Download or read book Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar written by Randy Valentine and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This descriptive reference grammar of Nishnaabemwin (Odawa and Eastern Ojibwe) includes extensive descriptive treatment of phonology, orthography, inflectional morphology, derivational morphology, and major structural and functional syntactic categories.
Download or read book Outline for a Comparative Grammar of Some Algonquian Languages written by Joshua Jacob Snider and published by . This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [See http: //mundartpress.wordpress.com/2013/10/02/outline-for-a-comparativ/ to print a double sided insert additions page] This is a translation of a comparative grammar of five Algonquian Native American languages first published in Dutch in 1910. Although too short to represent a comprehensive grammar of these languages, it treats most parts of speech and is a good solid introduction to many of the major important morphological features of this family and the languages treated. It has been expanded, corrected and improved in the form of translators notes based on much more recent and complete material. It also includes many bibliographical resources for most of the Algonquian language family, which are geared towards comparative language learning methods. The two most widely spoken languages of this group, Ojibway (frequently spelled Chippewa, Ojibwa or Ojibwe) and Cree, are both examples of the close knit Central Algonquian group, while Micmac (also spelled Mi'kmaq and Mi'gmaw) and the extinct Natick belong to the Eastern group. The western Blackfoot is usually placed with the Plains Algonquian group, but it is the most divergent member of the entire family and has roughly as many speakers as Micmac
Download or read book Eastern Ojibwa Chippewa Ottawa Dictionary written by Richard A. Rhodes and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 1985 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dictionary is written for three audiences: first, native speakers of Ojibwa, Chippewa, and Ottawa who would like to have a consistent way to write their language, especially those who are engaged in teaching their language to others; second, students of the Ojibwa, Chippewa, and Ottawa language who need a reference work they can turn to; and finally, the scholarly world in general, particularly Algonquianists and linguists.
Download or read book Commands written by Aleksandra I︠U︡rʹevna Aĭkhenvalʹd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the form and the function of commands-directive speech acts such as pleas, entreaties, and orders-from a typological perspective. Authors analyse the marking and meaning of commands in a range of typologically diverse languages on the basis of extensive fieldwork and in a way that allows useful comparison.
Download or read book Insubordination written by Nicholas Evans and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phenomenon of insubordination can be defined diachronically as the recruitment of main clause structures from subordinate structures, or synchronically as the independent use of constructions exhibiting characteristics of subordinate clauses. Long marginalised as uncomfortable exceptions, insubordinated clause phenomena turn out to be surprisingly widespread, and provide a vital empirical testing ground for various central theoretical issues in current linguistics – the interplay of langue and parole, the emergence of structure, the question of where productive syntactic rules give way to constructions, the role of prosody in language change, and the question of how far grammars are produced by isolated speakers as opposed to being collaboratively constructed in dialogue. This volume – the first book-length treatment on the topic – assembles studies of languages on all continents, by scholars who bring a range of approaches to bear on the topic, from historical linguistics to corpus studies to typology to conversational analysis.
Download or read book Perspectives on Grammar Writing written by Thomas Edward Payne and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printbegrænsninger: Der kan printes 10 sider ad gangen og max. 40 sider pr. session
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of North American Languages written by Daniel Siddiqi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of North American Languages is a one-stop reference for linguists on those topics that come up the most frequently in the study of the languages of North America (including Mexico). This handbook compiles a list of contributors from across many different theories and at different stages of their careers, all of whom are well-known experts in North American languages. The volume comprises two distinct parts: the first surveys some of the phenomena most frequently discussed in the study of North American languages, and the second surveys some of the most frequently discussed language families of North America. The consistent goal of each contribution is to couch the content of the chapter in contemporary theory so that the information is maximally relevant and accessible for a wide range of audiences, including graduate students and young new scholars, and even senior scholars who are looking for a crash course in the topics. Empirically driven chapters provide fundamental knowledge needed to participate in contemporary theoretical discussions of these languages, making this handbook an indispensable resource for linguistics scholars.
