Download or read book Nuclear Safeguards Infrastructure Development and Integration with Safety and Security written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faced with increasing global energy demands, many developing countries are considering building their first nuclear power plant. As a country embarks upon or expands its nuclear power program, it should consider how it will address the 19 issues laid out in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) document Milestones in Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power. One of those issues specifically addresses the international nonproliferation treaties and commitments and the implementation of safeguards to prevent diversion of nuclear material from peaceful purposes to nuclear weapons. Given the many legislative, economic, financial, environmental, operational, and other considerations preoccupying their planners, it is often difficult for countries to focus on developing the core strengths needed for effective safeguards implementation. Typically, these countries either have no nuclear experience or it is limited to the operation of research reactors used for radioisotope development and scientific research. As a result, their capacity to apply safeguards and manage fuel operations for a nuclear power program is limited. This paper argues that to address the safeguards issue effectively, a holistic approach must be taken to integrate safeguards with the other IAEA issues including safety and security - sometimes referred to as the '3S' concept. Taking a holistic approach means that a country must consider safeguards within the context of its entire nuclear power program, including operations best practices, safety, and security as well as integration with its larger nonproliferation commitments. The Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration's International Nuclear Safeguards and Engagement Program (INSEP) has been involved in bilateral technical cooperation programs for over 20 years to promote nonproliferation and the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. INSEP is currently spearheading efforts to promote the development of nuclear safeguards infrastructure in countries with credible plans for nuclear energy as part of the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative. Developing an adequate safeguards infrastructure is critical to becoming a responsible 'owner' of nuclear power. The 3S concept is the optimal path forward to achieving this goal.

Download or read book Building Safeguards Infrastructure written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has been written in recent years about the nuclear renaissance - the rebirth of nuclear power as a clean and safe source of electricity around the world. Those who question the nuclear renaissance often cite the risk of proliferation, accidents or an attack on a facility as concerns, all of which merit serious consideration. The integration of these three areas - sometimes referred to as 3S, for safety, security and safeguards - is essential to supporting the growth of nuclear power, and the infrastructure that supports them should be strengthened. The focus of this paper will be on the role safeguards plays in the 3S concept and how to support the development of the infrastructure necessary to support safeguards. The objective of this paper has been to provide a working definition of safeguards infrastructure, and to discuss xamples of how building safeguards infrastructure is presented in several models. The guidelines outlined in the milestones document provide a clear path for establishing both the safeguards and the related infrastructures needed to support the development of nuclear power. The model employed by the INSEP program of engaging with partner states on safeguards-related topics that are of current interest to the level of nuclear development in that state provides another way of approaching the concept of building safeguards infrastructure. The Next Generation Safeguards Initiative is yet another approach that underscored five principal areas for growth, and the United States commitment to working with partners to promote this growth both at home and abroad.

Download or read book International Nuclear Safeguards at Sandia written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As global nuclear energy expands, assuring peaceful uses of nuclear technology becomes increasingly important. In addition to complying with international nuclear safeguards, a responsible nuclear energy program promotes a corresponding safeguards culture. Establishment of transparent peaceful uses of nuclear technologies starts with cooperative international engagements and safeguards systems. Developing states investing in nuclear energy must assure the international community of their longterm commitment to safeguards, safety, and security (3S) of nuclear materials and technologies. Cultivating a safeguards culture starts in the initial phases of infrastructure planning and must be integrated into the process of developing a responsible nuclear energy program. Sandia National Laboratories supports the implementation of safeguards culture through a variety of activities, including infrastructure development.

Download or read book Enhancing National Safeguards Infrastructure to Support the Introduction of Nuclear Power written by IAEA and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2023-11-17 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decision to establish a nuclear power program is a significant undertaking by any country. Such a decision should be based on a commitment by the government to use nuclear power safely, securely and peacefully. This commitment requires establishing a sustainable national infrastructure including robust safeguards infrastructure supporting the functions of the State system of accounting for and control of nuclear material (SSAC). The IAEA has developed the Milestones Approach to help Member States embarking on nuclear power to plan and develop the necessary infrastructure in a phased way. Safeguards is one of the 19 infrastructure issues described in the Milestones Approach. The primary objective of this publication is to provide guidance and references for safeguards related activities that need to be carried out during each of the three phases of nuclear power infrastructure development in line with the nuclear power program implementation. This publication includes several case studies from different countries on how they developed their national safeguards infrastructure to meet the requirements of their nuclear power programs.

