Download or read book Nonparametric Measurement of Productivity Growth and Technical Change written by Subhash C. Ray and published by Now Publishers. This book was released on 2024-08-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonparametric Measurement of Productivity Growth and Technical Change explains how to isolate technical progress, scale effects, and efficiency changes as three distinct components of productivity change measured empirically using the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Section 2 provides a brief theoretical background, starting from the production possibility set, listing the basic assumptions about the reference technology, and defining the Shephard output and input distance functions, as well as technical change as shifts in the frontier of the production possibility set. Section 3 demonstrates how total factor productivity can be measured and decomposed into technical change, technical efficiency change, and scale effects using parametrically specified production, cost, profit, or distance functions. Section 4 explains the nonparametric method of DEA and formulates appropriate models for measuring input- or output-oriented technical efficiency, cost efficiency, and profit efficiency. Section 5 considers productivity change in discrete time. Section 6 explains the relationship between alternative productivity indexes and the Luenberger productivity indicator. Finally, Section 7 concludes with a summary and acknowledges several important topics related to the nonparametric measurement of productivity change not covered in this monograph, including the explicit accommodation of random noise in the DEA models, accounting for bad outputs, and the aggregation of firm-level measures of productivity change for comparison across groups.
Download or read book Parametric and Nonparametric Measures of State level Productivity Growth and Technical Change in U S Agriculture written by Albert Kow Andze Acquaye and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Measurement of Productive Efficiency written by Harold O. Fried and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1993-04-22 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work focuses on measuring and explaining producer performance. The authors view performance as a function of the state of technology and economic efficiency, with the former defining a frontier relation between inputs and outputs; the former incorporating waste and misallocation relative to this frontier. They show that insights can be gained by allowing for the possibility of a divergence between the economic objective and actual performance, and by associating this inefficiency with causal variables subject to managerial or policy influence. Derived from a series of lectures held on techniques and applications of the three approaches to the construction of production frontiers and measure of efficiency, this work will be an essential reference to scholars of a variety of disciplines who are involved with quantitative methods or policy.
Download or read book Different approaches for estimation of total factor productivity written by Veerabhadrappa Bellundagi and published by Amazon Publishers, USA. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Total-factor productivity (TFP) is a variable which accounts for effects in total output not caused by traditionally measured inputs of labour and capital. If all inputs are accounted for, then total factor productivity can be taken as a measure of an economy’s long-term technological change or technological dynamism, scale of economies and efficiency.TFP is regarded as the more accurate productivity measure than the partial productivity measure. The broader the coverage of resources, the better is the productivity measure. The best measure is one that compares output with the combined use of all resources” (Chandel, 2007). TFP is the change in output relative to a weighted combination of all inputs, where the weights are factor shares. Some authors also define TFP as contribution of non-traditional inputs to output. For example non inputs were technology, irrigation, infrastructure, managerial skills and so on.The calculated TFP is decomposed in to a) Scale of economies b) Technical change and c) Residual or Efficiency or Management to know the contribution of non-conventional inputs to the output growth.There are different approaches for estimation of TFP, such as Production function approach, Growth accounting approach and Non-Parametric approach.World ScenarioCoelli, et al., 2003, conducted a study on Total Factor Productivity growth in Agriculture: A Malmquist index analysis of 93 Countries. The results shown that, Asia as a region posted the highest TFP growth of 2.9 percent followed by North America (consisting of USA and Canada), Australasia, Europe, Africa and South America. South America has posted the lowest growth rate of 0.6 per cent followed by Africa with 1.3 per cent growth in TFP. A surprising result is that over the period 1980-2000. The results on continent-level information for six regions revealed that, the largest difference occurs for South and Central America, where the average TFP growth measure increases from 0.6 percent to 1.5 per cent per annum.Country