Download or read book New Insights Into B cell Subsets in Health and Disease written by Judith Fraussen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-04 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology of B Cells written by Tasuku Honjo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All of these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular, immunological, and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotypes. Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response as a constant, and the molecular basis of numerous diseases due to B cell abnormality. The new edition continues its success with updated research on microRNAs in B cell development and immunity, new developments in understanding lymphoma biology, and therapeutic targeting of B cells for clinical application. With updated research and continued comprehensive coverage of all aspects of B cell biology, Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is the definitive resource, vital for researchers across molecular biology, immunology and genetics.
Download or read book New Insights into the Complexity of Tumor Immunology in B cell Malignancies Disease Biology and Signaling written by Jérôme Paggetti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Janeway s Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Download or read book Distinct Cytokine defined Human B Cell Subsets in Health and Disease written by Rui Li and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Important antibody-independent pathogenic roles of B cells are emerging in autoimmune diseases including MS. The contrasting results of different treatments targeting B cells in patients (in spite of predictions of therapeutic benefit from animal models) call for a better understanding of the multiple roles that distinct human B cell subsets likely play in this illness. Cytokines expressed by B cells can be used as potential markers to define functionally distinct subsets. In spite of work carried out in mice, there remain substantial gaps in our knowledge of human cytokine-defined B cell subsets. The aim of my thesis is to better understand human cytokine-defined B cell subsets in both health and in MS, including their surface phenotype, distinct functions and the mechanisms (both external and internal) that regulate them. In the first part (Chapter 2) of my manuscript-based thesis, I identified a novel GM-CSF+ TNF[alpha]high IL-6high IL-10- effector B cell (Beff) subset that is abnormally increased, and more readily induced, in the peripheral blood of MS patients. These Beff cells strongly enhanced macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine production through a GM-CSF-dependent mechanism. STAT5 and STAT6 were found to be important regulators of the balance between the Beff and Breg B cell subsets. Studies in patients with MS demonstrated that removal of total B cells using anti-CD20 therapy (which is very effective in limiting new MS activity) resulted in decreased myeloid cell pro-inflammatory responses. When B cells reconstituted in these patients, myeloid cells remained less inflammatory, in keeping with the lesser inflammatory profile of the reconstituting B cells. In chapter 3, I wished to investigate the impact of distinct B cell cytokine-defined subsets on T cell responses. To date, the study of B cell:T cell interactions in humans has been limited in part due to the lack of antigen specific systems to assess these interactions. I was able to establish a novel antigen-specific B-T co-culture system and used it to demonstrate that Beff cells can significantly enhance antigen-specific T cells responses to pathogens in an MHC-II restricted, CD80/CD86 and IL-6 dependent fashion. In chapter 4, I examined more closely the impact of human IL-10 expressing Breg cells on myeloid responses. I found that pro-inflammatory myeloid cell cytokine (IL-6, IL-12, TNF[alpha]) responses are significantly inhibited in co-culture with CpG-induced human Breg, an effect that was partially IL-10 dependent. CpG induced Bregs also inhibited expression of myeloid cell MHC-II and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. Interestingly, atacicept (a TACI-Ig fusion protein) appeared to limit the induction of IL-10 expressing Bregs, providing a potential explanation for the paradoxical increase in MS disease activity seen with atacicept treatment. Together, the studies of my thesis enhance our understanding of human cytokine-defined, functionally distinct B cell subsets, both in healthy individuals and in MS patients. My results provide novel insights into the therapeutic mode of action of B cell depleting therapies in autoimmune disease, and the rational for selective targeting of distinct B cell subsets for future therapeutic approaches to both infectious and immune-mediated disease. " --
Download or read book New Insights into the Complexity of Tumor Immunology in B cell Malignancies Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers and Therapy written by Jérôme Paggetti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-23 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tertiary Lymphoid Organs TLOs Powerhouses of Disease Immunity written by Changjun Yin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The immune system employs TLOs to elicit highly localized and forceful responses to unresolvable peripheral tissue inflammation. Current data indicate that TLOs are protective but they may also lead to collateral tissue injury and serve as nesting places to generate autoreactive lymphocytes. A better comprehension of these powerhouses of disease immunity will likely facilitate development to unprecedented and specific therapies to fight chronic inflammatory diseases.
Download or read book B Cell Activation and Differentiation New Perspectives on an Enduring Topic written by Zhenming Xu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-05 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insights into Regulatory B Cells written by Yiwei Chu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Insights into the Complexity of Tumor Immunology in B cell Malignancies Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy written by Jérôme Paggetti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-02 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topic Editor MS received funding from Bayer AG.
Download or read book Avian Immunology written by Bernd Kaspers and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Avian Immunology provides an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of avian immunology. From the ontogeny of the avian immune system to practical application in vaccinology, the book encompasses all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens. In addition, chapters are devoted to the immunology of other commercially important species such as turkeys and ducks, and to ecoimmunology summarizing the knowledge of immune responses in free-living birds often in relation to reproductive success. The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practical aspects of vaccination are examined as well. Extensive appendices summarize resources for scientists including cell lines, inbred chicken lines, cytokines, chemokines, and monoclonal antibodies. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, as well as the threat of avian influenza pandemics like H5N1 and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks makes this book a vital resource. This book provides crucial information not only for poultry health professionals and avian biologists, but also for comparative and veterinary immunologists, graduate students and veterinary students with an interest in avian immunology. - With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field, this book provides the most up-to-date review of avian immunology so far - Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors - Contains a wide-ranging review of the "ecoimmunology" of free-living avian species, as applied to studies of population dynamics, and reviews methods and resources available for carrying out such research
Download or read book Molecular Biology of B Cells written by Tasuku Honjo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-10-09 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All of these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular, immunological, and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotypes. Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response as a constant, and the molecular basis of numerous diseases due to B cell abnormality. The new edition continues its success with updated research on microRNAs in B cell development and immunity, new developments in understanding lymphoma biology, and therapeutic targeting of B cells for clinical application. With updated research and continued comprehensive coverage of all aspects of B cell biology, Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is the definitive resource, vital for researchers across molecular biology, immunology and genetics. - Covers signaling mechanisms regulating B cell differentiation - Provides information on the development of therapeutics using monoclonal antibodies and clinical application of Ab - Contains studies on B cell tumors from various stages of B lymphocytes - Offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response
Download or read book B Cell Receptor Signaling written by Tomohiro Kurosaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases.