Download or read book Milestones in the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Nuclear Energy. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and implementation of an appropriate infrastructure to support the successful introduction of nuclear power and its safe, secure, peaceful and sustainable application is an issue of central concern, especially for countries that are considering and planning their first nuclear power plant. In preparing the necessary nuclear infrastructure, there are several activities that need to be completed. These activities can be split into three progressive phases of development. This publication provides a description of the conditions expected to be achieved by the end of each phase to assist with the best use of resources. 'Milestones' refer to the conditions necessary to demonstrate that the phase has been successfully completed.

Download or read book Effective Implementation of Safety Security and Safeguards for Countries Building the Infrastructure to Support a Nuclear Power Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrating Safeguards and Security with Safety Into Design written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a need to minimize security risks, proliferation hazards, and safety risks in the design of new nuclear facilities in a global environment of nuclear power expansion, while improving the synergy of major design features and raising operational efficiency. In 2008, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) launched the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) covering many safeguards areas. One of these, launched by NNSA with support of the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, was a multi-laboratory project, led by the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), to develop safeguards by design. The proposed Safeguards-by-Design (SBD) process has been developed as a structured approach to ensure the timely, efficient, and cost effective integration of international safeguards and other nonproliferation barriers with national material control and accountability, physical security, and safety objectives into the overall design process for the nuclear facility lifecycle. A graded, iterative process was developed to integrate these areas throughout the project phases. It identified activities, deliverables, interfaces, and hold points covering both domestic regulatory requirements and international safeguards using the DOE regulatory environment as exemplar to provide a framework and guidance for project management and integration of safety with security during design. Further work, reported in this paper, created a generalized SBD process which could also be employed within the licensed nuclear industry and internationally for design of new facilities. Several tools for integrating safeguards, safety, and security into design are discussed here. SBD appears complementary to the EFCOG TROSSI process for security and safety integration created in 2006, which focuses on standardized upgrades to enable existing DOE facilities to meet a more severe design basis threat. A collaborative approach is suggested.

Download or read book Integration of Nuclear Safeguards Infrastructure Development with UNSCR 1540 Implementation Context and Challenges written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 28 April 2004, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1540 (2004), obliging States, inter alia, to refrain from supporting by any means non-State actors from developing, acquiring, manufacturing, possessing, transporting, transferring or using nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their delivery systems. It imposes binding obligations on all States to establish domestic controls to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, and their means of delivery, including by establishing appropriate controls over related materials. This mandate was extended an additional two years with the adoption of Resolution 1673 (2006) and an additional three years with the adoption of Resolution 1810 (2008). UNSCR 1540 is a key nonproliferation and counterterrorism tool that needs to be implemented well. Its obligations are a core part of nuclear infrastructure development.

Download or read book Nuclear Power and Energy Security written by Samuel Apikyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-10-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic logic is very simple. Countries around the globe have a need for more electrical generating capacity because of increases in population and increases in energy use per capita. The needs are constrained by the requirement that the ba- load energy source be economical, secure, and not emit climate-changing gases. Nuclear power fits this description. Therefore, many countries that have not had a nuclear power program (or only had a small program) see a need to develop one in the future. However, the development of a national nuclear energy program is not so simple. The purpose of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nuclear Power and Energy Security was to contribute to our understanding of how these programs might evolve. The workshop took place 26–29 May 2009 in Yerevan, Armenia. Approximately 50 participants discussed the infrastructure that is needed and some of the reactor options that might be considered. The papers in this book helped define the discussion that took place. The infrastructure that is needed includes a legal framework, a functioning regulator, a plan for waste disposal, a plan for emergency response, etc. These needs were explained and just as importantly, it was explained what international, bilateral, and regional cooperation is available. Although there were many co- tries represented, the Armenian experience was of particular interest because of where the meeting was located. The papers on reactor options covered both innovative and evolutionary designs.

