Download or read book Ocular Angiogenesis written by Joyce Tombran-Tink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading academic and pharmaceutical researchers and clinicians from many disciplines synthesize and summarize current clinical and basic knowledge concerning abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye, the cause of major neovascular eye diseases. The authors also identify and assess the most promising approaches with potential for commercial exploitation and discuss the challenges encountered in developing therapeutics for ocular neovascular diseases. Highlights include illuminating chapters on gene therapy and novel drug delivery systems and excellent summaries of the newest therapeutic approaches.

Download or read book Therapy for Ocular Angiogenesis written by Arup Das and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocular angiogenesis, or the abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye, is the cause of major neovascular eye diseases. With the new era of anti-angiogenic therapies, ophthalmologists have started treating many ocular diseases including macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vascular occlusion using anti-angiogenic drugs. This book covers the basic pathophysiology of ocular angiogenesis and strategies for inhibition. The authors discuss the "Principles" of anti-angiogenic therapy, pre-clinical studies, future drugs on the horizon, drug delivery, and the "Practice" of the therapy in many ocular diseases. The book also includes chapters on diabetic macular edema, and various therapeutic options for this condition. A companion website includes the fully searchable text and an image bank.

Download or read book Retinal and Choroidal Angiogenesis written by John Penn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-19 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, in-depth review of our current understanding of the growth of blood vessels within the eye. Novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ocular angiogenesis are discussed, as are the unique challenges presented by delivery of drugs to the eye. The book emphasizes basic principles rather than specific experimental results, although recently acquired data is frequently cited to illustrate points of broader theoretical significance.

Download or read book Anti Angiogenic Therapy in Ophthalmology written by Andreas Stahl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise overview over the pathology of retinal angiogenic diseases and explains why anti-angiogenic therapy is effective in so many patients. The reader is guided through the various clinical indications for anti-angiogenic therapy and made aware of its merits as well as current challenges and limitations. It is explained how, since its introduction for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration in 2006, anti-angiogenic therapy has revolutionized the way in which we treat a range of ocular diseases. All of the authors are established experts in their respective fields who share their extensive knowledge and clinical experience with the reader. This book is both a valuable introduction to anti-angiogenic therapy in ophthalmology and a day-to-day companion for all ophthalmologists seeing patients with some of the most prevalent retinal diseases.

Download or read book Ocular Angiogenesis an Issue of Ophthalmology Clinics written by James M. Cairo and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abnormal angiogenesis is frequently the final pathway leading to the vast majority of diseases that result in catastrophic loss of vision. This issue includes topics on molecular biology of choroidal neovascularization, immunologic aspects of choroidal neovascularization, role of VEGF in ocular angiogenesis, and Pegaptanib: treating neovascular AMD, plus much more.

Download or read book Corneal Angiogenesis written by Gordon K. Klintworth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research monograph, the noted scholar Dr. Gordon K. Klintworth brings together all the available information on the pathogenesis of corneal neovascularization. This book should be a valuable contribution to the medical literature of ophthalmology and clinical pathology. Despite its relatively simple structure the cornea possesses many unique properties. These attributes include its crystal clarity and avascularity in the health state. This normally transparent structure has been the focal point for Dr. Klintworth's research endeavors for more than two decades. This monograph summarizes current knowledge about angiogenesis within this tissue as well as information about the related issue of the cornea's normal avascularity. The text provides a comprehensive overview of the topic based on studies by a large number of investigators who were either concerned with corneal neovascularization in particular or angiogenesis in general.

