Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442B Skin Sensitization Local Lymph Node Assay BrdU ELISA or FCM written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Local Lymph Node Assay: BrdU-ELISA (LLNA:BrdU-ELISA) is a non-radioactive modification to the LLNA method for identifying potential skin sensitizing test substances and measuring the proliferation of lymphocytes they induce in the auricular ...
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442A Skin Sensitization Local Lymph Node Assay DA written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Local Lymph Node Assay: DA (LLNA: DA) is a non-radioactive modification to the LLNA method for identifying potential skin sensitizing test substances and measuring the proliferation of lymphocytes they induce in the auricular lymph nodes. The ...
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 429 Skin Sensitisation Local Lymph Node Assay written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic principle underlying the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) in mouse is that sensitizers induce a primary proliferation of lymphocytes in the auricular lymph nodes draining the site of chemical application. This proliferation is proportional to ...
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442C In Chemico Skin Sensitisation Assays addressing the Adverse Outcome Pathway key event on covalent binding to proteins written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-05 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin sensitisation, following exposure to a test chemical. It provides an in chemico procedure (Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay – DPRA) used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers.
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 406 Skin Sensitisation written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1992-07-17 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance via intradermical injection and/or epidermical application. In this Test Guideline, the methods preferred over other are: the Guinea Pig Maximisation ...
Download or read book Skin Allergy An Issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America E Book written by Susan Nedorost and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-07-08 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skin Allergy, An Issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, E-Book
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Guideline No 497 Defined Approaches on Skin Sensitisation written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Defined Approach (DA) consists of a selection of information sources (e.g in silico predictions, in chemico, in vitro data) used in a specific combination, and resulting data are interpreted using a fixed data interpretation procedure (DIP) (e.g. a mathematical, rule-based model). DAs use methods in combination and are intended to overcome some limitations of the individual, stand-alone methods.
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 439 In Vitro Skin Irritation Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro procedure that may be used for the hazard identification of irritant chemicals (substances and mixtures) in accordance with the UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling (GHS) Category 2.
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442E In Vitro Skin Sensitisation In Vitro Skin Sensitisation assays addressing the Key Event on activation of dendritic cells on the Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-25 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present Key Event based Test Guideline (TG) addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin sensitisation, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin sensitisation refers to an allergic response following skin contact with the tested chemical, as defined by the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). This TG is proposed to address the activation of dendritic cells, which is one Key Event on the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for Skin Sensitisation. It provides four in vitro test methods addressing the same Key Event on the AOP: (i) the human cell Line Activation Test or h-CLAT method, (ii) the U937 Cell Line Activation Test or U-SENS, (iii) the Interleukin-8 Reporter Gene Assay or IL-8 Luc assay and (iv) the Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection for assessment of skin sensitisers (GARDTMskin). All of them are used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS. The test methods described in this TG either quantify the change in the expression of cell surface marker(s) CD54 and CD86, the cytokine IL-8, or a series of genes (genomic biomarker signature) that are associated with the process of activation of monocytes and DC following exposure to sensitisers.