Download or read book Nuclear Law written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book traces the journey of nuclear law: its origins, how it has developed, where it is now, and where it is headed. As a discipline, this highly specialized body of law makes it possible for us to benefit from the life-saving applications of nuclear science and technology, including diagnosing cancer as well as avoiding and mitigating the effects of climate change. This book seeks to give readers a glimpse into the future of nuclear law, science and technology. It intends to provoke thought and discussion about how we can maximize the benefits and minimize the risks inherent in nuclear science and technology. This compilation of essays presents a global view in discipline as well as in geography. The book is aimed at representatives of governments -- including regulators, policymakers and lawmakers -- as well representatives of international organizations and the legal and insurance sectors. It will be of interest to all those keen to better understand the role of law in enabling the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear technology around the world. The contributions in this book are written by leading experts, including the IAEA's Director General, and discuss the four branches of nuclear law -- safety, security, safeguards and nuclear liability -- and the interaction of nuclear law with other fields of national and international law.

Download or read book Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Security Interface written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nuclear safety and nuclear security share the same goal: to protect individuals, the public and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. However, the activities that address nuclear safety and nuclear security are different, and actions taken to strengthen nuclear safety may affect nuclear safety and nuclear security positively or negatively, and vice versa. It is therefore essential to establish a well coordinated approach to managing the interface between nuclear safety and nuclear security so that relevant measures are implemented in a manner that aims to capitalize on opportunities that may be available for mutual enhancement without compromising either nuclear safety or nuclear security. The responsibility for nuclear safety and nuclear security within a State rests entirely with that State. In this context, the importance of international cooperation and the central role of the IAEA is widely recognized. The IAEA assists Member States in establishing or strengthening their nuclear safety infrastructure as well as their nuclear security infrastructure. In addition, it provides support to establish synergy between both infrastructures to ensure that actions taken in the two fields compliment rather than compromise each other. The interface between nuclear safety and nuclear security is highlighted in IAEA safety standards and nuclear security guidance. This publication was developed from the exchange of information, experiences and practices by participating Member States at the IAEA Technical Meeting on Safety and Security Interface -- Approaches and National Experiences, held in Vienna in 2018. The information presented in this publication summarizes the views expressed by the participants during the technical meeting; it is not a consensus report" --from the Foreword.

Download or read book Nuclear Infrastructure Protection and Homeland Security written by Frank R. Spellman and published by Government Institutes. This book was released on 2011-01-16 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts agree, though it is already important, nuclear power will soon be critical to the maintenance of contemporary society. With the heightened importance of nuclear energy comes a heightened threat of terrorism. The possibility of nuclear energy infrastructure terrorism-that is, the use of weapons to cause damage to the nuclear energy industrial sector, which would have widespread, devastating effects-is very real. In Nuclear Infrastructure Protection and Homeland Security, authors Frank R. Spellman and Melissa L. Stoudt present all the information needed for nuclear infrastructure employers and employees to handle security threats they must be prepared to meet. The book focuses on three interrelated nuclear energy infrastructure segments: nuclear reactors, radioactive materials, and nuclear waste. It presents common-sense methodologies in a straightforward manner, so the text is accessible even to those with little experience with nuclear energy who are nonetheless concerned about the protection of our nuclear infrastructure. Important safety and security principles are outlined, along with security measures that can be implemented to ensure the safety of nuclear facilities.