Download or read book Regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea written by Anthony Mukwaya and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation and angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, are involved in tumor growth, ocular diseases and wound healing. In ocular angiogenesis, new pathological vessels grow into a specific eye tissue, leak fluid, and disrupt vision. The development of safe and effective therapies for ocular angiogenesis is of great importance for preventing blindness, given that current treatments have limited efficacy or are associated with undesirable side effects. The search for alternative treatment targets requires a deeper understanding of inflammation and how it can lead to angiogenesis in the eye in pathologic situations. This thesis provides new insights into the regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis, particularly at the gene expression and phenotypic levels, in different situations characterized by angiogenesis of the cornea, often called corneal neovascularization. For instance, specific genes and pathways are either endogenously activated or suppressed during active inflammation, wound healing, and during resolution of inflammation and angiogenesis, serving as potential targets to modulate the inflammatory and angiogenic response. In addition, as part of the healing response to restore corneal transparency, inflammation and angiogenesis subside with time in the cornea. In this context, LXR/RXR signaling was found to be activated in a time-dependent manner, to potentially regulate resolution of inflammation and angiogenesis. During regression of new angiogenic capillaries, ghost vessels and empty basement membrane sleeves are formed, which can persist in the cornea for a long time. Here, ghost vessels were found to facilitate subsequent revascularization of the cornea, while empty basement membrane sleeves did not revascularize. The revascularization response observed here was characterised by vasodilation, increased inflammatory cell infiltration and by sprouting at the front of the reperfused vessels. Importantly, reactive oxygen species and nitrous oxide signaling among other pro-inflammatory pathways were activated, and at the same time anti-inflammatory LXR/RXR signaling was inhibited. The interplay between activation and inhibition of these pathways highlights potential mechanisms that regulate corneal revascularization. When treating corneal neovascularization clinically, corticosteroids are in widespread use due to their effectiveness. To minimize the many undesirable side effects associated with corticosteroid use, however, identifying new and more selective agents is of great importance. Here, it was observed that corticosteroids not only suppressed pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, but also activated the classical complement pathway. Classical complement may represent a candidate for further selective therapeutic manipulation to investigate its effect on treatment of corneal neovascularization. In summary, this thesis identifies genes, pathways, and phenotypic responses involved in sprouting and remodeling of corneal capillaries, highlights novel pathways and factors that may regulate inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea, and provides insights into regulation of capillary regression and reactivation. Further investigation of these regulatory mechanisms may offer alternative and effective treatment targets for the treatment of corneal inflammation and angiogenesis.

Download or read book Inhibitors of corneal inflammation and angiogenesis written by Pierfrancesco Mirabelli and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathologic angiogenesis is involved in cancer and several blinding conditions such as wet age-related macular degeneration, proliferative retinopathies and corneal neovascularization. In these dieseases, the angiogenic triggers are hypoxia and inflammation, and both involve the main angiogenic mediator, which is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Among available treatments, anti-VEGF often shows limited or temporary efficacy, while steroids are potentially responsible for many side-effects. This thesis presents a series of linked studies aimed at elucidating the early pathologic changes leading to inflammation and corneal neovascularization, and how various treatments affect this process. In this thesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic treatments are applied in corneal neovascularization models, to identify VEGF-independent pathways and other novel factors as future therapy targets, as well as to investigate the endogenous modulation of angiogenesis. A model of experimental neovascularization in the rat cornea was used as main model, where the neovascular response is triggered by a surgical suture placed into the cornea. Investigational treatments (anti-Vegf, dexamethasone, IMD0354, Gap27, or control substances) were then given topically, with the exception of IMD0354, which was given systemically. The effects in the cornea were studied in vivo with slit lamp photography to assess and quantify macroscopic vessel growth and using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) to study cell infiltration and limbal vessel dilation and detect microscopic vessel sprouts; these examinations were performed longitudinally. Genomic analysis with RNA microarray, selected gene expression with q-RT-PCR, and selected protein expression in tissue (immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot) were performed at different time-points. Moreover, other experiments on cell cultures (HUVEC and HCEC), organ cultures (human corneas), ex vivo models (aortic rings) and in vivo studies (zebrafish vasculogenesis) were performed. Dexamethasone suppressed limbal vasodilation and corneal neovascularization more than anti-Vegf, despite no difference in inflammatory cell infiltration into the cornea. Five-hundred eleven fewer genes were differentially expressed in dexamethasone-treated corneas relative to naïve corneas, compared to anti-Vegf. Among them, several major pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines were suppressed only by dexamethasone and represent novel candidate factors to target in order to improve anti-VEGF treatment. On the other hand, selective inhibition of a single inflammatory pathway (NF-?B), despite showing similar early effects as dexamethasone in suppressing tissue inflammation, was not effective enough to suppress new vessel growth. The same factors suppressed by dexamethasone are also inhibited in endogenous modulation of angiogenesis. Surprisingly, dexamethasone activated several complement factors, which could possibly be beneficial in the anti-angiogenic response. In a different therapeutic approach, promoting cell migration to accelerate epithelial wound closure similarly was not sufficient to avoid inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea. In conclusion, new and more effective treatments are needed for corneal inflammation and neovascularization with fewer side-effects. In this thesis, several novel factors and mechanisms related to inflammation are identified, factors that are not addressed by anti-Vegf therapy, and therefore represent interesting objects for further study, as they have the potential to be targets for adjuvant therapy. Specific anti-inflammatory treatment as well as therapeutic activation of endogenous regulatory pathways, and potentially complement modulation, might represent new strategies to improve anti-angiogenic therapy, but when used alone they do not seem to avoid corneal neovascularization.

