Download or read book Novel Interaction of Herpes Simplex Virus1 HSV 1 Virion Host Shutoff VHS with Heat Shock Protein 70 HSP70 written by Ronen Elfassy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Outlook on HSV 1 Virion Host Shutoff VHS Protein Through Its Interactions with the Heat Shock 70 HSP70 Protein written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Beyond Host Shut off written by Christopher Cotter and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Virion Host Shutoff Protein written by Bradley M. Karr and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of the Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Protein VP16 in Viral Gene Expression Through Interactions with the Virion Host Shutoff Protein VHS and HCF 1 microform written by Jozo Knez and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2003 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1) VP16 transcriptionally activates viral immediate-early (IE) genes, through the formation of a multi-protein structure termed the VP16-induced complex (VIC). VIC is comprised of cellular transcription factors Oct-1 and HCF-1. In addition, VP16 is a pre-formed, structural protein that has a critical role in virion assembly. At least one aspect of its role at late times post-infection includes the downregulation of the virion host shutoff protein (vhs); which functions to indiscriminately degrade mRNA.
Download or read book Characterization and Packaging of the Herpes Simplex Type 1 Virion Host Shutoff Protein written by Mary Patterson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Herpes Simplex Virus Virion Host Shutoff Protein is Targeted to MRNA Cleavage Sites Through Interactions with Components of the Host Translational Apparatus written by Lora Ann Shiflett and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The virion host shutoff protein (Vhs) is a herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein involved in early shutoff of the host cell. It is a component of the infecting virion, located in the tegument region, that works by rapidly degrading both viral and cellular messenger RNA (mRNA). in vivo and within infected cells, Vhs is selective for degrading messenger RNA opposed to non-messenger RNA. This dissertation sought to examine Vhs cleavage of an mRNA that utilizes the cap-dependent scanning mechanism for translation initiation and to see if cleavage was connected to early events of translation initiation. mRNA encoding HSV-1 thymidine kinase (pBK2) was used for the majority of the experiments, and studies were designed to map the cut sites produced by Vhs in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) system. Additional experiments investigated whether Vhs was selective for degrading certain types of mRNAs over others, particularly IRES-containing mRNAs. Studies revealed that Vhs specifically cleaves pBK2 mRNA within the first 300 bases from the 5' cap, and these cut sites are close to and slightly upstream from the first three AUG codons of the sequence. The proximity of the cutting to the AUG codons led to speculations that early events of translation initiation might be involved in Vhs degradation of mRNA. This was found to be true, where data revealed that blocking early stages such as (1) recruitment of translation initiation factors to the 5' cap and/or (2) ATP hydrolysis RNA helicase activity important for unwinding RNA secondary structure and the scanning process hinder Vhs cleavage. However, blocking later stages of translation initiation only had a modest effect on RNase activity. Results also found that a 5' cap analog inhibits Vhs site-specific cleavage of mRNA at regions near the 5' cap. Interestingly, a cap appears to be required for Vhs production of specific cleavage sites within the first 300 bases of the transcript. Work went on to study whether there was a difference between Vhs cleavage of circularized RNA that normally experiences cap-dependent scanning and circularized RNA that initiates translation in a cap-independent manner. Results indicated that Vhs requires a free 5' end for specific cleavage of mRNA that undergoes cap-dependent scanning. However, Vhs does not require a free 5' end to specifically cleave a circular RNA that utilizes cap-independent methods for translation initiation. Mutational work, with pBK2 mutants which contained mutations in or surrounding the AUG codon, further supported a mechanism for Vhs cleavage that involved Vhs association with the scanning complex to reach some of its preferred cut sites. Mutating the first AUG to a non-AUG inhibited Vhs specific cleavage of pBK2 mRNA at a region just upstream from the AUG codon. Additionally, mutating bases surrounding the AUG codon to put it in an optimal context enhanced cleavage at regions near the start codon. Inserting a stable hairpin near the 5' cap to block scanning also reduced Vhs cleavage at prominent sites within the first 300 bases of the transcript. To conclude, this work provides several indications that Vhs associates with components of the translational apparatus to access at least some of its cut sites.
Download or read book Gene Therapy written by Mauro Giacca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I entered the gene therapy field in the mid-1990s, being fascinated by the immense potential of genes as drugs for the treatment of human disease. Since then, I have experienced the ups and downs of this discipline, and tried to contribute with my work and that of my laboratory to the development of innovative approaches to the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. During these years, I have had several opp- tunities to speak on gene therapy at lectures and academic lessons, and have often noticed that the field is very attractive to scientists of all disciplines. However, as yet no comprehensive book on the subject has been published. Indeed, most books in the field are either a collection of gene transfer laboratory protocols or deal with the subject in a rather superficial manner. Hence the idea to write a gene therapy textbook that is broad and comprehensive, but at the same time provides sufficient molecular and clinical detail to be of interest to students, professors, and specialists in the various disciplines that contribute to gene therapy. I have tried to keep the language plain and, whenever possible, non-technical. Since the book is intended to be a textbook in the field of gene therapy in both the basic science and clinical areas, whenever technical descriptions are required, they are provided.