Download or read book Fundamental Issues Critical to the Success of Nuclear Projects written by Joseph Boucau and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-10-23 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental Issues Critical to the Success of Nuclear Projects presents a complete analysis of the core considerations for those deploying nuclear power plants, managing existing plants, and also for those developing and building new plants. It includes critical considerations, such as cost-estimation, safety procedures, and regulatory compliance, manpower optimization and development, and the application of innovative technologies, such as the use of robotics. Those important issues have been addressed in a systematic way, and explanations have been provided on how the nuclear industry has continuously found solutions to mitigate and eventually solve them properly. Discusses innovative technologies being implemented in international nuclear plants to improve efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness in new, existing, and decommissioned nuclear power plants Provides guidance on difficult cost estimation for nuclear projects, as well as safety procedures, legislation, and regulatory compliance both inside and outside of the United States Considers the future of nuclear energy and analyses the challenges ahead for a sustainable nuclear energy future

Download or read book Objective and Essential Elements of a State s Nuclear Security Regime written by [Anonymus AC10837733] and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This IAEA Nuclear Security Series publication provides nuclear security fundamentals, recommendations, and supporting guidance for Member States to assist them in implementing new nuclear security regimes, or in reviewing and if necessary strengthening existing ones. The IAEA Nuclear Security Series also serves as guidance for Member States with respect to their activities in relation to binding and non-binding international instruments. The Nuclear Security Fundamentals are the primary publication in the IAEA Nuclear Security Series, and set out the objective of an effective national nuclear security regime and essential elements of such a regime. They are aimed at national policy makers, legislative bodies, competent authorities, institutions, and individuals involved in the establishment, implementation, maintenance or sustainability of a State's nuclear security regime."--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Infrastructure and Methodologies for the Justification of Nuclear Power Programmes written by Agustin Alonso and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-19 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential development of any nuclear power programme should include a rigorous justification process reviewing the substantial regulatory, economic and technical information necessary for implementation, given the long term commitments involved in any new nuclear power project. Infrastructure and methodologies for the justification of nuclear power programmes reviews the fundamental issues and approaches to nuclear power justification in countries considering nuclear new build or redevelopment.Part one covers the infrastructure requirements for any new nuclear power programme, with chapters detailing the role and responsibilities of government, regulatory bodies and nuclear operator and the need for human resources and technical capability at the national level. Part two focuses on issues relevant to the justification process, including nuclear safety, radiation protection and emergency planning. Current designs and advanced reactors and radioactive waste management are also considered, along with the economic, social and environmental impacts of nuclear power development. Part three reviews the development of nuclear power programme, from nuclear power plant site selection and licensing, through construction and operation, and on to decommissioning. Finally, a series of valuable appendices detail the UK experience of justification, nuclear safety culture and training, and the multinational design evaluation programme (MDEP).With its distinguished editor and expert team of contributors, Infrastructure and methodologies for the justification of nuclear power programmes is an essential reference for international and national stakeholders in this field, particularly governmental, non-governmental and regulatory bodies, nuclear power operators and consultants. Offers a comprehensive analysis of the infrastructure and methodologies required to justify the creation of nuclear power programmes in any country Provides coverage of the main issues and potential benefit linked to nuclear power Reviews the implementation of a nuclear power programme with particular reference to the requirements and methods involved in construction

Download or read book Implementing Safeguards by Design written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Improving the Safeguardability of Nuclear Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of a Safeguards-by-Design (SBD) process for new nuclear facilities has the potential to reduce security risks and proliferation hazards while improving the synergy of major design features and raising operational efficiency, in a world where significant expansion of nuclear energy use may occur. Correspondingly, the U.S. DOE's Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) includes objectives to contribute to international efforts to develop SBD, and to apply SBD in the development of new U.S. nuclear infrastructure. Here, SBD is defined as a structured approach to ensure the timely, efficient and cost effective integration of international safeguards and other nonproliferation barriers with national material control and accountability, physical protection, and safety objectives into the overall design process for a nuclear facility, from initial planning through design, construction and operation. The SBD process, in its simplest form, may be applied usefully today within most national regulatory environments. Development of a mature approach to implementing SBD requires work in the areas of requirements definition, design processes, technology and methodology, and institutionalization. The U.S. efforts described in this paper are supportive of SBD work for international safeguards that has recently been initiated by the IAEA with the participation of many stakeholders including member States, the IAEA, nuclear technology suppliers, nuclear utilities, and the broader international nonproliferation community.