Download or read book Novel Treatment Strategies for Glioblastoma written by Stanley Stylli and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of articles that brings together current knowledge from an international team of contributors who are dedicated investigators exploring novel strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma. These articles describe some of the latest concepts that will provide students, researchers and clinicians with an overview of the therapeutic approaches being developed in the field of neuro-oncology to combat this deadly disease.
Download or read book Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma written by Mostafa Khairy and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glioblastoma has a devastating prognosis, and a remarkably low survival rate. Current therapeutic strategies including surgery, radiation and temozolomide are only useful as a palliative therapy, with no significant increase in overall survival. In this study, we investigated multiple therapeutic approaches, both as a new main treatment and as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to radiation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation is an important epigenetic mechanism for controlling gene expression and DNA repair. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are controlled by two classes of enzymes: Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and Histone deacetylases (HDACs). Histone acetylation occurs on the lysine residues of histones, which neutralizes the lysine positive charge, leading to weakening of the electrostatic attraction between those residues and DNA. This induces a less condensed chromatin condition, which enhances the accessibility of DNA binding proteins to DNA. We postulated that the inhibition of histone acetylation will increase the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to radiation. In the first part of my thesis, I used immunofluorescence microscopy to examine the effect of HAT inhibition on chromatin condensation and DNA double strand breaks after radiation, with no significant effect observed. HATs use acetyl CoA as the substrate for histone acetylation. Acetyl CoA is produced in the cell through various metabolic pathways, which include glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine metabolism. It has been reported that the acetyl CoA that is used for histone acetylation comes mainly from glucose metabolism in a panel of colorectal, prostate, glioblastoma and breast cancer cell lines. In the second part of my thesis, I investigated the effect of glucose concentrations in culture media on histone H3 and histone H4 acetylation, with the goal of controlling histone acetylation with glucose concentration and determining the impact on DNA repair. However, glucose concentration in the media had no effect histone acetylation. Finally, in the third part of my thesis, I examined whether tumor selective energy deprivation using 'ketogenic diet' culture media might affect the growth of glioblastoma cells. Research from different labs showed that glioblastoma cells have impaired mitochondrial function, and less active OXCT1 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase 1, leaving them with a disrupted ability to metabolize a ketogenic diet. We saw this as a therapeutic window opportunity, with a ketogenic diet affecting energy production in glioblastoma cells but not affecting the normal cells in the brain. Our results indicated that both healthy tissue and glioblastoma cells were unable to use the ketogenic diet for energy production. Therefore, we did not pursue this approach.Finally, in the last part of my thesis, I evaluated sulforaphane, a natural product that occurs in broccoli sprouts, as a new therapeutic approach for glioblastoma, for its anti-cancer properties. I found that sulforaphane exerted a cytotoxic effect on both U251 and U87 cells in a dose responsive manner. In addition, sulforaphane showed anti-invasion in U87 cells and cell cycle inhibition effects in U251 glioblastoma cells. Sulforaphane, however, did not enhance radiation cytotoxicity using the alamarBlue cytotoxicity assay. In conclusion, we believe that sulforaphane is a good candidate for in vivo studies and further research for glioblastoma therapy. In conclusion, in this thesis we investigated different strategies to increase the efficacy of radiation treatment in glioblastoma therapy. The methods we used included HAT inhibition, changing the glucose concentration to affect histone acetylation, ketogenic diet media and sulforaphane. Among these, only sulforaphane showed cytotoxic, anti-invasive and cell cycle inhibition effects on glioblastoma cells. For future directions, we plan to test sulforaphane synergy with radiation.
Download or read book Glioblastoma written by Swapan K. Ray and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-31 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glioblastoma is the most malignant brain tumor that still remains incurable. It is such a deadly disease that patients do not survive more than a few months after diagnosis. Our understanding of the histopathology and molecular mechanisms of formation of glioblastoma is rapidly advancing so as to provide us clues for devising rational therapeutic strategies for treatment of this malignancy. It is important that we continue to improve our knowledge about the pathogenesis of this devastating disease and explore new areas to find successful therapeutic strategies. Various approaches such as sophisticated imaging techniques, improved surgical procedures, ground-breaking strategies for radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy are being used for eradicating glioblastoma. Hopefully, this book will be an important source of information on glioblastoma and therefore be highly useful to the students, postdoctoral fellows, principal investigators, and clinicians involved in this field.
Download or read book Clinical Management and Evolving Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Patients with Brain Tumors written by Terry Lichtor and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dramatic increase in knowledge regarding the molecular biology of brain tumors has been established over the past few years, and this has lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for these patients. In this book a review of the options available for the clinical management of patients with these tumors are outlined. In addition advances in radiology both for pre-operative diagnostic purposes along with surgical planning are described. Furthermore a review of newer developments in chemotherapy along with the evolving field of photodynamic therapy both for intra-operative management and subsequent therapy is provided. A discussion of certain surgical management issues along with tumor induced epilepsy is included. Finally a discussion of the management of certain unique problems including brain metastases, brainstem glioma, central nervous system lymphoma along with issues involving patients with a brain tumor and pregnancy is provided.