Download or read book Anti VEGF written by M. Battaglia Parodi and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of therapy with anti-angiogenics or vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) has marked the beginning of a new era in neovascularization and macular edema treatment. Its main goals are the inhibition of growth and development of new vessels along with the reduction of vascular permeability. The advantages over conventional laser photocoagulation are evident as laser treatment always leaves scars and causes a retinal sensitivity deterioration.Starting with an outline of treatment principles, this volume covers all aspects of anti-VEGF therapy for ophthalmological disorders. In particular, specific chapters are dedicated to age-related macular degeneration, degenerative myopia, angioid streaks, inflammatory diseases, hereditary dystrophies, retinal vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, ocular tumors, as well as anterior segment neovascularization.The book gives an update on the application of anti-VEGF in ocular diseases to general ophthalmologists as well as retina specialists.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Eye written by Joseph Besharse and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-05-27 with total page 2352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the first comprehensive reference for the eye, its support structures, diseases, and treatments, Encyclopedia of the Eye is an important resource for all visual scientists, ophthalmologists, and optometrists, as well as researchers in immunology, infectious disease, cell biology, neurobiology and related disciplines. This four-volume reference is unique in its coverage of information on all tissues important for vision, including the retina, cornea and lens. It also covers the physiological and pathophysiologic processes that affect all eye tissues. This Encyclopedia is invaluable for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who are seeking an introduction to an area of eye research. Each chapter explains the basic concepts and provides references to relevant chapters within the Encyclopedia and more detailed articles across the wider research literature. The Encyclopedia is also particularly useful for visual scientists and practitioners who are researching a new area, seeking deeper understanding of important research articles in fields adjacent to their own, or reviewing a grant outside their immediate area of expertise. Written by experts at a level that permits students to grasp key elements of a specific subject Provides an entryway into the major features of current eye research No other source puts this much information, so well-indexed and with so many helpful full color figures and graphics, in the hands of the ophthalmic scientist

Download or read book Angiogenesis Assays written by Carolyn A. Staton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-11 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is essential for physiological growth and over 18,000 research articles have been published describing the role of angiogenesis in over 70 different diseases, including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. One of the most important technical challenges in such studies has been finding suitable methods for assessing the effects of regulators of eh angiogenic response. While increasing numbers of angiogenesis assays are being described both in vitro and in vivo, it is often still necessary to use a combination of assays to identify the cellular and molecular events in angiogenesis and the full range of effects of a given test protein. Although the endothelial cell - its migration, proliferation, differentiation and structural rearrangement - is central to the angiogenic process, it is not the only cell type involved. the supporting cells, the extracellular matrix and the circulating blood with its cellular and humoral components also contribute. In this book, experts in the use of a diverse range of assays outline key components of these and give a critical appraisal of their strengths and weaknesses. Examples include assays for the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro, vessel outgrowth from organ cultures, assessment of endothelial and mural cell interactions, and such in vivo assays as the chick chorioallantoic membrane, zebrafish, corneal, chamber and tumour angiogenesis models. These are followed by a critical analysis of the biological end-points currently being used in clinical trials to assess the clinical efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs, which leads into a discussion of the direction future studies should take. This valuable book is of interest to research scientists currently working on angiogenesis in both the academic community and in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Relevant disciplines include cell and molecular biology, oncology, cardiovascular research, biotechnology, pharmacology, pathology and physiology.

