Download or read book Observations of Atmospheric Gases Using Fourier Transform Spectrometers written by Dejian Fu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing of atmospheric gases improves our understanding of the state and evolution of the Earth's environment. At the beginning of the thesis, the basic principles for the retrieval of concentrations of atmospheric gases from spectra are presented with a focus on ground-based observations. An overview of the characteristic features of different platforms, viewing geometries, measurement sites, and Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTSs) used in the measurements are provided. The thesis covers four main projects.
Download or read book Fourier Transform Spectroscopy with Partially Scanned Interferograms as a Tool to Retrieve Atmospheric Gases Concentrations from High Spectral Resolution Satellite Observations Methodological Aspects and Application to IASI written by Carmine Serio and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourier Transform Spectroscopy with Partially Scanned Interferograms as a Tool to Retrieve Atmospheric Gases Concentrations from High Spectral Resolution Satellite Observations - Methodological Aspects and Application to IASI.
Download or read book Application of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy to Air Pollution Problems written by John W. Spence and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book First Trace Gas Measurements Using Fourier Transform Infrared Solar Absorption Spectroscopy at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory written by Aldona Wiacek and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic study showed that the effect of several different layering schemes (implicit retrieval constraints) on the retrieved vertical profile is less than 5% for N2O and HF, and less than 2% for NO, NO 2, CH4 and HCl; however, retrieved profiles of H2O showed differences up to 13% when the layering scheme was varied. A maximum tropospheric layer thickness of 0.8 km is inferred for accurate H2O retrievals. A new high-resolution (0.004 cm-1) research-grade Fourier transform spectrometer was installed at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory (TAO), and commissioned in October 2001. TAO fills a coverage gap in North America in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), and was accepted as a Complementary Station in March 2004 as a direct result of work presented in this thesis. Finally, the usefulness of Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) observations for studying different regions of the atmosphere was demonstrated by (1) documenting a limited sensitivity of ground-based measurements to mesospheric-lower thermospheric concentrations of NO, (2) correlating anomalously high stratospheric HCl, HF and O3 concentrations derived at TAO with the passage of a polar air filament above Toronto, and (3) showing very good agreement between monthly mean abundances of tropospheric CO between January 2002--September 2003 and spatially coincident MOPITT satellite measurements. Trace gas concentrations are derived using an existing Optimal Estimation Method (OEM) retrieval algorithm implemented at TAO as part of this work. A set of prior constraints necessary for retrievals of vertical profiles of trace gases using the OEM approach was optimized, and includes a priori volume mixing ratio profiles suited to TAO's location, and the prior and measurement noise covariances. A three-year time series of O3, NO. NO2, HCl, HF, N2O and CH4 (exhibiting the known seasonal cycles) was submitted to the NDACC database for long-terra monitoring, trend detection, and satellite validation purposes. A quantitative retrieval characterization was performed whereby the averaging kernels, weighting functions, measurement, smoothing and temperature error covariances of the retrievals of these seven gases were calculated. The degrees of freedom for signal ranged from 1.10 for NO2 to 4.12 for N2O.