ScenarioChand et al., 2011, estimated average annual TFP growth for the major crops cultivated in India. Among cereals, wheat experienced the highest growth in TFP index during the three decades from 1975 to 2005. Among pulses, the TFP growth was estimated to be 0.5 per cent for moong, followed by gram (0.2 per cent). TFP for Arhar and Urad crops displayed a decline over the past three decades. The TFP is a useful indicator of changes in long-term productivity. The TFP growth (TFPG) in the oilseed sector varied in the range 0.7-0.8 per cent per annum.An attempt was made to analyze the TFP of ragi in Karnataka. The results shown that, TFP for ragi increased from 1.17 during 1999 to 1.81 in 2013. The TFP fell to 0.61 in 2011 and 0.67 in 2008 due to drought during that period. The highest TFP index was observed in 2007-08 (2.18). The average TFP index for 15 years was 1.12.The output index of ragi increased from 1.40 in 1999 to 1.79 in 2013. The average input index of ragi was 1.14 for fifteen years.Suresh, K. 2013, conducted a study on Economic impact of public sector agricultural research in ragi and redgram in Karnataka. The results revealed that, the Total Factor Productivity index of redgram grew at the rate of 3.31 per cent per annum and that of ragi grew at 4.75 per cent per annum. Thus, Public research significantly contributed to TFP growth in ragi.ConclusionTotal factor productivity can be estimated by different approaches. In growth accounting approach the tornqvist-thiel index is commonly used which is based on translog production function. The TFP decomposition analysis helps to identify factors which influence the total factor productivity growth. The results of the decomposition analysis indicate which variable contribute to growth in productivity. This will enable policy makers to suggest plan and programmes to achieve total factor productivity growth.
Download or read book Decomposition of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Nonparametric Framework written by Biresh Sahoo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An attempt is first made in this paper to illustrate in nonparametric framework the decomposition of total factor productivity growth (TFPG) into technical change and efficiency change. Färe et al. (1994) measure TFPG by taking geometric mean of two Malmquist indexes proposed by Caves et al. (1982), assuming that these two indexes are very different from each other. We have, however, shown that these two indexes are, in fact, the one and same for the case of constant returns to scale (CRS) technology involving single input and single output. In case of multi-input and output CRS technology, the productivity estimates of these two indexes are broadly similar. Our empirical results based on Indian Sunrise industries data indicate that the transition period of economic liberalization experiences high productivity decay despite high technical progress, suggesting bold policy decisions required by Government to bring changes in institutional and environmental climate to increase productivity by reducing inefficiency for the time to come.
Download or read book The Measurement of Productive Efficiency and Productivity Growth written by Harold O. Fried and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Harold Fried, et al. published The Measurement of Productive Efficiency: Techniques and Applications with OUP in 1993, the book received a great deal of professional interest for its accessible treatment of the rapidly growing field of efficiency and productivity analysis. The first several chapters, providing the background, motivation, and theoretical foundations for this topic, were the most widely recognized. In this tight, direct update, these same editors have compiled over ten years of the most recent research in this changing field, and expanded on those seminal chapters. The book will guide readers from the basic models to the latest, cutting-edge extensions, and will be reinforced by references to classic and current theoretical and applied research. It is intended for professors and graduate students in a variety of fields, ranging from economics to agricultural economics, business administration, management science, and public administration. It should also appeal to public servants and policy makers engaged in business performance analysis or regulation.
Download or read book Non Parametric Measurement of Productivity Growth Under Variable Capacity Utilization written by Panos Fousekis and published by . This book was released on 200? with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring Total Factor Productivity Technical Change and the Rate of Returns to Research and Development written by Sang V. Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Production Economics written by Subhash C. Ray and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-02 with total page 1797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-volume handbook includes state-of-the-art surveys in different areas of neoclassical production economics. Volumes 1 and 2 cover theoretical and methodological issues only. Volume 3 includes surveys of empirical applications in different areas like manufacturing, agriculture, banking, energy and environment, and so forth.