Download or read book Novel Therapeutic Advances in Glioblastoma written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-22 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel Therapeutic Advances in Glioblastoma, Volume 151 in the International Review of Neurobiology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of topics, including Blood-brain barrier and pathophysiology of brain tumors, Promising strategies of glioblastoma treatment: personalized genotoxic therapy and stem cell transplantation, Extracellular matrix and biocompatible materials in glioblastoma treatment, Expression of Twist associated to microcirculation patterns of human glioma correlated with progression and survival of the patient, Advanced Multimodal Imaging in Differentiating Glioma Recurrence from Post-radiotherapy Changes, Advanced Multimodal Imaging in Differentiating Glioma Recurrence from Post-radiotherapy Changes, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the International Review of Neurobiology series Updated release includes the latest information on glioblastomas
Download or read book Glioma written by Ibrahim Omerhodzic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-01-16 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past three decades have been marked with huge enthusiasm from scientists and professionals in an effort to find a cure for glioma disease. Methods to confirm the kinds and grades of glioma have taken a path from classical macro- to microscopic pathohystological confirmation of tumors, through morphological-histological, molecular, and genetic diagnosis. Surgically, progress was made possible with the development and use of technological aids, for example neuronavigation, cortical mapping, electrocorticography, neuromonitoring, functional and intraoperative MRI, magnetoencephalography, etc. Great hope was placed on the extension of tumor resection and popular supratotal resection. Significant progress has been made generally in glioma treatment with the use of modern radiotherapy and new chemotherapeutics. What do we want to see for the future? By way of stem cells, a specific medicine will be produced, individualized for the particular patient, and by using a microcapsule it will be implanted into the brain zone affected by the tumor by way of robot surgery and injection needle. This is not at all an unrealistic expectation in the next decade or two.
Download or read book The establishment of a novel therapeutic approach in Glioblastoma multiforme written by Marie Nicole Krause and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Therapeutic Concepts in Targeting Glioma written by Faris Farassati and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-04-04 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel Therapeutic Concepts for Targeting Glioma offers a comprehensive collection of current information and the upcoming possibilities for designing new therapies for Glioma by an array of experts ranging from Cell Biologists to Oncologists and Neurosurgeons. A variety of topics cover therapeutic strategies based on Cell Signaling, Gene Therapy, Drug Therapy and Surgical methods providing the reader with a unique opportunity to expand and advance his knowledge of the field.
Download or read book Re Irradiation New Frontiers written by Carsten Nieder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, now in its second edition, provides a comprehensive overview of current re-irradiation strategies, with detailed discussion of re-irradiation methods, technical aspects, the role of combined therapy with anticancer drugs and hyperthermia, and normal tissue tolerance. In addition, disease specific chapters document recent clinical results and future research directions. All chapters from the first edition have been revised and updated to take account of the latest developments and research findings, including those from prospective studies. Due attention is paid to the exciting developments in the fields of proton irradiation and frameless image-guided ablative radiotherapy. The book documents fully how refined combined modality approaches and significant technical advances in radiation treatment planning and delivery have facilitated the re-irradiation of previously exposed volumes, allowing both palliative and curative approaches to be pursued at various disease sites. Professionals involved in radiation treatment planning and multimodal oncology treatment will find it to be an invaluable aid in understanding the benefits and limitations of re-irradiation and in designing prospective trials.
Download or read book Brain Tumors written by Ana Lucia Abujamra and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2011-08-23 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain Tumors: Current and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies focuses on tumor models, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, and on the new diagnostic and treatment strategies utilized to stage and treat this malignancy. A special section on immunotherapy and gene therapy provides the most up-to-date information on the pre-clinical and clinical advances of this therapeutic venue. Each chapter in Brain Tumors: Current and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies is authored by international experts with extensive experience in the areas covered.
Download or read book Improving the Standard of Care in Glioblastoma written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on improving the standard of care for patients with glioblastoma, the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor found in adults. Currently, patients with glioblastoma have a dismal prognosis due to the limited treatment options and their modest efficacy. In this thesis, the current standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma was evaluated. We can conclude that the limited benefit from treatment options for patients with glioblastoma provokes the urgent need for novel treatment strategies to improve the quality of life and survival of these patients (chapter 2). Furthermore, MRI is still considered as the most optimal imaging modality for the evaluation of treatment response and effects in glioblastoma. However, the research in this thesis emphasizes the current challenges in the accurate assessment of treatment response and disease progression in these patients (chapter 3). We can, therefore, conclude that additional imaging techniques, including MR imaging features, can provide valuable information on tumor biology, tumor extent and tumor progression. In addition, the research presented in this thesis identified promising novel therapeutic targets (i.e. XIAP, RRM2 and MAPK9) and warrants further investigation (chapter 4). Furthermore, the STELLAR study is exploring an innovative treatment approach with high-dose, intermittent sunitinib in recurrent glioblastoma and is currently enrolling patients (chapter 5). Lastly, based on our systematic review, we concluded that, in its current state, immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate limited efficacy in patients with glioblastoma or brain metastases (chapter 6).
