Download or read book NH3 Assisted Synthesis of Silicon Oxycarbonitride Ceramics for Gas Capture and Separation written by Cristina Schitco and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2015 in the subject Energy Sciences, grade: 1, Technical University of Darmstadt, course: Materialwissenschaften, language: English, abstract: Our society depends overwhelmingly on carbon based resources (coal, natural gas and oil). The use of carbon based resources to meet the current energy needs of our society is associated with two critical drawbacks, that are: i) carbon based resources are not renewable and ii) burning hydrocarbons and venting the waste gases into atmosphere, e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2), leads to worsening of the greenhouse effect. As a response to these issues, the strategy of so-called “green carbon” has been proposed. This strategy consist of obtaining energies that foresees a gradual transition from carbon based resources to hydrogen based fuel, i.e., “hydrogen economy”, while simultaneously increasing the role of renewable energies. Carbon based resources would ultimately be used for synthesis of high-value chemicals and hydrogen (H2) generation. This strategy is possible to become a reality only if innovations in materials, chemistry, catalysis, and other engineering related fields are to occur. From a materials science perspective, extensive research is currently underway to develop materials able to store H2, to capture CO2, or to separate H2 from byproducts such as CO2, CO, or N2. This work aims to explore the opportunities, as well as the associated limitations of the use of silicon oxycarbonitride ceramics derived from preceramic polymers by NH3-assisted route for the above-mentioned applications, such as H2 gas separation membranes, and H2 or CO2 capture or storage materials in form of powders. A simple and general synthesis method to tune the chemical composition and pore size, as well as the surface area of oxycarbonitride ceramics has been developed. This method is based on modifying the structure of preceramic polymers through chemical reactions with NH3 at 300 – 800 oC, followed by a thermolysis under an Ar atmosphere at 750 oC. Under these synthesis conditions a polysiloxane and a polysilazane transform to microporous ceramics, while materials derived from a polycarbosilane remain nonporous, as revealed by N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) characterization indicates that samples prepared from the polycarbosilane possess latent pores (pore size

Download or read book Physics and Technology of Silicon Carbide Devices written by George Gibbs and published by . This book was released on 2016-10-01 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon (Si) is by far the most widely used semiconductor material for power devices. On the other hand, Si-based power devices are approaching their material limits, which has provoked a lot of efforts to find alternatives to Si-based power devices for better performance. With the rapid innovations and developments in the semiconductor industry, Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices have progressed from immature prototypes in laboratories to a viable alternative to Si-based power devices in high-efficiency and high-power density applications. SiC devices have numerous persuasive advantages--high-breakdown voltage, high-operating electric field, high-operating temperature, high-switching frequency and low losses. Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices belong to the so-called wide band gap semiconductor group, which offers a number of attractive characteristics for high voltage power semiconductors when compared to commonly used silicon (Si). Recently, some SiC power devices, for example, Schottky-barrier diodes (SBDs), metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effecttransistors (MOSFETs), junction FETs (JFETs), and their integrated modules have come onto the market. Physics and Technology of Silicon Carbide Devices abundantly describes recent technologies on manufacturing, processing, characterization, modeling, etc. for SiC devices.

Download or read book Refractories for the Chemical Industries written by Prasunjit Sengupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-28 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides process engineers, an insight into refractories focusing on its importance and requirements in chemical process industries such as refinery and petrochemicals, syngas manufacturing, coal gasification, limestone calcinations, carbon black, glass, and cement production. Additionally the book discusses the refractory requirements for the CFBC boiler, and waste heat utilization process to generate steam. The book describes characterization of refractory material and selection process of the refractory for lining different equipments pertaining to the chemical process industry. The book covers refractory installation techniques, and the precautions to be taken during installation are discussed in detail along with the theoretical background. It explains the physical and chemical factors that influence the performances of refractory, mechanism of its degradation in service and emphasizes on the thermo-chemical and thermo-mechanical aspects and their role in that process . The content lays out different methods of monitoring Refractory lining conditions while the furnace is in operation and also elucidates few methods to repair the worn out lining without taking a shutdown. The scheme of investigation of a refractory failure is an added feature.

Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes written by M. Shamsuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-29 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers various metallurgical topics, viz. roasting of sulfide minerals, matte smelting, slag, reduction of oxides and reduction smelting, interfacial phenomena, steelmaking, secondary steelmaking, role of halides in extraction of metals, refining, hydrometallurgy and electrometallurgy. Each chapter is illustrated with appropriate examples of applications of the technique in extraction of some common, reactive, rare or refractory metal together with worked out problems explaining the principle of the operation.

Download or read book Ceramic Nanocomposites written by Rajat Banerjee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ceramic nanocomposites have been found to have improved hardness, strength, toughness and creep resistance compared to conventional ceramic matrix composites. Ceramic nanocomposites reviews the structure and properties of these nanocomposites as well as manufacturing and applications.Part one looks at the properties of different ceramic nanocomposites, including thermal shock resistance, flame retardancy, magnetic and optical properties as well as failure mechanisms. Part two deals with the different types of ceramic nanocomposites, including the use of ceramic particles in metal matrix composites, carbon nanotube-reinforced glass-ceramic matrix composites, high temperature superconducting ceramic nanocomposites and ceramic particle nanofluids. Part three details the processing of nanocomposites, including the mechanochemical synthesis of metallic–ceramic composite powders, sintering of ultrafine and nanosized ceramic and metallic particles and the surface treatment of carbon nanotubes using plasma technology. Part four explores the applications of ceramic nanocomposites in such areas as energy production and the biomedical field.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Ceramic nanocomposites is a technical guide for professionals requiring knowledge of ceramic nanocomposites, and will also offer a deeper understanding of the subject for researchers and engineers within any field dealing with these materials. - Reviews the structure and properties of ceramic nanocomposites as well as their manufacturing and applications - Examines properties of different ceramic nanocomposites, as well as failure mechanisms - Details the processing of nanocomposites and explores the applications of ceramic nanocomposites in areas such as energy production and the biomedical field

Download or read book Polymer Derived Ceramics written by Paolo Colombo and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2010 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the foundations of the science of polymer derived ceramics, enriched with many descriptions of applications. Written by a team of selected researchers, the text is a systematic, comprehensive introduction to all phases of polymer derived ceramics from synthesis strategies through properties measurement, and applications. New material is given on the nanolevel structure of PDCs, and it is shown how nano-sized modifications can alter and improve the properties of polymer derived ceramics, including high chemical durability, oxidation resistance, luminescence, and piezo-resistivity. Groundbreaking work is also described on novel precursors such as stoichiometric SiC, BN, and SiBCN ceramics. In terms of technology, this volume explains how PDCs are fabricated and how these novel materials are used in membranes, filters, MEMS, fibers, and micro-components. This book covers: synthesis, structure, properties and applications; strategies for characterizing and synthesizing PDCs; and, original research on pre-ceramic PDC precursors.

Download or read book Ultra High Temperature Materials I written by Igor L. Shabalin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-16 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exhaustive work in three volumes with featuring cross-reference system provides a thorough overview of ultra-high temperature materials – from elements and chemical compounds to alloys and composites. Topics included are physical (crystallographic, thermodynamic, thermo-physical, electrical, optical, physico-mechanical, nuclear) and chemical (solid-state diffusion, interaction with chemical elements and compounds, interaction with gases, vapours and aqueous solutions) properties of the individual physico-chemical phases and multi-phase materials with melting (or sublimation) points over or about 2500 °C. The first volume focuses on carbon (graphite/graphene) and refractory metals (W, Re, Os, Ta, Mo, Nb, Ir). The second and third volumes are dedicated solely to refractory (ceramic) compounds (oxides, nitrides, carbides, borides, silicides) and to the complex materials – refractory alloys, carbon and ceramic composites, respectively. It will be of interest to researchers, engineers, postgraduate, graduate and undergraduate students in various disciplines alike. The reader is provided with the full qualitative and quantitative assessment for the materials, which could be applied in various engineering devices and environmental conditions at ultra-high temperatures, on the basis of the latest updates in the field of physics, chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and engineering.