Download or read book New Developments in Productivity Analysis written by Charles R. Hulten and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The productivity slowdown of the 1970s and 1980s and the resumption of productivity growth in the 1990s have provoked controversy among policymakers and researchers. Economists have been forced to reexamine fundamental questions of measurement technique. Some researchers argue that econometric approaches to productivity measurement usefully address shortcomings of the dominant index number techniques while others maintain that current productivity statistics underreport damage to the environment. In this book, the contributors propose innovative approaches to these issues. The result is a state-of-the-art exposition of contemporary productivity analysis. Charles R. Hulten is professor of economics at the University of Maryland. He has been a senior research associate at the Urban Institute and is chair of the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Michael Harper is chief of the Division of Productivity Research at the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Edwin R. Dean, formerly associate commissioner for Productivity and Technology at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is adjunct professor of economics at The George Washington University.
Download or read book Advances in Efficiency and Productivity Analysis written by Christopher F. Parmeter and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-21 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume examines the state-of-the-art of productivity and efficiency analysis. It brings together a selection of the best papers from the 10th North American Productivity Workshop. By analyzing world-wide perspectives on challenges that local economies and institutions may face when changes in productivity are observed, readers can quickly assess the impact of productivity measurement, productivity growth, dynamics of productivity change, measures of labor productivity, measures of technical efficiency in different sectors, frontier analysis, measures of performance, industry instability and spillover effects. The contributions in this volume focus on the theory and application of economics, econometrics, statistics, management science and operational research related to problems in the areas of productivity and efficiency measurement. Popular techniques and methodologies including stochastic frontier analysis and data envelopment analysis are represented. Chapters also cover broader issues related to measuring, understanding, incentivizing and improving the productivity and performance of firms, public services, and industries.
Download or read book Aggregation Efficiency and Measurement written by Rolf Färe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-02 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together leading scholars to make connections between efficiency and a number of diverse areas of current interest to economists. Included are new results concerning aggregation of technical efficiency, sources of productivity growth in U.S. manufacturing, intellectual property rights, and the determinants of successful mergers.
Download or read book The Economic Concept and Measurement of Productivity Productivity Growth and Technological Change written by Brian Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Productivity Technology and Economic Growth written by Bart van Ark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Productivity, Technology and Economic Growth presents a selection of recent research advances on long term economic growth. While the contributions stem from both economic history, macro- and microeconomics and the economics of innovation, all papers depart from a common viewpoint: the key factor behind long term growth is productivity, and the latter is primarily driven by technological change. Most contributions show implicitly or explicitly that technological change is at least partly dependent on growth itself. Furthermore, technology appears to interact strongly with investment in physical and human capital as well as with changes in historical, political and institutional settings. Together these papers are an up-to-date account of the remarkable convergence in theoretical and empirical work on productivity and growth over the past decades. The first part deals with the characteristics of growth regimes over longer periods, ranging from 20 years to two centuries. The next four chapters study the determinants of productivity growth and, in some cases, productivity slowdown during the last quarter of the twentieth century. The final five chapters focus on the role of technology and innovation as the key determinants of growth. Productivity, Technology and Economic Growth is, therefore, a welcome collection for academic scholars and graduate students in economics, history and related social sciences as well as for policy makers.
Download or read book Interpreting Productivity Growth in the New Economy written by Erich Gundlach and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Changes in Production Efficiency in China written by Bing Xu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-30 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluating Production Efficiency in China examines production from engineering and statistics perspectives rather than from economics and mathematics perspectives. The authors present an observable benchmark as the criterion of the production efficiency to replace the unobservable production frontier surface. This book discusses several different computing technologies, controllable variable as a path of identification, changes in production efficiency by decision making on specific operating conditions, and optimal resource allocation. The book provides a channel to tap inside the success stories of China, exploiting the way of changes in production efficiency during China’s development in the past 30 years. This book examines the concepts and realization of production efficiencies across all areas of the economy. Also the book provides the perspective of foreign direct investment (FDI) absorption to identify how Chinese economy changes in production efficiency.
Download or read book The Theory of Benchmarking and the Measurement of Industrial Organization written by Thijs ten Raa and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