Download or read book Back to Basics written by Alexandra Moravec Ocampo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Future Times Future Tenses written by Philippe De Brabanter and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future Times, Future Tenses examines how the future is expressed by means of tense, aspect, and modality across a wide range of languages, among them French, Polish, Basque, Turkish, and West Greenlandic. From the present point of view, the future is not fixed: while there is arguably only one past, the future is largely open and/or indeterminate. Reference to the future has thus become one of the most hotly-debated topics in contemporary linguistics: the interactions of future tense with future time, and of future tense with the semantics of possible worlds, are crucial to any satisfactory account of temporal linguistics. This book considers and seeks a resolution to outstanding issues in the field by uniting linguistic and philosophical perspectives on future reference in natural language. Scholars from different parts of the world approach these issues from a variety of theoretical perspectives, including those of linguistic typology, formal semantics, pragmatics, and philosophy of language. In the process they question the very validity of the traditional notion of a specific marker for future tense. The book shows the close connections between linguistic, logical, metaphysical, ontological, and epistemological issues concerning the future and reveals the value of linking linguistic considerations of tense and aspect to philosophical approaches to modality and time.
Download or read book Catching Language written by Felix K. Ameka and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Descriptive grammars are our main vehicle for documenting and analysing the linguistic structure of the world's 6,000 languages. They bring together, in one place, a coherent treatment of how the whole language works, and therefore form the primary source of information on a given language, consulted by a wide range of users: areal specialists, typologists, theoreticians of any part of language (syntax, morphology, phonology, historical linguistics etc.), and members of the speech communities concerned. The writing of a descriptive grammar is a major intellectual challenge, that calls on the grammarian to balance a respect for the language's distinctive genius with an awareness of how other languages work, to combine rigour with readability, to depict structural regularities while respecting a corpus of real material, and to represent something of the native speaker's competence while recognising the variation inherent in any speech community. Despite a recent surge of awareness of the need to document little-known languages, there is no book that focusses on the manifold issues that face the author of a descriptive grammar. This volume brings together contributors who approach the problem from a range of angles. Most have written descriptive grammars themselves, but others represent different types of reader. Among the topics they address are: overall issues of grammar design, the complementary roles of outsider and native speaker grammarians, the balance between grammar and lexicon, cross-linguistic comparability, the role of explanation in grammatical description, the interplay of theory and a range of fieldwork methods in language description, the challenges of describing languages in their cultural and historical context, and the tensions between linguistic particularity, established practice of particular schools of linguistic description and the need for a universally commensurable analytic framework. This book will renew the field of grammaticography, addressing a multiple readership of descriptive linguists, typologists, and formal linguists, by bringing together a range of distinguished practitioners from around the world to address these questions.
Download or read book Count and Mass Across Languages written by Diane Massam and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the expression of the concepts count and mass in human language and probes the complex relation between seemingly incontrovertible aspects of meaning and their varied grammatical realizations across languages. In English, count nouns are those that can be counted and pluralized (two cats), whereas mass nouns cannot be, at least not without a change in meaning (#two rices). The chapters in this volume explore the question of the cognitive and linguistic universality and variability of the concepts count and mass from philosophical, semantic, and morpho-syntactic points of view, touching also on issues in acquisition and processing. The volume also significantly contributes to our cross-linguistic knowledge, as it includes chapters with a focus on Blackfoot, Cantonese, Dagaare, English, Halkomelem, Lithuanian, Malagasy, Mandarin, Ojibwe, and Persian, as well as discussion of several other languages including Armenian, Hungarian, and Korean. The overall consensus of this volume is that while the general concepts of count and mass are available to all humans, forms of grammaticalization involving number, classifiers, and determiners play a key role in their linguistic treatment, and indeed in whether these concepts are grammatically expressed at all. This variation may be reflect the fact that count/mass is just one possible realization of a deeper and broader concept, itself related to the categories of nominal and verbal aspect.
Download or read book Inflectional Defectiveness written by Andrea D. Sims and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-12 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible exploration of how defectiveness emerges from the implicative organization of paradigms and the structure of the lexicon.
Download or read book Contrast and Representations in Syntax written by Bronwyn M. Bjorkman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-05 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how grammatical oppositions - for instance, the contrast between present and past tense - are represented in the syntax of natural languages. The nature of syntactic contrast is tied to a fundamental question in generative syntactic theory: what is universal in syntax, and what is variable? The chapters in this volume examine the dual role of features, which both define a set of paradigmatic contrasts and act as the building blocks of syntactic structures and the drivers of syntactic operations. In both of these roles, features are increasingly considered the locus of parametric variation. This identification of parameters with features has opened up new possibilities for investigating connections between the morphological system of a language and its syntax, and suggests a new role for featural contrast in syntactic theory. The contributors to this volume address these two major questions from a range of perspectives, drawing on data from a variety of typologically diverse languages, including Blackfoot, Greek, Onondaga, and Scottish Gaelic.