Download or read book Assessment of Trace Gas Observations from the Toronto Atmospheric Observatory written by Jeffrey Ryan Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A high-resolution infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) has been operational at the Toronto Atmospheric Observatory (TAO) since May 2002. An optimal estimation retrieval technique is used to analyse the observed spectra and provide regular total and partial column measurements of trace gases in the troposphere and stratosphere as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change. The quality of these results were assessed through two ground-based validation campaigns, comparisons with three satellite instruments, and comparison with a three-dimensional chemical transport model.The two ground-based campaigns involved two lower-resolution FTS instruments: the University of Toronto FTS and the Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the Infrared. The first campaign took place over the course of four months and is the longest side-by-side intercomparison of ground-based FTS instruments, to date. The second campaign was more focused and involved all three instruments measuring over a two-week period. Simultaneous measurements of O3, HCl, N2O, and CH4 were recorded and average total column differences were all
Download or read book Spectroscopy from Space written by Jean Demaison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many satellites have recently been launched or are in preparation, which operate in the microwave to IR ranges, the main objective being to observe the earth's atmosphere or interstellar clouds. Analysis of the data they supply requires extensive laboratory work because we still only have sufficiently accurate data (line positions, intensities, and profiles) for only a few species. Furthermore, the observer community is making increasing calls for laboratory data, as new development open up new observational possibilities (such as submillimeter observation). Research on these subjects involves many different areas of specialisation in fields of research that generate a wealth of data. In Spectroscopy from Space the people responsible for field observations explain which results they are expecting from their measurements and how laboratory people can help them to analyse their satellite data. Laboratory spectroscopists explain why what they can do now, and what kinds of experiment and theoretical development that might undertake to meet the needs of the remote sensing community. The problems of distributing reliable laboratory data in a timely way are also addressed.
Download or read book High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at Elevated Temperatures written by Mark P. Esplin and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although both Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide are minor constituents of the terrestrial atmosphere, they play leading roles in several current atmospheric problems. Both CO2 and N2O are greenhouse gases, and while it is known that the atmospheric concentrations of both gases is increasing, the impact of these trends on global temperature is not yet adequately understood. In addition to being a greenhouse gas, N2O plays an indirect part in ozone chemistry. Heating a molecule makes possible the observations of molecular transitions originating from highly excited rotation-vibration states. Heating a molecule makes possible the observations of molecular transitions originating from highly excited rotation-vibration states. These observations can then be used to characterize the shape of the molecular potential function at increasing distances from the minimum of the potential function. The infrared spectra of linear molecules like CO2 and N2O are composed of vibration bands made up of a number of nearly equally spaced rotation lines. A Fourier Spectrometer is ideally suited to the study of high temperature gases since it meets both of these needs by providing high resolution over a wide spectral region.
Download or read book Observation of the Earth and Its Environment written by Herbert J. Kramer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 989 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In sum, I believe that every organization active in remote sensing will find Dr. Kramer's book to be an essential addition to its technical library, and I believe that every serious practitioner of remote sensing will find it a permanently useful and vital reference." John H. McElroy, Dean of Engineering, The University of Texas and Chair of the Committee on Earth studies of the U.S. National Research Council's Space Studies Board)
Download or read book Atmospheric Model Applications written by Ismail Yucel and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-04-04 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers comprehensive text and reference work on atmospheric models for methods of numerical modeling and important related areas of data assimilation and predictability. It incorporates various aspects of environmental computer modeling including an historical overview of the subject, approximations to land surface and atmospheric physics and dynamics, radiative transfer and applications in satellite remote sensing, and data assimilation. With individual chapters authored by eminent professionals in their respective topics, Advanced Topics in application of atmospheric models try to provide in-depth guidance on some of the key applied in atmospheric models for scientists and modelers.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temperature and Pressure Retrievals and Mitigation of the Impact of Dust for a High resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer Mission to Mars written by Kevin Sutherland Olsen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non CO2 Greenhouse Gases Scientific Understanding Control and Implementation written by J. van Ham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the climate change discussion, non-CO2 greenhouse gases (NCGGs) received official political recognition for the first time in 1997, when agreement was reached on the Kyoto Protocol. As a result methane, nitrous oxide, HFCs, PFCs and SF6 now provide attractive options for detailing the national targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions meant to control climate change. This book is the second volume in this area and addresses three main topics. Firstly, it documents progress with respect to our knowledge of the sources and sinks of NCGGs. Information on this subject is essential in order to reduce the uncertainties in national emissions inventories which serve as the reference values for commitments of countries in the framework of the Kyoto Protocol. Secondly, this volume deals with the control options for the NCGGs and contains a wealth of information in this area. Emerging technologies here provide business opportunities, in particular in connection with the flexible mechanisms for mitigation projects in developing countries which have been agreed in Kyoto. Thirdly, the book treats the policy implementation of mitigation options for greenhouse gas emissions. Tools for control policies, both on the national and international level, and for different sectors of industry are discussed. National integrated approaches, including the ones from the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Netherlands Ministry of Environment which both sponsored the conference, provide guidance for defining the most effective greenhouse gases mitigation plans in different situations. This volume is being published in support of the IPCC Process and will serve as a reference for IPCC's Third Assessment Report.