Download or read book Ceramic Matrix Composites written by Walter Krenkel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-06-23 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering an important material class for modern applications in the aerospace, automotive, energy production and creation sectors, this handbook and reference contains comprehensive data tables and field reports on successfully developed prototypes. The editor and authors are internationally renowned experts from NASA, EADS, DLR, Porsche, MT Aerospace, as well as universities and institutions in the USA, Europe and Japan, and they provide here a comprehensive overview of current R & D with an application-oriented emphasis.

Download or read book Novel Ceramic Materials written by R. Saravanan and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2016-06-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a number of novel ceramic materials that have great potential for advanced technological applications, such as microwave devices, communication instruments and memory devices. The materials covered include piezoelectric ceramics, zirconia ceramics, doped NiO ceramic nanostructures, BST ceramics (Barium-Strontium-Titanates), manganite ceramics, Ce-doped LaMnO3 and Sb-doped NKN (Sodium-Potassium-Niobates), as well as materials with ferrite structures, and with multi-ferroic structures The materials were characterized experimentally by means of XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and VSM (Vibrating sample magnetometer). The results are discussed in terms of the structural characteristics of the various crystal structures, their special surface morphology, and their optical and magnetic properties. Of particular interest is the determination of the electron density distribution (on the basis of XRD data and computerized evaluations). These data elucidate the atomic/electronic structure of the materials and make us understand the specific characteristics of these novel ceramics.

Download or read book Advanced Materials in Drug Release and Drug Delivery Systems written by Katarzyna Winnicka and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-03 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of new drug molecules is costly and requires longitudinal, wide-ranging studies; therefore, designing advanced pharmaceutical formulations for existing and well-known drugs seems to be an attractive device for the pharmaceutical industry. Properly formulated drug delivery systems can improve pharmacological activity, efficacy and safety of the active substances. Advanced materials applied as pharmaceutical excipients in designing drug delivery systems can help solve problems concerning the required drug release—with the defined dissolution rate and at the determined site. Novel drug carriers enable more effective drug delivery, with improved safety and with fewer side effects. Investigations concerning advanced materials represent a rapidly growing research field in material/polymer science, chemical engineering and pharmaceutical technology. Exploring novel materials or modifying and combining existing ones is now a crucial trend in pharmaceutical technology. Eleven articles included in the the Special Issue “Advanced Materials in Drug Release and Drug Delivery Systems” present the most recent insights into the utilization of different materials with promising potential in drug delivery and into different formulation approaches that can be used in the design of pharmaceutical formulations.

Download or read book Sol Gel Technologies for Glass Producers and Users written by Michel Andre Aegerter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sol-Gel Techniques for Glass Producers and Users provides technological information, descriptions and characterizations of prototypes, or products already on the market, and illustrates advantages and disadvantages of the sol-gel process in comparison to other methods. The first chapter entitled "Wet Chemical Technology" gives a summary of the basic principles of the sol-gel chemistry. The most promising applications are related to coatings. Chapter 2 describes the various "Wet Chemical Coating Technologies" from glass cleaning to many deposition and post-coating treatment techniques. These include patterning of coatings through direct or indirect techniques which have became very important and for which the sol-gel processing is particularly well adapted. Chapter 3 entitled "Bulk Glass Technologies" reports on the preparation of special glasses for different applications. Chapter 4 entitled "Coatings and Materials Properties" describes the properties of the different coatings and the sol-gel materials, fibers and powders. The chapter also includes a section dedicated to the characterization techniques especially applied to sol-gel coatings and products.

