Download or read book NOx reduction in coal combustion written by G. J. Hesselman and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology for the Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Coal Fired Boilers written by Gene Knight and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-08 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Coal Technology Demo. Program (CCTDP) is an effort to demonstrate a new generation of innovative coal utilization processes in a series of facilities built across the country. These projects are carried out on a commercial scale to prove technical feasibility and provide the info. required for future applications. Projects have demonstrated technical options with the potential to meet the needs of energy markets while satisfying environ. requirements. Part of this program is the demo. of technologies designed to reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from existing coal-fired utility boilers. This report summarizes the status of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology for the control of NOx emissions from high-sulfur, coal-fired boilers. Illus.
Download or read book Emissions Reduction written by A. Tomita and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-12-18 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade the topic of emissions reduction and control has remained an important area of research due to the enforcement of various Government policies in an attempt to minimize the impact on the environment. One area in which a great deal of research has been conducted to address this policy is NOx/SOx suppression. However, despite the progress that has been made over this time period, further research into the most effective method of reducing NOx/SOx emissions is still urgently required. In developed countries, a more stringent requirement in the level of emissions (such as is NOx/SOx component of less than 10ppm) will be enforced in the near future. Developing countries will also need a new technology that is effective and that is suited to each countries needs. Additional research and development efforts are thus necessary to meet such requirements. This compendium contains a collection of key papers themed around NOx/SOx emissions from combustion of hydrocarbon resources and the attempts to secure an efficient and effective method for reducing these emissions. These key papers are taken from the journals Fuel, Fuel Processing Technology and Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.
Download or read book Feasibility and NOx Reduction Potential of Flameless Oxidation in Pulverised Coal Combustion written by Dragisa Ristic and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-10-30 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1990, the flameless oxidation technology has been successfully proven as low-NOx combustion technology for gaseous hydrocarbon fuels, and the recent application of this technology to solid fuels such as pulverised coal has also become an area of interest. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the feasibility and the potential of the flameless oxidation technology in the pulverised coal combustion. Firstly, the experimental studies on pulverised coal flameless oxidation process are conducted at a bench-scale test facility (5 to 10 kWth). In the next step, a suitable burner design in a pilot scale of approximately 300 kWth is developed, built up and experimentally studied. Detailed exhaust gas and inflame measurements of the temperature and, main species are carried out in order to address the specific aspects of pulverised coal flameless oxidation. Furthermore, to indicate the relevant NOx reduction mechanisms in the pulverised coal flameless oxidation process. In contrast to the conventional pulverised coal combustion, which has luminous and aerodynamically stabilised flames, the flameless oxidation combustion process has been achieved without a clearly visible flame. In the pulverised coal flameless oxidation mode, intensive internal recirculation is enhanced by a high injection velocity of the combustion air, and thus dilutes the combustion zone and heats up the coal particles in the primary pyrolysis zone. Once the coal particles are rapidly heated up, the processes of pyrolysis and volatile matter release are facilitated. Consequently, local reducing zone is formed, devolatilisation is enhanced, ignition delay is suppressed, combustion stability is improved and NOx emissions are reduced remarkably. A high internal recirculation of the oxygen-lean hot combustion products into the primary pyrolysis zone promotes an early devolatilisation and a decrease in ignition delay, which are two important factors for NOx reduction processes. Hence, a valuable potential of pulverised coal flameless oxidation is in the improved homogeneous gas phase kinetics and an enhanced homogeneous NO reburning mechanism. Besides NO reduction in the homogeneous gas phase, it is indicated that the NO reduction on the char surface in the heterogeneous and homogeneous gas phases is important as well, i.e. char NO reduction reaction and catalytic reduction of NO by CO on the char surface, in the pulverised coal flameless oxidation. As an overall conclusion, the PC FLOXTM (Pulverised Coal Flameless Oxidation) burner technology generally is evaluated as a perspective technology to provide low cost low NOx burners for utility boilers. Moreover, the PC FLOXTM burner technology offers the possibility of a lower cost alternative to the current approach of utilising SCR to enable power plants to meet current and future specific requirements on NOx emissions. However, despite all the advantages of this technology, it has been recognised that there are considerable technical challenges to the implementation of PC FLOXTM burners in utility boilers. High pressure loss in the main combustion air supply, boiler and burner design, arrangement of burners, start-up and shutdown procedures, etc. all require significant further work in order to bring the PC FLOXTM burner technology closer to the utility scale boilers.
