Download or read book Non Auditory Damage Risk Assessment for Impulse Noise written by Daniel L. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Damage Risk from Impulse Noise written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication comprises papers from an RTO Lecture Series on Damage Risk From Impulse Noise. High-level impulse noise (weapons noise) can cause auditory as well as non-auditory damage, which may limit combat effectiveness and may result in communication impairments as a consequence of noise-induced hearing loss. Recent research has shown that the present damage risk criteria have to be adjusted. This has major implications for the protective measures that have to be taken when using weapon systems. Protection equipment can be very effective when properly used, but everyday practice shows that the results in the field fall short of what could be achieved. In addition, hearing protection may interfere with communication. New developments in the design of hearing protectors: level dependent, active noise reduction show how the protection and communication requirements can be combined and satisfied. Educational programs, emphasizing the new developments, may help to improve the effectiveness of hearing conservation and reduce the number of non-auditory accidents. Topics covered by individual papers are: techniques and procedures for the measurement of impulse noise; a draft ANSI standard on auditory risk criteria; performance of hearing protectors; communication and localization with hearing protectors; individual susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss; new perspectives in the treatment of acute noise trauma; cost effectiveness of hearing conservation programmes; non-auditory damage risk assessment for impulse noise.
Download or read book Characterization of Impulse Noise and Hazard Analysis of Impulse Noise Induced Hearing Loss Using AHAAH Modeling written by Qing Wu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of people across the world are suffering from noise induced hearing loss (NIHL), especially under working conditions of either continuous Gaussian or non-Gaussian noise that might affect human's hearing function. Impulse noise is a typical non-Gaussian noise exposure in military and industry, and generates severe hearing loss problem. This study mainly focuses on characterization of impulse noise using digital signal analysis method and prediction of the auditory hazard of impulse noise induced hearing loss by the Auditory Hazard Assessment Algorithm for Humans (AHAAH) modeling. A digital noise exposure system has been developed to produce impulse noises with peak sound pressure level (SPL) up to 160 dB. The characterization of impulse noise generated by the system has been investigated and analyzed in both time and frequency domains. Furthermore, the effects of key parameters of impulse noise on auditory risk unit (ARU) are investigated using both simulated and experimental measured impulse noise signals in the AHAAH model. The results showed that the ARUs increased monotonically with the peak pressure (both P + and P- ) increasing. With increasing of the time duration, the ARUs increased first and then decreased, and the peak of ARUs appeared at about t = 0.2 ms (for both t+ and t- ). In addition, the auditory hazard of experimental measured impulse noises signals demonstrated a monotonically increasing relationship between ARUs and system voltages.
Download or read book Characterization of Impulse Noise and Hazard Analysis of Impulse Noise Induced Hearing Loss Using AHAAH Modeling written by Qing Wu (‡e author) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of people across the world are suffering from noise induced hearing loss (NIHL), especially under working conditions of either continuous Gaussian or non-Gaussian noise that might affect human's hearing function. Impulse noise is a typical non-Gaussian noise exposure in military and industry, and generates severe hearing loss problem. This study mainly focuses on characterization of impulse noise using digital signal analysis method and prediction of the auditory hazard of impulse noise induced hearing loss by the Auditory Hazard Assessment Algorithm for Humans (AHAAH) modeling. A digital noise exposure system has been developed to produce impulse noises with peak sound pressure level (SPL) up to 160 dB. The characterization of impulse noise generated by the system has been investigated and analyzed in both time and frequency domains. Furthermore, the effects of key parameters of impulse noise on auditory risk unit (ARU) are investigated using both simulated and experimental measured impulse noise signals in the AHAAH model. The results showed that the ARUs increased monotonically with the peak pressure (both P + and P- ) increasing. With increasing of the time duration, the ARUs increased first and then decreased, and the peak of ARUs appeared at about t = 0.2 ms (for both t+ and t- ). In addition, the auditory hazard of experimental measured impulse noises signals demonstrated a monotonically increasing relationship between ARUs and system voltages.