Download or read book Molecular Virology written by Susanne Modrow and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-09-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives a comprehensive overview on the knowledge of virus infection relevant for humans and animals. For each virus family the molecular details of the virus particle and the viral replication cycle are described. In the case of virus types with relevance for human and/or animal health the data on molecular biology, genetics and virus-cell interaction are combined with those concerning, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinics, prevention and therapy.
Download or read book Recombinant Virus Vaccines written by Maureen C. Ferran and published by Humana. This book was released on 2018-06-09 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides readers with methods and protocols for understanding the development of recombinant viruses and their use as vaccines platforms. Recombinant Virus Vaccines: Methods and Protocols details the use of recombinant vaccines that are employed to either produce immunogens in vitro or elicit antibody production in vivo. The chapters in this book are divided into four parts: Part I explores double-stranded DNA viruses; Part II discusses negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses; Part III talks about positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses; and Part IV describes bacteriophages. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and cutting-edge, Recombinant Virus Vaccines: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for scientists and clinicians who are interested in learning about and adopting methods for use in basic and biomedical research directed toward generating and developing recombinant viral vaccines.
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Biotechnology written by Carlos A. Guzmán and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-14 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology is a unique compilation of reviews addressing frontiers in biologicals as a rich source for innovative medicines. This book fulfills the needs of a broad community of scientists interested in biologicals from diverse perspectives—basic research, biotechnology, protein engineering, protein delivery, medicines, pharmaceuticals and vaccinology. The diverse topics range from advanced biotechnologies aimed to introduce novel, potent engineered vaccines of unprecedented efficacy and safety for a wide scope of human diseases to natural products, small peptides and polypeptides engineered for discrete prophylaxis and therapeutic purposes. Modern biologicals promise to dramatically expand the scope of preventive medicine beyond the infectious disease arena into broad applications in immune and cancer treatment, as exemplified by anti-EGFR receptors antibodies for the treatment of breast cancer. The exponential growth in biologicals such as engineered proteins and vaccines has been boosted by unprecedented scientific breakthroughs made in the past decades culminating in an in-depth fundamental understanding of the scientific underpinnings of immune mechanisms together with knowledge of protein and peptide scaffolds that can be deliberately manipulated. This has in turn led to new strategies and processes. Deciphering the human, mammalian and numerous pathogens’ genomes provides opportunities that never before have been available—identification of discrete antigens (genomes and antigenomes) that lend themselves to considerably improved antigens and monoclonal antibodies, which with more sophisticated engineered adjuvants and agonists of pattern recognition receptors present in immune cells, deliver unprecedented safety and efficacy. Technological development such a nanobiotechnologies (dendrimers, nanobodies and fullerenes), biological particles (viral-like particles and bacterial ghosts) and innovative vectors (replication-competent attenuated, replication-incompetent recombinant and defective helper-dependent vectors) fulfill a broad range of cutting-edge research, drug discovery and delivery applications. Most recent examples of breakthrough biologicals include the human papilloma virus vaccine (HPV, prevention of women genital cancer) and the multivalent Pneumoccocal vaccines, which has virtually eradicated in some populations a most prevalent bacterial ear infection (i.e., otitis media). It is expected that in the years to come similar success will be obtained in the development of vaccines for diseases which still represent major threats for human health, such as AIDS, as well as for the generation of improved vaccines against diseases like pandemic flu for which vaccines are currently available. Furthermore, advances in comparative immunology and innate immunity revealed opportunities for innovative strategies for ever smaller biologicals and vaccines derived from species such as llama and sharks, which carry tremendous potential for innovative biologicals already in development stages in many pharmaceutical companies. Such recent discoveries and knowledge exploitations hold the promise for breakthrough biologicals, with the coming decade. Finally, this book caters to individuals not directly engaged in the pharmaceutical drug discovery process via a chapter outlining discovery, preclinical development, clinical development and translational medicine issues that are critical the drug development process. The authors and editors hope that this compilation of reviews will help readers rapidly and completely update knowledge and understanding of the frontiers in pharmaceutical biotechnologies.
Download or read book Dendritic Cells written by Michael T. Lotze and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-08-20 with total page 851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic Cells, Second Edition is the new edition of the extremely successful book published in 1998. With the volume of literature on dendritic cells doubling every year, it is almost impossible to keep up. This book provides the most up-to-date synthesis of the literature, written by the very best authors. It is essential reading for any scientist working in immunology, cell biology, infectious diseases, cancer, transplantation, genetic engineering, or the pharmaceutical/biotechnology industry.An entirely new section on DC biology is included in this edition. Also new to this edition are chapters on: - Imaging - Interaction of dendritic cells with viruses - Dendritic cells and dendrikines, chemokines and the endothelium - Molecules expressed in dendritic cells - Role of dendritic cells in wound healing and atherosclerosis - Delivery of apoptotic bodies - Genetic engineering of dendritic cells - Imaging - Practical aspects of clinical protocol development
Download or read book Translation Mechanisms written by Jacques Lapointe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-31 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translation Mechanisms provides investigators and graduate students with overviews of recent developments in the field of protein biosynthesis that are fuelled by the explosive and synergic growth of structural biology, genomics, and bioinformatics. The outstanding progress in our understanding of the structure, dynamics, and evolution of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation machinery, as well as applications in medicine and biotechnology, are described in 26 chapters covering recent discoveries on: -the subtleties of tRNA aminoacylation with natural and unnatural amino acids. -the control of mRNA stability, a key step of gene regulation. -ribosome structure and function, in the era of the atomic-crystal resolution of the ribosome. -the regulation of the biosynthesis of the translational machinery components. -the action of a variety of inhibitors of translation and the prospect for clinical studies.