Download or read book Biocompatibility and Performance of Medical Devices written by Jean-Pierre Boutrand and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biocompatibility and Performance of Medical Devices, Second Edition, provides an understanding of the biocompatibility and performance tests for ensuring that biomaterials and medical devices are safe and will perform as expected in the biological environment. Sections cover key concepts and challenges faced in relation to biocompatibility in medical devices, discuss the evaluation and characterization of biocompatibility in medical devices, describe preclinical performance studies for bone, dental and soft tissue implants, and provide information on the regulation of medical devices in the European Union, Japan and China. The book concludes with a review of histopathology principles for biocompatibility and performance studies. Presents diverse insights from experts in government, industry and academia Delivers a comprehensive overview of testing and interpreting medical device performance Expanded to include new information, including sections on managing extractables, accelerating and simplifying medical device development through screening and alternative biocompatibility methods, and quality strategies which fasten device access to market
Download or read book Toxicity Mechanisms Exposure Toxicokinetic and Risk Assessment Aspects of Metals Toxic for Animals and Humans written by Yanzhu Zhu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-10 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Toxicology written by Luis M Botana and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-03-18 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book about Non-bacterial toxins will cover those toxins that affect food safety and are produced by fungi (mycotoxins), cyanobacteria (cyanotoxins) and marine microalgae (phycotoxins). These three group of toxins affect food safety and drinking water quality at a global scale, and they pose three main challenges for scientists: 1) Climate change is causing a slow but steady change on the chemical profile of each of these groups, causing intoxications in areas that are geographically new to the intoxications map. For this reason, emerging toxins are a new topic that requires an important reallocation of resources to understand the new toxins trends, their toxicology, their analytical control and how to deal with them from a regulatory standpoint. 2) Toxicological science needs to be updated to determine the impact of the toxins in all kind of vectors (more and more are being discovered) and how they disseminate on the food chain. Also, the mode of action of many of this toxins is not understood or even known, and this affects also to the impact of the coexistence of several toxins in the same matrix. 3) Detection and regulation, as this requires the use of advance technology (mass spectrometry, biosensors, multitask screening etc) that is in many cases underdevelopped or not available, especially for many of the new toxins. Climate change, toxicology and detection affect so many areas of science that this book will try to keep the readers updated about the current state of the art.
Download or read book Textbook of Contact Dermatitis written by R.J.G. Rycroft and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ideally every patient with eczema should be patch tested and the importance of this investigation is now universally accepted. The simplicity of the technique belies its many pitfalls, the greatest being to lack the knowledge required to select the correct allergens and to interpret the results. The introduction, nearly 20 years ago, of the journal Contact Dermatitis greatly stimulated the reporting of the clinical side of contact dermatitis but a vast amount of laboratory work has also been published in other journals on the mechanisms and theory of these reactions. The literature on the subject is now quite vast and a comprehensive book on the clinical and research aspects of contact dermatitis has been sorely needed. This textbook was carefully planned to gather together what is known of the subject into a cohesive whole and it has succeeded admirably. It consists of 22 chapters written by 41 contributors, each selected for their special study of particular subjects. Every feature of contact dermatitis has been covered, beginning with its history and even concluding with the names and addresses of those worldwide who have a specific interest in the subject. The text is illustrated and well laid out; it has been broken up into clearly demarcated sections making it easy to read and its information readily accessible. One's own writing concentrates the mind but editing the texts of authors from so many different countries was a task of considerable proportions.
Download or read book Alternatives to Animal Testing written by Hajime Kojima and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-27 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0.
Download or read book Potency Evaluation of Contact Allergens written by Nordic Council Of Ministers Staff and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In Silico Toxicology written by Mark T. D. Cronin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book defines the use of computational approaches to predict the environmental toxicity and human health effects of organic chemicals.
Download or read book Collaborative Computational Technologies for Biomedical Research written by Sean Ekins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods, Processes, and Tools for Collaboration "The time has come to fundamentally rethink how we handle the building of knowledge in biomedical sciences today. This book describes how the computational sciences have transformed into being a key knowledge broker, able to integrate and operate across divergent data types." Bryn Williams-Jones, Associate Research Fellow, Pfizer The pharmaceutical industry utilizes an extended network of partner organizations in order to discover and develop new drugs, however there is currently little guidance for managing information and resources across collaborations. Featuring contributions from the leading experts in a range of industries, Collaborative Computational Technologies for Biomedical Research provides information that will help organizations make critical decisions about managing partnerships, including: Serving as a user manual for collaborations Tackling real problems from both human collaborative and data and informatics perspectives Providing case histories of biomedical collaborations and technology-specific chapters that balance technological depth with accessibility for the non-specialist reader A must-read for anyone working in the pharmaceuticals industry or academia, this book marks a major step towards widespread collaboration facilitated by computational technologies.