Download or read book REDUCTION OF NOx EMISSION FROM COAL COMBUSTION THROUGH OXYGEN ENRICHMENT written by University of Wyoming Research Corporation. Western Research Institute and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BOC Process Gas Solutions and Western Research Institute (WRI) conducted a pilot-scale test program to evaluate the impact of oxygen enrichment on the emissions characteristics of pulverized coal. The combustion test facility (CTF) at WRI was used to assess the viability of the technique and determine the quantities of oxygen required for NOx reduction from coal fired boiler. In addition to the experimental work, a series of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were made of the CTF under comparable conditions. A series of oxygen enrichment test was performed using the CTF. In these tests, oxygen was injected into one of the following streams: (1) the primary air (PA), (2) the secondary air (SA), and (3) the combined primary and secondary air. Emission data were collected from all tests, and compared with the corresponding data from the baseline cases. A key test parameter was the burner stoichiometry ratio. A series of CFD simulation models were devised to mimic the initial experiments in which secondary air was enriched with oxygen. The results from these models were compared against the experimental data. Experimental evidence indicated that oxygen enrichment does appear to be able to reduce NOx levels from coal combustion, especially when operated at low over fire air (OFA) levels. The reductions observed however are significantly smaller than that reported by others (7-8% vs. 25-50%), questioning the economic viability of the technique. This technique may find favor with fuels that are difficult to burn or stabilize at high OFA and produce excessive LOI. While CFD simulation appears to predict NO amounts in the correct order of magnitude and the correct trend with staging, it is sensitive to thermal conditions and an accurate thermal prediction is essential. Furthermore, without development, Fluent's fuel-NO model cannot account for a solution sensitive fuel-N distribution between volatiles and char and thus cannot predict the trends seen in the experiment.
Download or read book Proposed Guidelines for the Control of Emissions from Coal fired Power Plants written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How Coal Properties Influence Emissions written by Robert M. Davidson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reburning Technologies for the Control of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Coal Fired Boilers written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides NOx why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of SOx and NOx Reduction Processes in Pulverized Coal Furnaces written by and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT The current work briefly reviews the formation mechanisms and reduction approaches of the pollutants SOx and NOx in coal combustion and focuses on the simulation of the lower-cost in-furnace measures ƒ{ the dry additive process (DAP) for SOx reduction and the reburning as well as the advanced reburning (hybrid reburning/SNCR) techniques for NOx reduction. In addition, the influence of sulfur compounds on NOx formation is investigated. The major workings include: Simulation of the dry additive desulfurization process (DAP): Different models ƒ{ shrinking core model (SCM), pore model (PM) and grain model (GM) ƒ{ are implemented to describe the gas-particle reaction. Relevant processes such as the sintering of the additive, the self-retention by coal ash, the thermal equilibrium of the sulfation reaction are accounted for and modeled. A comprehensive model for the DAP with calcium based additives is subsequently established and integrated into a combustion CFD (computational fluid dynamics) code AIOLOS, in both Eulerian and Lagrangian schemes. The model is verified with experiments on a test reactor. Mechanism reduction and simulation of reburning/SNCR Processes: A method for reduction of kinetic mechanisms is introduced. A program tool is developed for automatic reduction of detailed reaction mechanisms. Reduced mechanisms for reburning and hybrid reburning/SNCR processes are developed and implemented into the CFD code. CFD-calculations with the reduced mechanisms are performed and compared with experimental measurements to comprehensively evaluate the simulation approach. It is shown that the detailed simulation is capable of modeling the complex reburning and SNCR processes with acceptable computing time and achieves reasonable results in wide parameter ranges. Study of the influence of sulfur compounds on NOx formation: The effect of SO2 on NOx formation is experimentally investigated and analysed with kinetic mechanisms. It is indicated that the presence of SO2 inhabits the NOx formation and reduce the NOx emissions in normal air-rich combustion. Under air-staging conditions, SO2 addition has no obvious influence on the final NOx emissions.
Download or read book Nitrogen Oxides Control Technology Fact Book written by and published by Noyes Publications. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes international technologies for controlling NOx emissions, primarily from coal combustion. Over 115 control systems are documented with, as available, system descriptions, process applications, pollution reduction capability, system diagram, supplier/manufacturer.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOx Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOx Control written by J. Edward Cichanowicz and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NOx Emissions from Coal Combustion written by Lesley L. Sloss and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen Oxides from Coal Combustion written by Irene Smith and published by London : IEA Coal Research. This book was released on 1980 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxygen Enhanced Combustion written by Charles E. Baukal Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion-new technologies that produce oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include less pollutant emissi
Download or read book Innovative Clean Coal Technology 500 MW Demonstration of Advanced Wall fired Combustion Techniques for the Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide NOx Emissions from Coal fired Boilers Final Report Phases 1 3B written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Innovative Clean Coal Technology (ICCT) project demonstrating advanced wall-fired combustion techniques for the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from coal-fired boilers. The project was conducted at Georgia Power Company's Plant Hammond Unit 4 located near Rome, Georgia. The technologies demonstrated at this site include Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation's advanced overfire air system and Controlled Flow/Split Flame low NOx burner. The primary objective of the demonstration at Hammond Unit 4 was to determine the long-term effects of commercially available wall-fired low NOx combustion technologies on NOx emissions and boiler performance. Short-term tests of each technology were also performed to provide engineering information about emissions and performance trends. A target of achieving fifty percent NOx reduction using combustion modifications was established for the project. Short-term and long-term baseline testing was conducted in an[open-quotes]as-found[close-quotes] condition from November 1989 through March 1990. Following retrofit of the AOFA system during a four-week outage in spring 1990, the AOFA configuration was tested from August 1990 through March 1991. The FWEC CF/SF low NOx burners were then installed during a seven-week outage starting on March 8, 1991 and continuing to May 5, 1991. Following optimization of the LNBs and ancillary combustion equipment by FWEC personnel, LNB testing commenced during July 1991 and continued until January 1992. Testing in the LNB+AOFA configuration was completed during August 1993. This report provides documentation on the design criteria used in the performance of this project as it pertains to the scope involved with the low NOx burners and advanced overfire systems.