Download or read book Brain Tumors written by Ana Lucia Abujamra and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2011-08-23 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain Tumors: Current and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies focuses on tumor models, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, and on the new diagnostic and treatment strategies utilized to stage and treat this malignancy. A special section on immunotherapy and gene therapy provides the most up-to-date information on the pre-clinical and clinical advances of this therapeutic venue. Each chapter in Brain Tumors: Current and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies is authored by international experts with extensive experience in the areas covered.
Download or read book Epitranscriptomic and Epigenetic Engineering as Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Glioma written by Sean Thomas Pianka and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glioma is the most common form of primary brain cancer and suffers from a paucity of efficacious therapies. Decades of research have successfully characterized glioma subtypes based on genetic, epigenetic, and molecular signatures that act as important prognostic indicators. Here, we present two novel approaches to designing therapeutics that convert malignant glioma and glioblastoma subtypes into more treatment-amenable subtypes. We first describe how the IDH1mut → D-2-HG ⊣ FTO axis establishes a unique epitranscriptomic profile that we term G-RAMP, which results in reduced tumor cell proliferation in both patient tumor samples and patient-derived gliomaspheres via inhibition of the anti-apoptotic regulator ATF5. G-RAMP was characterized using MeRIP-Seq unbiased screening of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) enrichment sites in IDH1mut gliomas, and small molecule inhibitors of FTO were employed to recapitulate IDH1mut growth phenotypes in more malignant IDH1wt lines. Our second approach utilized dCas9-DNMT3a epigenetic editing platforms to induce high-density methylation of the MGMT promoter and exon 1 region. MGMT methylation is a positive prognostic indicator in gliomas that predicts patient tumor responses to the standard-of-care antineoplastic agent temozolomide. We demonstrate that unmethylated MGMT gliomas can be converted to exhibit MGMT methylated profiles, which results in decreased expression of MGMT and enhanced sensitivity to temozolomide. The utilization of epitranscriptomic and epigenetic engineering approaches thus represent two novel means of effecting subtype conversions in glioma that demonstrate promising potential as neoadjuvant therapies.
Download or read book Using Screening Approaches to Identify Novel Therapeutic Agents for Glioblastoma written by Emma Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Irreversible Electroporation written by Boris Rubinsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-thermal irreversible electroporation is a new minimally invasive surgical p- cedure with unique molecular selectivity attributes – in fact it may be considered the first clinical molecular surgery procedure. Non-thermal irreversible electro- ration is a molecular selective mode of cell ablation that employs brief electrical fields to produce nanoscale defects in the cell membrane, which can lead to cell death, without an effect on any of the other tissue molecules. The electrical fields can be produced through contact by insertion of electrode needles around the undesirable tissue and non-invasively by electromagnetic induction. This new - dition to the medical armamentarium requires the active involvement and is of interest to clinical physicians, medical researchers, mechanical engineers, che- cal engineers, electrical engineers, instrumentation designers, medical companies and many other fields and disciplines that were never exposed in their training to irreversible electroporation or to a similar concept. This edited book is designed to be a comprehensive introduction to the field of irreversible electroporation to those that were not exposed or trained in the field before and can also serve as a reference manual. Irreversible electroporation is broad and interdisciplinary. Therefore, we have made an attempt to cover every one of the various aspects of the field from an introductory basic level to state of the art.
Download or read book New Techniques for Management of Inoperable Gliomas written by Michael E. Sughrue and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Techniques for Management of 'Inoperable' Gliomas radically challenges the assumption that certain gliomas cannot be removed with modern techniques, contesting stereotypical thinking and establishing new paradigms in the field. Gliomas are primary brain tumors which are often fatal. Recent data has demonstrated that despite the fact that surgery cannot cure gliomas, patient survival is substantially improved by removing as much of the tumor as possible. This fact has raised the imperative that neurologists try to improve techniques to bring surgical resection to as many patients as possible. This book brings new insights and technologies to the forefront, giving hope to patients. Provides the first comprehensive book to discuss techniques for removing gliomas that are traditionally deemed ‘inoperable’ Presents a great reference tool that challenges stereotypical thinking by offering techniques by innovative surgeons Includes chapters that are organized by different glioma types and surgery/techniques
Download or read book In Search for New Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma Multiforme written by Roba R. Sofi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
