needed to statistically map these methods and establish their correlation with experimental data.

Download or read book Electric Motors and Drives written by Austin Hughes and published by Newnes. This book was released on 1993 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Electric Motors and Drives is intended for non-specialist users of electric motors and drives, filling the gap between maths- and theory-based academic textbooks and the more prosaic 'handbooks', which provide useful detail but little opportunity for the development of real insight and understanding. The book explores all of the widely-used modern types of motor and drive, including conventional and brushless D.C., induction motors and servo dries, providing readers with the knowledge to select the right technology for a given job." "The third edition includes additional diagrams and worked examples throughout. Now topics include digital interfacing and control of drives, direct torque control of induction motors and current-fed operation in DC drives. The material on brushless servomotors has also been expanded."--BOOK JACKET.

Download or read book Electric Machines written by Hamid A. Toliyat and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With countless electric motors being used in daily life, in everything from transportation and medical treatment to military operation and communication, unexpected failures can lead to the loss of valuable human life or a costly standstill in industry. To prevent this, it is important to precisely detect or continuously monitor the working condition of a motor. Electric Machines: Modeling, Condition Monitoring, and Fault Diagnosis reviews diagnosis technologies and provides an application guide for readers who want to research, develop, and implement a more effective fault diagnosis and condition monitoring scheme—thus improving safety and reliability in electric motor operation. It also supplies a solid foundation in the fundamentals of fault cause and effect. Combines Theoretical Analysis and Practical Application Written by experts in electrical engineering, the book approaches the fault diagnosis of electrical motors through the process of theoretical analysis and practical application. It begins by explaining how to analyze the fundamentals of machine failure using the winding functions method, the magnetic equivalent circuit method, and finite element analysis. It then examines how to implement fault diagnosis using techniques such as the motor current signature analysis (MCSA) method, frequency domain method, model-based techniques, and a pattern recognition scheme. Emphasizing the MCSA implementation method, the authors discuss robust signal processing techniques and the implementation of reference-frame-theory-based fault diagnosis for hybrid vehicles. Fault Modeling, Diagnosis, and Implementation in One Volume Based on years of research and development at the Electrical Machines & Power Electronics (EMPE) Laboratory at Texas A&M University, this book describes practical analysis and implementation strategies that readers can use in their work. It brings together, in one volume, the fundamentals of motor fault conditions, advanced fault modeling theory, fault diagnosis techniques, and low-cost DSP-based fault diagnosis implementation strategies.

Download or read book Energy Efficiency in Motor Driven Systems written by Francesco Parasiliti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports the state of the art of energy-efficient electrical motor driven system technologies, which can be used now and in the near future to achieve significant and cost-effective energy savings. It includes the recent developments in advanced electrical motor end-use devices (pumps, fans and compressors) by some of the largest manufacturers. Policies and programs to promote the large scale penetration of energy-efficient technologies and the market transformation are featured in the book, describing the experiences carried out in different parts of the world. This extensive coverage includes contributions from relevant institutions in the Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand.

Download or read book Bosch Automotive Electrics and Automotive Electronics written by Robert Bosch GmbH and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a complete reference guide to automotive electrics and electronics. This new edition of the definitive reference for automotive engineers, compiled by one of the world's largest automotive equipment suppliers, includes new and updated material. As in previous editions different topics are covered in a concise but descriptive way backed up by diagrams, graphs, photographs and tables enabling the reader to better comprehend the subject. This fifth edition revises the classical topics of the vehicle electrical systems such as system architecture, control, components and sensors. There is now greater detail on electronics and their application in the motor vehicle, including electrical energy management (EEM) and discusses the topic of inter system networking within the vehicle. It also includes a description of the concept of hybrid drive a topic that is particularly current due to its ability to reduce fuel consumption and therefore CO2 emissions.This book will benefit automotive engineers and design engineers, automotive technicians in training and mechanics and technicians in garages. It may also be of interest to teachers/ lecturers and students at vocational colleges, and enthusiasts.​