Download or read book Ocular Disease Mechanisms and Management E Book written by Leonard A Levin and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocular Disease—a newly introduced companion volume to the classic Adler’s Physiology of the Eye—correlates basic science and clinical management to describe the how and why of eye disease processes and the related best management protocols. Editors Leonard A. Levin and Daniel M. Albert—two of the world’s leading ophthalmic clinician-scientists—have recruited as contributors the most expert and experienced authorities available in each of the major areas of ophthalmic disease specific to ophthalmology: retina, cornea, cataract, glaucoma, uveitis, and more. The concise chapter structure features liberal use of color—with 330 full-color line artworks, call-out boxes, summaries, and schematics for easy navigation and understanding. This comprehensive resource provides you with a better and more practical understanding of the science behind eye disease and its relation to treatment. Covers all areas of disease in ophthalmology including retina, cornea, cataract, glaucoma, and uveitis for the comprehensive information you need for managing clinical cases. Presents a unique and pragmatic blend of necessary basic science and clinical application to serve as a clinical guide to understanding the cause and rational management of ocular disease. Features 330 full-color line artworks that translate difficult concepts and discussions into concise schematics for improved understanding and comprehension. Provides the expert advice of internationally recognized editors with over 40 years of experience together with a group of world class contributors in basic science and clinical ophthalmology.

Download or read book Angiogenesis written by William D. Figg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-24 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Judah Folkman is considered the "father of angiogenesis." Because of Folkman's discovery and research, the possibilities of angiogenic therapy have broadened beyond cancer to many noncancerous diseases. Angiogenesis: An Integrative Approach from Science to Medicine is a comprehensive, concise summary of tumor angiogenesis. It is an up-to-date and authoritative reference for the angiogenesis field as it relates to oncology. This book represents the first collection in a volume of which Folkman is co-editor. Folkman has authored nearly 400 original papers and more than 100 book chapters.

Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis written by Jean-Jacques Feige and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-27 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis is a multi-stage process that drives the generation of new blood and lymphatic vessels from pre-existing ones. It is highly active during embryogenesis, largely inactive during adulthood but reactivated during wound healing and under a number of pathological conditions including cancer and ocular diseases. In addition to endothelial cells, which line the walls of the vessels, several other cell types (pericytes, macrophages, progenitor cells...) also contribute to angiogenesis. A number of signaling pathways are activated and very finely tune the delicate morphogenetic events that ultimately lead to the formation of stable blood proof neovessels. This book reviews recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of angiogenesis, with a focus on how to integrate these observations into the context of developmental, post-natal and pathological neovascularization. The book was published under the auspices of the French Angiogenesis Society. Most contributors are prominent members of this Society or international researchers who have actively contributed to the Annual Meetings of the Society.

Download or read book Ocular Circulation and Neovascularization written by D. Benezra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neovascularization isanormalphaseoftissue repair mechanlsm. In theeye, however, sproutingofnewvessels withinavasculartissuesandtheirgreatertendencytobleed havedetrimentaleffectsonvision. Diabeticretinopathy, corneal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, retinal veinocclusion, andretinopathy of prematurity are major causes of blindness. In all, uncontrolled proliferationofnewvesselsistheunderlying pathologicalcauseleadingtotheinexorablelossofvision. Development of lasertechnologiesandtheir wide use in ophthalmology have broughtsomehopeforthetreqtment of these diseases. However, itbecameevident that direct closureofthenewvesselsand/orablationoflargepartsof thetissuearenotidealsolutionstotheproblem. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering have fosteredbasic knowledge regarding the growth factors and intercellular messengers and their association with theproliferationofnew blood vessels. These latter findings sparked a renewed interest in Michaelson's "X-factor" ofocular neovascularization and opened avenues for possible innovative therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the suggestion to organize an international gathering of clinicians and scientists interested in problems of ocular circulation and neovascularization was received with great enthusiasm. Unanimously, it wasdecidedtodedicatethe symposium to Professor I.C. Michaelson, theinnovativescientist, the greatclinician, theindefatigableteacher, andaboveall, thewonderfulhumanbeing. The meeting was highlighted by the outstanding atmosphere of friendshipandscientif·ic exchanges. This book mirrors the information delivered and includes a selectionofpapersfromthescientificprogram. Theorganizationofthismeetingandthepublicationof thebookwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheharmonious teameffortsmadebytheInternational, ScientificandLocal Committees. I am thankful tothe chairpersons of the varioussessionsfortheirtime, keeninterestandendeavor for the realizationofahighscientific level. I also deeplyacknowledgethehelpand & upportofArnallPatz, Bob Murphy, BertGlaser, RobertFrank, LarryHjelmeland, Gordon Klintworth, Neville Welsh, Charles Riva, Alec Garner, DesmondArcher, EphraimFriedman, MyronYanoff, MosheLahav, Willem Manschot, Hans-WaltherLarsenand Masanobu Uyama. The powerful stimulus of Hanan Zauberman, Steve Ryan, GabrielCoscas, GiselleSoubrane, MosheIvry, YuvalYassur and Sue and Peter Ballenwasmost instrumental in the realizationofthese"dreams". Asalways, Iwasfortunate tohavetheinvaluablecollaborationofmyloyalassistants: Evelyne Cohen, Genia Maftzir, Israel Barzel, Arieh Zelikovitch, andJudithBenEzra. Thesmoothrunningofthe meeting andtimelyeditingofthebookcouldnothave been possible without theincalculablehelp and indefatigable typing and councilofJudithFisher, whoseconded me in selectingthepapersandeditingthebook