Download or read book Virus Induced Immunosuppression written by Steven Specter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now widely acknowledged that at the beginning of this century Claude von Pirquet first pointed out that a viral disease, i. e. , measles, resulted in an anergy or depression of preexisting immune response, namely, delayed continuous hypersensitivity to PPD derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thereafter ob servations that viral infections may result in immunosuppression have been recorded by many clinicians and infectious disease investigators for six or seven decades. Nevertheless, despite sporadic reports that infectious diseases caused by viruses may result in either transient or prolonged immunodepression, investigation of this phenomenon languished until the mid-1960s, when it was pointed out that a number of experimental retroviral infections of mice with tumor viruses may result in marked immunosuppression. However, it was not until the recognition of the new epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syn drome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and related vi ruses that acquired immunodeficiencies associated with virus infection became general knowledge among biomedical investigators as well as the lay public. A number of reviews published during the past decade or so pointed out that numerous viruses may affect humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, expanding knowledge about the nature and mechanisms of both humoral and cellular immunity and pathogenesis of viral infections has pro vided clinical and experimental models for investigating in depth how and why viruses of man and animals profoundly affect immune responses.
Download or read book Enteric Infections and Immunity written by Lois J. Paradise and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-05-31 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we approach the end of this millennium, enteric diseases remain impor tant public health problems. In many parts of the world, sanitary measures have advanced little over the last century, although some of the governments in those areas are striving to improve facilities for sanitation and to educate their people in proper handling of food, water, sewage, and other modes of transmission of pathogenic microbes. Even in highly developed countries, outbreaks of diarrheal diseases occur today. Globally, the annual morbidity from enteric infections is estimated at several billion and deaths at several million per year. In this volume, descriptions of some of these diseases, of immunity that results from them, of clinical studies that promote under standing of individual and community immunity, of molecular factors of pathogenesis, and/or of advances in vaccine development have been pro vided by leading researchers. At present, the application of molecular methods is enhancing the identification of protective antigens of many microorganisms. In addition, new methods for design and delivery of vac cines are being devised. Perhaps then more effective tools for reducing at least some of these diseases will be available within the next decade. Lois J. Paradise Herman Friedman Mauro Bendinelli vii Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv LOIS J. PARADISE 1. Indigenous Microorganisms as a Host Defense 1 KENNETH H. WILSON 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Composition of Intestinal Biota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Molecular Approaches to Determine Composition of the Biota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Role of the Host in Determining the Composition of the Biota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Download or read book Experimental Psychopharmacology written by Andrew J. Greenshaw and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1987-04-07 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychopharmacology may be defined as the study of the effects of drugs on behavior. As an established scientific discipline, this is a relatively new area of research. Despite its short history, however, psychopharmacology has achieved a considerable degree of sophistication in the variety of experi mental approaches that are currently employed. Consequently, the interpretation of data accumulated through the use of various experimental laboratory techniques has become increasingly difficult and complex. Numerous excelIent texts and review articles are available that serve to outline recent progress in psychopharmacology (particularly the Handbook of Psychopharmacology series, edited by L. L. Iversen, S. D. Iversen, and S. H. Synder). Volumes such as these serve to usefully review the available litera ture without attempting a critical appraisal of the utility and limitations of methods and the difficulties of interpreting empirical data. Such conceptual and methodological problems are now an issue of paramount importance in studying the behavioral effects of drugs. The present volume can be regarded as a "conceptual cookbook" that examines the utility and limitations of various experimental approaches commonly taken in psychopharmacology. This practically oriented text should prove particularly useful for pharmacologists and neurochemists who have no formal training in behavioral research and require an intro duction to the actuallaboratory practice of the field. In addition, the useful and informative treatment of current issues in psychopharmacology will undoubtedly appeal to the majority of active researchers.
Download or read book Foamy Viruses written by Axel Rethwilm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-05-12 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aberrant replication pathway of foamy viruses distinguishes them from all other retroviruses. Many details have been accumulated over the past ten or so years. Most of the findings on foamy viruses were obtained by research on a single virus isolate previously called "human foamy virus", which appeared to be the first to be investigated on a molecular level. However, to the editor's knowledge, genuine human foamy viruses do not exist, but several trans-species transmissions of different simian foamy viruses from monkeys and apes to human hosts.