Download or read book Applications of Power Electronics written by Frede Blaabjerg and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power electronics technology is still an emerging technology, and it has found its way into many applications, from renewable energy generation (i.e., wind power and solar power) to electrical vehicles (EVs), biomedical devices, and small appliances, such as laptop chargers. In the near future, electrical energy will be provided and handled by power electronics and consumed through power electronics; this not only will intensify the role of power electronics technology in power conversion processes, but also implies that power systems are undergoing a paradigm shift, from centralized distribution to distributed generation. Today, more than 1000 GW of renewable energy generation sources (photovoltaic (PV) and wind) have been installed, all of which are handled by power electronics technology. The main aim of this book is to highlight and address recent breakthroughs in the range of emerging applications in power electronics and in harmonic and electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues at device and system levels as discussed in ‎robust and reliable power electronics technologies, including fault prognosis and diagnosis technique stability of grid-connected converters and ‎smart control of power electronics in devices, microgrids, and at system levels.

Download or read book Handbook of Automotive Power Electronics and Motor Drives written by Ali Emadi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 909 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initially, the only electric loads encountered in an automobile were for lighting and the starter motor. Today, demands on performance, safety, emissions, comfort, convenience, entertainment, and communications have seen the working-in of seemingly innumerable advanced electronic devices. Consequently, vehicle electric systems require larger capacities and more complex configurations to deal with these demands. Covering applications in conventional, hybrid-electric, and electric vehicles, the Handbook of Automotive Power Electronics and Motor Drives provides a comprehensive reference for automotive electrical systems. This authoritative handbook features contributions from an outstanding international panel of experts from industry and academia, highlighting existing and emerging technologies. Divided into five parts, the Handbook of Automotive Power Electronics and Motor Drives offers an overview of automotive power systems, discusses semiconductor devices, sensors, and other components, explains different power electronic converters, examines electric machines and associated drives, and details various advanced electrical loads as well as battery technology for automobile applications. As we seek to answer the call for safer, more efficient, and lower-emission vehicles from regulators and consumer insistence on better performance, comfort, and entertainment, the technologies outlined in this book are vital for engineering advanced vehicles that will satisfy these criteria.

Download or read book Electric Vehicle Machines and Drives written by K. T. Chau and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-13 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely comprehensive reference consolidates the research and development of electric vehicle machines and drives for electric and hybrid propulsions • Focuses on electric vehicle machines and drives • Covers the major technologies in the area including fundamental concepts and applications • Emphasis the design criteria, performance analyses and application examples or potentials of various motor drives and machine systems • Accompanying website includes the simulation models and outcomes as supplementary material

Download or read book Intelligent Computing Techniques for Smart Energy Systems written by Akhtar Kalam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 1011 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book compiles the research works related to smart solutions concept in context to smart energy systems, maintaining electrical grid discipline and resiliency, computational collective intelligence consisted of interaction between smart devices, smart environments and smart interactions, as well as information technology support for such areas. It includes high-quality papers presented in the International Conference on Intelligent Computing Techniques for Smart Energy Systems organized by Manipal University Jaipur. This book will motivate scholars to work in these areas. The book also prophesies their approach to be used for the business and the humanitarian technology development as research proposal to various government organizations for funding approval.

Download or read book Low power Wearable Healthcare Sensors written by R. Simon Sherratt and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in technology have produced a range of on-body sensors and smartwatches that can be used to monitor a wearer’s health with the objective to keep the user healthy. However, the real potential of such devices not only lies in monitoring but also in interactive communication with expert-system-based cloud services to offer personalized and real-time healthcare advice that will enable the user to manage their health and, over time, to reduce expensive hospital admissions. To meet this goal, the research challenges for the next generation of wearable healthcare devices include the need to offer a wide range of sensing, computing, communication, and human–computer interaction methods, all within a tiny device with limited resources and electrical power. This Special Issue presents a collection of six papers on a wide range of research developments that highlight the specific challenges in creating the next generation of low-power wearable healthcare sensors.