Download or read book Endogenous Inhibitors of Angiogenesis TSP1 and PEDF as Potential Targets for Treatment of Exudative AMD written by Mitra Farnoodian and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major causes of visual impairment in the elderly population worldwide. The increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as an essential factor in development and progression of AMD, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Intravitreal injection of VEGF antagonists is effective in delaying CNV and pathological progression of the disease. However, safety concerns are emerging regarding long term blockade of VEGF, and loss of ocular integrity due to multiple intravitreal injections and systemic complications. Thus, safe and effective new treatments are needed. Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) are major endogenous inhibitors of ocular angiogenesis which are deficient in vascular retinopathies including human AMD. Small peptides derived from their active fragments are potently anti-angiogenic in models of ocular diseases and tumors. Our preliminary results indicated that these peptides attenuate CNV in pre-clinical models of exudative AMD. Although the pathogenesis of AMD has been associated with retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) impairment and choroidal vascular dysfunction, the detailed mechanisms remain unresolved. Choroidal endothelial cells (ChEC) have a crucial role in maintaining the health of outer retina and photoreceptor function. RPE cells also play a key role in the development and stabilization of retinal structure, and maintenance of the ocular vascular hemostasis. They assist in the maintenance of the ocular angiogenic balance by production of positive and negative regulatory factors including VEGF, TSP1, and PEDF. The altered production of PEDF and TSP1, as endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis and inflammation, has been linked to pathogenesis of AMD and CNV. The molecular pathways affected by ChEC and RPE cells impairment leading to clinically relevant AMD changes need further investigation. These studies are hampered by the lack of availability of methods to readily culture ChEC and RPE cells from wild type and transgenic mice retina. In the present study, using our unique method for routine culturing of ChEC and RPE cells from wild type and transgenic mice, I examined, for the first time, the cell autonomous impact of PEDF and TSP1 on ChEC and RPE cell function. I proposed a novel approach to investigate the potential effect of TSP1 and PEDF expression on ChEC and RPE cell function and their contribution in AMD pathologies. In addition, I used small peptides mimicking the action of these endogenous inhibitors, TPS1 and PEDF, to investigate if they utilize similar mechanisms of action as the whole molecules on ChEC and RPE function. Replacing this inhibitory function should provide beneficial effects for ocular neovascular disease including AMD where the natural inhibitors level is low or absent. The results of these studies showed that the expression of PEDF and/ or TSP1 by ChEC and RPE cells has a crucial role not only in modulation of ocular vascular homeostasis but also have significant influence on their cellular function and their alteration may contribute to pathogenesis of AMD. Furthermore, PEDF and TSP1 mimetic peptides could be potential therapeutics for treatment of AMD.

Download or read book Anti VEGF written by Francesco Bandello and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of therapy with anti-angiogenics or vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) has marked the beginning of a new era in neovascularization and macular edema treatment. Its main goals are the inhibition of growth and development of new vessels along with the reduction of vascular permeability. The advantages over conventional laser photocoagulation are evident as laser treatment always leaves scars and causes a retinal sensitivity deterioration. Starting with an outline of treatment principles, this volume covers all aspects of anti-VEGF therapy for ophthalmological disorders. In particular, specific chapters are dedicated to age-related macular degeneration, degenerative myopia, angioid streaks, inflammatory diseases, hereditary dystrophies, retinal vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, ocular tumors, as well as anterior segment neovascularization. The book gives an update on the application of anti-VEGF in ocular diseases to general ophthalmologists as well as retina specialists.