Download or read book Metallurgy of Rare Metals written by Abram Naumovich Zelikman and published by Nova Snova. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare metals play an important role in the development of major branches of industry, such as vacuum equipment, semiconductor electronics, nuclear power and rocket production, as well as in the production of special steels and hard, refractory and corrosion-resistant alloys.Rapid development and improvement in the production of rare metals took place in the ten years which have elapsed since the publication of the first edition of this book. These ten years have witnessed the beginning of large-scale production of titanium, zirconium, and germanium, and a significant increase in the production volume; new, improved methods for the separation and purification of metals and compounds (ion-exchange, extraction, crystallization methods) as well as arc and electron-beam melting processes for metals were developed. This made it necessary to rewrite most of this book.In view of the growing importance of the lanthanides and rhenium, chapters on these metals were also included. At the same time, we decided to dispense with the chapters on lead and antimony, since these are not usually listed as rare metals. In describing the metallurgy of each metal, much attention was paid to its physicochemical nature and to the practical operations involved in the main technological processes for the production of its chemical compounds and of the pure metal.This book is a textbook for students specializing in the metallurgy of the rare metals. It is assumed that the student is familiar with the physicochemical fundamentals .of metallurgy, ore dressing, metallurgical furnaces, and processes and apparatus used in extractive metallurgy. The description of standard equipment (leaching apparatus, thickeners, filters, comminution installations, etc.) has accordingly been omitted. The references are grouped together at the end of the book.

Download or read book Phosphorus Nitrogen Compounds written by H Allcock and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus-Nitrogen Compounds: Cyclic, Linear, and High Polymeric Systems concerns itself with the chemistry of compounds containing alternating phosphorus - nitrogen atoms in the skeleton. The monograph aims to be an introduction to phosphorus-nitrogen chemistry, a review of advances in the field, and reference work. The text is divided into three parts. Part I covers the introduction, historical background, and nomenclature of phosphorus-nitrogen compounds and the theories in bonding and structure of phosphazenes and phosphazanes. Part II deals with reactions such as the synthesis of the phosphorus-nitrogen skeleton, hydrolysis of phosphazenes and phosphazanes, and the aminolysis of halophosphazenes. Part III discusses polymer chemistry and includes topics such as polymerization, depolymerization, and phosphazene polymers. The book is recommended for students and practitioners in the field of chemistry, especially those concerned with phosphorus nitrogen compounds and polymeric systems.

Download or read book Metallurgical and Ceramic Protective Coatings written by K.H. Stern and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface engineering is an increasingly important field and consequently those involved need to be aware of the vast range of technologies available to modify surfaces. This text provides an up-to-date, authoritative exposition of the major condensed phase methods used for producing metallurgical and ceramic coatings. Each method is discussed thoroughly by an expert in that field. In each chapter the principle of the method, its range of applications and technical aspects involved are described. The book not only informs the reader about established technologies familiar only to specialists, but also details activity on the frontier of coating technology providing an insight into those potential technologies not yet fully developed but which should emerge in the near future.

Download or read book Ceramics Science and Technology Volume 3 written by Ralf Riedel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although ceramics have been known to mankind literally for millennia, research has never ceased. Apart from the classic uses as a bulk material in pottery, construction, and decoration, the latter half of the twentieth century saw an explosive growth of application fields, such as electrical and thermal insulators, wear-resistant bearings, surface coatings, lightweight armour, or aerospace materials. In addition to plain, hard solids, modern ceramics come in many new guises such as fabrics, ultrathin films, microstructures and hybrid composites. Built on the solid foundations laid down by the 20-volume series Materials Science and Technology, Ceramics Science and Technology picks out this exciting material class and illuminates it from all sides. Materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biochemists, physicists and medical researchers alike will find this work a treasure trove for a wide range of ceramics knowledge from theory and fundamentals to practical approaches and problem solutions.

Download or read book Product Design and Engineering written by Ulrich Bröckel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-02 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the whole value chain - from product requirements and properties via process technologies and equipment to real-world applications - this reference represents a comprehensive overview of the topic. The editors and majority of the authors are members of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering, with backgrounds from academia as well as industry. Therefore, this multifaceted area is highlighted from different angles: essential physico-chemical background, latest measurement and prediction techniques, and numerous applications from cosmetic up to food industry. Recommended reading for process, pharma and chemical engineers, chemists in industry, and those working in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, dyes and pigments industries.

Download or read book High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites written by R. Naslain and published by Woodhead Publishing Limited. This book was released on 1993 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: