Download or read book Nitrogen and Water Metabolism in the Lactating Sow written by Donald Clarence Mahan and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen and Energy Metabolism of Sows During Several Reproductive Cycles in Relation to Nitrogen Intake written by H. Everts and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . For feeding closer to the requirements at least two diets are needed: one diet with a low nitrogen content during pregnancy and an other diet with a higher nitrogen level during lactation. The consequences of such a feeding strategy were investigated. A lower nitrogen supply during pregnancy had no effect on the development of the products of conception, but the development of the maternal protein mass was reduced during the first reproductive cycle. In the second and third parity a compensatory effect was observed. The nitrogen excretion decreased with about 35 % during pregnancy. Sow with a higher lysine supply during lactation mobilized a less nitrogen and more fat during lactation. The nitrogen excretion per sow per year can be reduced with about 25 %. However, the efficiency of the utilization of dietary nitrogen into retained nitrogen remained at a relatively low level. For an further improvement of the efficiency of the utilization of dietary nitrogen into retained nitrogen a multiphase feeding strategy in combination with a restricted development of the live weight of sows is proposed.
Download or read book Impact of a Near Ideal Amino Acid Profile on the Efficiency of Nitrogen and Energy Utilization in Lactating Sows written by Sai Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving dietary amino acid (AA) and energy efficiency in lactating sows is a potential nutritional approach to mitigate impacts of swine production on the environment. In addition, greater metabolic rate during lactation renders sows prone to heat stress (HS), therefore strategies to lessen metabolic heat production will improve sow welfare in particular given the foreseeable increase in global warming. The main hypothesis of this dissertation was that feeding a reduced protein diet with near ideal AA profile (NIAA) and a leucine:lysine of 1.14 improves the dietary essential AA (EAA) and energy utilization efficiency for lactation, and reduces the metabolic heat associated with lactation, compared to feeding diets containing leucine:lysine of 1.63. To test the hypothesis, three diets were formulated iso-calorically (2,580 kcal/kg net energy), including 1) control diet with a 1.63 leucine:lysine (CON; 18.75% CP), 2) reduced CP diet with 1.14 leucine:lysine referred to as optimal (OPT; 13.75% CP) and formulated to contain a NIAA by supplementation with the limiting AA in their crystalline form to meet their minimum requirements (i.e., L-Lysine (Lys), L-Valine (Val), L-Threonine (Thr), L-Phenylalanine (Phe), DL-Methionine (Met), L-Isoleucine (Ile), L-Histidine (His), and L-Tryptophan (Trp); and 3) OPT diet with L-Leucine (Leu) supplementation to achieve CON Leu:Lys of 1.63 (OPTLEU; 14.25% CP). The overall objective was to determine the efficiency of individual EAA and energy for lactation in sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU, and quantify the metabolic heat production of lactating sows fed CON and OPT. Three studies were conducted to address the following aims: 1) to estimate maximal biological efficiency value (MBEV) of EAA in lactating sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU diets; 2) to estimate dietary energetic efficiency, energy partitioning and heat production in lactating sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU diets; and 3) to measure heat production in lactating sows fed CON and OPT diets and exposed to thermal neutral and HS environments. The first study showed that feeding OPT diet improved utilization efficiency of nitrogen (N) (79.1%), arginine (61.1%), His (78.3%), Ile (65.4%), Leu (75.1%), Met + Cys (78.2%), Phe (53.4%), Phe + Tyr (69.5%) and Trp (70.1%) and maximized the efficiency of Lys (63.2%), Met (67.9%), Thr (71.0%) and Val (57.0%) for milk production over a 21-day lactation period. Leucine reduced Met utilization but did not affect that of N and other EAA. The second experiment demonstrated that feeding OPT led to greater energy utilization for lactation due to less urinary energy and metabolic heat loss, and triggered dietary energy deposition into milk at the expense of maternal lipid mobilization. A Leu:Lys of 1.63 compared to 1.14 reduced dietary energy utilization for lactation by directing dietary energy away from the mammary gland and towards maternal pool, in part explaining the efficacy of a NIAA diet over CON. Sows fed OPT diet produced less metabolic heat and had lower body temperature when exposed to HS conditions compared to CON fed sows. In conclusion, feeding a diet with NIAA profile containing Leu:Lys of 1.14 improves dietary EAA and energy utilization efficiency for lactation, and reduces the metabolic heat associated with lactation compared to feeding a diet with Leu:Lys of 1.63 and meeting SID Lys requirement with feed ingredients as the sole source of Lys. This improvement is in part due to a lower dietary Leu:Lys. Feeding lactating sows with reduced CP diets with crystalline AA supplementation to attain NIAA profile is a feasible strategy to improve efficiency of N and energy utilization, and to mitigate the impacts of HS on lactating sows and of swine production on the environment.
Download or read book The gestating and lactating sow written by Chantal Farmer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last book on the lactating sow was published over 15 years ago. This new book brings us up to date in current knowledge on the gestating and lactating sow. It covers new and important topics such as conditioning of gilts for optimal reproductive performance, feeding high fibre diets to gestating sows and providing various fat sources in gestation and lactation. It also describes the several key success factors to group-housing systems in gestation, which is a must due to the current move towards group-housing. The new concept of transition feeding for sows is discussed, as well as the factors involved in mammary development of gilts and sows, both of which are instrumental for maximum colostrum and/or milk yields. The impact of the human-animal interactions on sow welfare and performance is discussed with focus on new handling practices that could be developed to overbalance the negative interactions inherent to pig management systems. Updates on must-have topics, such as amino acid and energy requirements of sows, colostrum and milk yield and composition, and sow health are also provided. The subjects covered in this book will assist animal scientists, nutritionists, veterinarians and swine producers in learning the most recent information on relevant and current topics affecting sow production, and in knowing which areas are in need of further research efforts.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Swine written by and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each of these popular handbooks contains comprehensive information on the nutritional needs of domestic animals and includes extensive tabular data. All are paperback and 8 1/2 x 11. Some books come with diskettes or Cds that allow users to predict nutrient requirements of specific animals under various conditions and at various life stages.
Download or read book Feed efficiency in swine written by John F. Patience and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.
Download or read book Swine Nutrition written by Elwyn R. Miller and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swine Nutrition is a comprehensive text-reference that deals with the various aspects and knowledge in swine nutrition. The book is basically about nutrient utilization by swine. The topics discussed concerning this subject are factors influencing swine nutrition, nutrient bioavailability, appetite and feeding behavior, physical forms of feed, environment and management, immunocompetence, genetic and sex considerations, mycotoxins, and intestinal microbiology. Major and unique feedstuffs, feeding regimen in different stages of growth, and techniques in swine nutrition research are also elaborated. The text will be useful to students of advance swine nutrition courses as well as those seeking information in swine nutrition.
Download or read book Digestive Physiology of Pigs written by J. E. Lindberg and published by CABI. This book was released on 2001-06-26 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together edited and revised papers presented at the 8th Symposium on Digestive Physiology of Pigs held in Uppsala in June, 2000. It contains more than 100 papers from leading scientists from around the world in this subject area.Among other features it contributes to the development of the the science relating to the effects of nutrition on gut physiology. It also creates a platform for future research, that will increase knowledge of how to optimize the nutrition of the pig and to help prevent diet-related gastrointestinal conditions.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Swine written by National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Swine Nutrition and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resource added for the Sustainable Food & Agriculture Systems program 100903.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition written by W. Haresign and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition 1990 focuses on technologies and controls needed to ensure meat quality. The book first discusses allergic responses to diets in humans. Changes in meat consumption and consumer attitudes; improving the quality of meat; and implications for the future are described. The text looks at legislation and its effect on the feed compounder, including marketing of feeds, medicated feeds, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and safety regulations. The book also underscores the control of feed-born bacterial and viral pathogens in farm animals. Animal infections and diseases connected with feeds; control measures during manufacture of feeds; and public health implications are noted. The text also discusses chemical probiosis, effects of mycotoxins on animal performance, and nutritive value of wheat and its effect on broiler performance. The book then focuses on water requirement of growing-finishing pigs. Water input/output relationships in pigs; factors affecting the relative contribution of different water losses/uses; and factors affecting the supply of water to pigs are described. The text also discusses water requirement of poultry, piglets, and lactating cows. The book is a valuable source of data for readers interested in studying the controls and technologies needed to improve meat quality.
Download or read book Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition written by Mario Luiz Chizzotti and published by Brill Wageningen Academic. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variations in feeding frequency may lead to difference in utilization of dietary nutrients. The effects of feeding frequency have been tested in growing pigs and finishing pigs using respiratory quotient and postprandial kinetics of plasma metabolites. A reduced feeding frequency resulted in an increased lipogenesis and proteolysis shortly after the meal both in growing and finishing pigs. Nevertheless, growing and finishing pigs exhibit different metabolic pathways when feeding frequency is reduced.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Swine written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Lactating Sow written by M. W. A. Verstegen and published by Brill Wageningen Academic. This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For veterinary practitioners, farm managers and advisors, as well as researchers and students interested in pig production, this publication provides excellent information on all important factors influencing lactation performance in sows.
Download or read book Research Progress at the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station written by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Agricultural Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predicting Feed Intake of Food Producing Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1987-02-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How much do animals eat? Why do eating patterns change? How do physiological, dietary, and environmental factors affect feed intake? This volume, a comprehensive overview of the latest animal feed intake research, answers these questions with detailed information about the feeding patterns of fishes, pigs, poultry, dairy cows, beef cattle, and sheep. Equations for calculating predicted feed intake are presented for each animal and are accompanied by charts, graphs, and tables.
Download or read book Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-04-07 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs discusses the need for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement a new method for estimating the amount of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and other pollutants emitted from livestock and poultry farms, and for determining how these emissions are dispersed in the atmosphere. The committee calls for the EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a joint council to coordinate and oversee short - and long-term research to estimate emissions from animal feeding operations accurately and to develop mitigation strategies. Their recommendation was for the joint council to focus its efforts first on those pollutants that pose the greatest risk to the environment and public health.
Download or read book Whittemore s Science and Practice of Pig Production written by Colin T. Whittemore and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science and practice of pig production has changed rapidly overrecent decades; new husbandry practices, new understandings ofgrowth, reproduction and health, new appreciations of welfare andenvironmental impact, new nutritional approaches, and modernreproductive and genetic techniques have all come into being,together with the emergence of new health challenges. Now in its third edition, this long established reference bookon the management, breeding, feeding, nutrition, health and welfareof pigs has been fully revised to provide clear and currentinformation on both the practical and scientific aspects of the pigindustry. With the help of a new panel of international experts anda senior editor, the overall structure now contains input frominternational centres across Europe and North America. This edition includes: Updated versions of existing chapters; Completely revised and new sections on: Pig meat and carcassquality, Reproduction, The maintenance of health, Nutritional valueof protein and amino acids in feed stuffs, Value of fats and oilsin pig diets, Product marketing, Environmental management,Simulation modelling; Input from international authorities; Many tables, diagrams, photographs and figures.