Download or read book Effects of Noise and Blasts written by Hans M. Borchgrevink and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Noise Manual written by Elliott H. Berger and published by AIHA. This book was released on 2003 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics covered include fundamentals of sound, vibration and hearing, elements of a hearing conservation program, noise interference and annoyance, regulations, standards and laws.
Download or read book Criteria for Assessing Hearing Damage Risk from Impulse noise Exposure written by R. Ross Coles and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents criteria for assessing damage risk from impulse-noise exposure. The criteria are based on conclusions of independent British and American studies and on the work of other research workers in this field. Most of the studies which led to these criteria were performed with noise from small arms, but the criteria are general enough to permit assessment of most other types of impulse noise. The variables which must be considered in determining the potential hearing hazard and in making practical application of the criteria are presented, and the parameters which must be measured are defined. The measurement technique and type of transducers to be used are discussed.
Download or read book New Auditory Damage Risk Criteria and Standard for Impulse Noise written by Daniel L. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle Use of Animal Test Data in the Development of a Human Auditory Hazard Criterion for Impulse Noise Part 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing loss and sensory cell loss data, obtained from 909 chinchillas exposed to one of 137 different impulse noise or blast wave exposure paradigms, were statistically analyzed. The objective was to extract relations between the effects of the exposure on the auditory system (effects metrics) and metrics used to characterize the blast wave exposure. Specifically the following two questions were asked: (a) What is the best indicator of the amount of hazard associated with an impulse noise exposure? (b) How does the hazard of an impulse noise exposure accumulate with increasing numbers of impulses? Two analytical approaches were used. Both approaches indicated that the P-weighting functions or one of its derivatives (P1-, P2- or R-weighting) best organized the effects metrics. Depending on the analytical approach, either an energy trading rule of 10 log10 N or 6 log10 N; where N is the number of impulses, best organized the data for N between 10 and 100. For exposures of between 1 and 10 impulses, a region of the parametric space that is of considerable practical significance, there is insufficient data to form any conclusions. For this region the limited data suggest that an energy trading rule i.e., 10 log N, does not work.
Download or read book Occupational Noise Exposure written by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Noise and Military Service written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-01-20 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute of Medicine carried out a study mandated by Congress and sponsored by the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide an assessment of several issues related to noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus associated with service in the Armed Forces since World War II. The resulting book, Noise and Military Service: Implications for Hearing Loss and Tinnitus, presents findings on the presence of hazardous noise in military settings, levels of noise exposure necessary to cause hearing loss or tinnitus, risk factors for noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus, the timing of the effects of noise exposure on hearing, and the adequacy of military hearing conservation programs and audiometric testing. The book stresses the importance of conducting hearing tests (audiograms) at the beginning and end of military service for all military personnel and recommends several steps aimed at improving the military services' prevention of and surveillance for hearing loss and tinnitus. The book also identifies research needs, emphasizing topics specifically related to military service.
Download or read book New Perspectives on Noise induced Hearing Loss written by Roger P. Hamernik and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1982 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hearing Damage Risk Criteria and Impulse Noise written by Norman Lindsay Carter and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Peak Pressure in Determining the Auditory Hazard of Impulse Noise written by James H. Patterson (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most current Damage Risk Criteria (DRC) for human exposure to impulse noise are written in terms of peak pressure as the primary index of the traumatic potential or hazard associated with exposure to an impulse noise. Since the peak pressure is only one of many parameters of an impulse, there is a question whether or not a DRC based on peak pressure can reflect accurately the hazard to hearing posed by impulse noise. The experiments described in this report were designed to determine whether peak pressure is an adequate quantifier for an impulse noise DRC. The general approach was to construct two types of impulse noise with the same Fourier pressure spectrum, but with different peak pressures. This makes it possible to compare the hearing loss and injury resulting from impulses which have the same total energy distributed the same way across frequency, but with different peak pressures. The threshold shift measured during the first few hours after exposure showed systematic variation with both peak pressure and energy level. The permanent threshold shift (20 to 30 days postexposure) and the loss of sensory cells showed strong dependence on energy level, with a less pronounced dependence on peak pressure. These results indicate that peak pressure is not a sufficient indicator of auditory hazard; however, energy alone is not a sufficient indicator either. Keywords: Exposure (Physiology), Impulse noise.