Download or read book Measurements and Data Analysis from a Balloon borne Fourier Transform Spectrometer written by Debra Wunch and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The University of Toronto's Fourier transform spectrometer (U of T FTS) was converted from a ground-based FTS to a balloon- and ground-based FTS through an extensive electronics and software redevelopment. Its functionality was shown by its successful flight on the MANTRA 200=1 balloon payload, recording two spectra on each detector, and its ground-based data, recorded during the 2001 campaign. Its balloon and ground-based data were compared with other ground-based instruments on-site and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite instrument.The Middle Atmosphere Nitrogen TRend Assessment (MANTRA) campaigns consist of a high-altitude balloon launch supported by a ground-based campaign. Campaigns were held in Vanscoy, SK, when stratospheric zonal winds change from easterly to westerly: a time of year called turnaround. An investigation of the climatology and predictability of turnaround is presented. The study determined that the timing of turnaround cannot be predicted from stratospheric zonal wind speeds earlier in the summer. The climatology showed that there is a launch window which contains August 26 through September 5, wherein stratospheric zonal wind speeds are low enough to facilitate a launch.The U of T FTS participated in a ground-based intercomparison campaign in Toronto with the Toronto Atmospheric Observatory Fourier transform spectrometer (TAO-FTS) and the Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the Infrared (PARIS-IR). The resolutions of these three instruments are significantly different. The two lower-resolution instruments (PARIS-IR and the U of T FTS) were found to measure 4-day average total columns of O 3, HCl, N2O and CH4 to within 3.5% of the TAO-FTS total columns. The largest errors were produced by the total column retrievals of the stratospheric species (O3 and HCl). In order to achieve this 3.5% agreement for the stratospheric species, the instrument line shape of the U of T FTS and PARIS-IR instruments had to be taken into account. Much of the remaining error can be attributed to the averaging kernels of the lower-resolution instruments.
Download or read book Advances in Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere written by Weidong Chen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge technologies and monitoring applications. Concepts are illustrated by numerous examples with information on spectroscopic techniques and applications widely distributed throughout the text. This information is important for researchers to gain an overview of recent developments in the field and make informed selections among the most suitable techniques. This volume also provides information that will allow researchers to explore implementing and developing new diagnostic tools or new approaches for trace gas and aerosol sensing themselves. Advances in Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere covers advanced and newly emerging spectroscopic techniques for optical metrology of gases and particles in the atmosphere. This book will be a valuable reference for atmospheric scientists, including those whose focus is applying the methods to atmospheric studies, and those who develop instrumentation. It will also serve as a useful introduction to researchers entering the field and provide relevant examples to researchers and students developing and applying optical sensors for a variety of other scientific, technical, and industrial uses. - Overview of new applications including remote sensing by UAV, laser heterodyne radiometry, dual comb spectroscopy, and more - Features in-situ observations and measurements for real-world data - Includes content on leading edge optical sensors
Download or read book Fourier Transforms written by Goran Nikolic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New analytical strategies and techniques are necessary to meet requirements of modern technologies and new materials. In this sense, this book provides a thorough review of current analytical approaches, industrial practices, and strategies in Fourier transform application.
Download or read book Inverse Problems in Atmospheric Constituent Transport written by I. G. Enting and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-06-20 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes mathematical techniques for interpreting measurements of greenhouse gases in order to learn about their sources and sinks. It is aimed at researchers and graduate students embarking upon studies in this area. Established researchers will also find its extensive referencing invaluable.
Download or read book The Earth Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