Download or read book Introducing Morphology written by Rochelle Lieber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Morphology is the study of how words are put together. A lively introduction to the subject, this textbook is intended for undergraduates with relatively little background in linguistics. Providing data from a wide variety of languages, it includes hands-on activities such as "challenge boxes," designed to encourage students to gather their own data and analyze it, work with data on websites, perform simple experiments, and discuss topics with each other. There is also an extensive introduction to the terms and concepts necessary for analyzing words. Topics such as the mental lexicon, derivation, compounding, inflection, morphological typology, productivity, and the interface of morphology with syntax and phonology expose students to the whole scope of the field. Unlike other textbooks it anticipates the question "Is it a real word?" and tackles it head on by looking at the distinction between dictionaries and the mental lexicon. This Third Edition has been thoroughly updated, including new examples and exercises as well as a detailed introduction to using linguistic corpora to find and analyze morphological data"--
Download or read book Typological Hierarchies in Synchrony and Diachrony written by Sonia Cristofaro and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-07-15 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Typological hierarchies are widely perceived as one of the most important results of research on language universals and linguistic diversity. Explanations for typological hierarchies, however, are usually based on the synchronic properties of the patterns described by individual hierarchies, not the actual diachronic processes that give rise to these patterns cross-linguistically. This book aims to explore in what ways the investigation of such processes can further our understanding of typological hierarchies. To this end, diachronic evidence about the origins of several phenomena described by typological hierarchies is discussed for several languages by a number of leading scholars in typology, historical linguistics, and language documentation. This evidence suggests a rethinking of possible explanations for typological hierarchies, as well as the very notion of typological universals in general. For this reason, the book will be of interest not only to the broad typological community, but also historical linguists, cognitive linguists, and psycholinguists.
Download or read book The Arapaho Language written by Andrew Cowell and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2011-05-18 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arapaho Language is the definitive reference grammar of an endangered Algonquian language. Arapaho differs strikingly from other Algonquian languages, making it particularly relevant to the study of historical linguistics and the evolution of grammar. Andrew Cowell and Alonzo Moss Sr. document Arapaho's interesting features, including a pitch-based accent system with no exact Algonquian parallels, radical innovations in the verb system, and complex contrasts between affirmative and non-affirmative statements. Cowell and Moss detail strategies used by speakers of this highly polysynthetic language to form complex words and illustrate how word formation interacts with information structure. They discuss word order and discourse-level features, treat the special features of formal discourse style and traditional narratives, and list gender-specific particles, which are widely used in conversation. Appendices include full sets of inflections for a variety of verbs. Arapaho is spoken primarily in Wyoming, with a few speakers in Oklahoma. The corpus used in The Arapaho Language spans more than a century of documentation, including multiple speakers from Wyoming and Oklahoma, with emphasis on recent recordings from Wyoming. The book cites approximately 2,000 language examples drawn largely from natural discourse - either recorded spoken language or texts written by native speakers. With The Arapaho Language, Cowell and Moss have produced a comprehensive document of a language that, in its departures from its nearest linguistic neighbors, sheds light on the evolution of grammar.
Download or read book A Survey of Word Accentual Patterns in the Languages of the World written by Harry van der Hulst and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010 with total page 897 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a wealth of information on the word accentual (metrical, stress) phenomena that we encounter in natural languages. Two types of information will be supplied: language profiles in 'tabular form' and survey articles. Of the total of 10 chapters in Part I, 3 are general in nature, while the other 7 describe and analyze word accentual systems in all continents. The volume's point of departure is a database called StressTyp. StressTyp developed into a database on word prosodic systems of the languages of the world. The over 500 languages, representing a wide geographical distribution, taken from the StressTyp database will be represented in this volume. For all these languages, information regarding identity, sources and stress location(s) will be included, accompanied by some examples in nearly all cases. These language data packages will be organized by language family. This information constitutes Part II of the volume.