Download or read book A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle Evaluation of Impulse Noise Criteria Using Human Volunteer Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of impulse noise criteria is becoming more critical as many new weapons exceed exposure levels for single hearing protection set forth by the MIL-STD-1474D. Previous man-rating studies have consistently shown that auditory injury does not occur at these levels. Consequently, there is general belief that the current standards under predict the threshold at which injury occurs. Four impulse noise auditory injury criteria adopted by NATO countries, namely, the MIL-STD-1474D (USA), Pfander (Germany), Smoorenburg (Netherlands), and L(Aeq8) (France), are evaluated against human volunteer data. Four data sets from subjects wearing single hearing protection exposed to increasing blast overpressure effects were obtained from tests sponsored by the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. Two data sets were obtained from free field and bunker tests using RACAL earmuffs modified to simulate poor fitting. Two other data sets came from the M198 howitzer and Viper man-rating studies using EAR earplugs. Injury threshold was taken as a temporary threshold shift (TTS) >/- 25 ("3 at any frequency. Using logistic regression, the four criteria were each correlated with the test data. The analysis shows that all four criteria are overly conservative by 4-12 ("3. The MIL-STD-1474D for single hearing protection is 9.9 (
Download or read book Technology for a Quieter America written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-30 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to noise at home, at work, while traveling, and during leisure activities is a fact of life for all Americans. At times noise can be loud enough to damage hearing, and at lower levels it can disrupt normal living, affect sleep patterns, affect our ability to concentrate at work, interfere with outdoor recreational activities, and, in some cases, interfere with communications and even cause accidents. Clearly, exposure to excessive noise can affect our quality of life. As the population of the United States and, indeed, the world increases and developing countries become more industrialized, problems of noise are likely to become more pervasive and lower the quality of life for everyone. Efforts to manage noise exposures, to design quieter buildings, products, equipment, and transportation vehicles, and to provide a regulatory environment that facilitates adequate, cost-effective, sustainable noise controls require our immediate attention. Technology for a Quieter America looks at the most commonly identified sources of noise, how they are characterized, and efforts that have been made to reduce noise emissions and experiences. The book also reviews the standards and regulations that govern noise levels and the federal, state, and local agencies that regulate noise for the benefit, safety, and wellness of society at large. In addition, it presents the cost-benefit trade-offs between efforts to mitigate noise and the improvements they achieve, information sources available to the public on the dimensions of noise problems and their mitigation, and the need to educate professionals who can deal with these issues. Noise emissions are an issue in industry, in communities, in buildings, and during leisure activities. As such, Technology for a Quieter America will appeal to a wide range of stakeholders: the engineering community; the public; government at the federal, state, and local levels; private industry; labor unions; and nonprofit organizations. Implementation of the recommendations in Technology for a Quieter America will result in reduction of the noise levels to which Americans are exposed and will improve the ability of American industry to compete in world markets paying increasing attention to the noise emissions of products.
Download or read book Controlling Impulse Noise Hazards Programmatic Model for Developing Validated Exposure Standards written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blast producing weapons such as artillery cannons, mortars, and rockets can produce serious hearing loss among combat troops. Effective control of the risks of hearing loss requires realistic, valid standards for noise hazard evaluation and materiel design. Unfortunately, current Army standards for impulse noise are neither founded on a thorough scientific database nor validated for operational scenarios. These limitations make it difficult to balance the requirement for improved weapons against the need to protect crewmembers' hearing. In support of the Army's Health Hazard Assessment Program, A multiphase research model has been developed to provide a scientific foundation for valid impulse noise standards. The model constitutes a blueprint of the programmatic building blocks required to achieve the ultimate goal of realistics, effective standards applicable to a broad spectrum of weapons. Laboratory and field research methods are used to establish a systematic, comprehensive database relating auditory injury to critical noise parameters. The model culminates in validation of new standards under realistic field conditions. The new noise exposure standards can be translated into hearing conservation standards, materiel design standards, and noise hazard assessment procedures.