Download or read book The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health written by Kitty Verhoeckx and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-29 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Infogest” (Improving Health Properties of Food by Sharing our Knowledge on the Digestive Process) is an EU COST action/network in the domain of Food and Agriculture that will last for 4 years from April 4, 2011. Infogest aims at building an open international network of institutes undertaking multidisciplinary basic research on food digestion gathering scientists from different origins (food scientists, gut physiologists, nutritionists...). The network gathers 70 partners from academia, corresponding to a total of 29 countries. The three main scientific goals are: Identify the beneficial food components released in the gut during digestion; Support the effect of beneficial food components on human health; Promote harmonization of currently used digestion models Infogest meetings highlighted the need for a publication that would provide researchers with an insight into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of respective in vitro and ex vivo assays to evaluate the effects of foods and food bioactives on health. Such assays are particularly important in situations where a large number of foods/bioactives need to be screened rapidly and in a cost effective manner in order to ultimately identify lead foods/bioactives that can be the subject of in vivo assays. The book is an asset to researchers wishing to study the health benefits of their foods and food bioactives of interest and highlights which in vitro/ex vivo assays are of greatest relevance to their goals, what sort of outputs/data can be generated and, as noted above, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the various assays. It is also an important resource for undergraduate students in the ‘food and health’ arena.
Download or read book Handbook on Immunosenescence written by Tamas Fulop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.
Download or read book Interactions Between B Cells and CD8 T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis written by Ayman Rezk and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Previous studies have identified functionally distinct human B cell sub-populations based on distinct cytokine expression profiles and characterized the functional capacities of such B cell subsets to modulate T cell and myeloid cell effector functions. Such antibody-independent B cell functions have emerged as highly relevant to disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), as evidenced by the ability of B-cell depleting therapy to robustly reduce new relapsing disease activity while having minimal to no impact on the abnormal antibody profile within the central nervous system (CNS) of patients. While these results have been interpreted to reflect B cell:CD4+ T cell interactions, we noted that B-cell depleting therapy results in reduced effector functions of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that B cells and CD8+ T cells may also interact in disease-relevant ways. It is noteworthy that in MS, CD8+ T cells are actually more abundant in the inflamed MS CNS than are CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, among the CNS-infiltrating T cells in MS, pathologists have identified presence of clonally expanded mucosal-associated invariant T cell receptor (MAIT) cells expressing pro-inflammatory effector molecules. The overall aim of my thesis is to characterize antibody-independent interactions between human B cells and CD8+ T (both MAIT and non-MAIT) cells, and their possible implication in MS pathophysiology. Chapter 1 introduces multiple sclerosis by summarizing the genetic and environmental factors associated with disease development, highlighting the roles of CD4+ T cells and B cells in disease pathogenesis and the implication of CD8+ T cells, including MAIT cells, in MS. In Chapter 2, I set out to optimize an approach for the simultaneous isolation of multiple rare cytokine-secreting viable human B cells. I demonstrate that the cytokine-secretion assay can be developed and applied for the detection and isolation of multiple highly-purified, viable, low-frequency cytokine-defined B cells (i.e. secreting GM-CSF or IL-10), and that isolated cell fractions are amenable for gene expression profiling and in vitro culture. The assay can be multiplexed, wherein up to three cytokines can be simultaneously detected on B cells, without any impact on cell purity, though a variable loss in yields requires assay optimization. Overall, this approach is a stepping-stone in enabling future investigations into the biology of these cytokine-defined B cell subsets. In chapter 3, I examine the interactions between B cells and both CD8+ MAIT and non-MAIT cells using a series of in vitro experiments complemented by deep immunophenotyping of CD8+ T cells within peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained prior to and after B cell depletion therapy in patients with MS. I found that B cells have opposing effects on different CD8+T cell subsets, namely induction of proliferation, pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, and cytotoxicity of MAIT cells, yet suppression of non-MAIT cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In vivo, B cell depletion in MS patients results in reduced counts and pro-inflammatory responses of MAIT cells. Overall, these observations provide novel insights into fundamental functions of human B cells in the modulation of CD8+ T cell effector responses, in both health and disease. They also add to our understanding of the complex cellular networks involving the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of different cell types and their interactions in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis by invoking a B cell:CD8+ T cell axis (and particularly the role of B cell: MAIT cell interactions), which may be therapeutically targeted by B cell depletion. Further characterization of cytokine-defined B cell responses and their interactions with CD8+ MAIT and non-MAIT cells could enable the development of more focused therapies that selectively impact these interactions for the treatment of autoimmune diseases"--
Download or read book Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development written by Isabelle Godin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-27 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects articles on the biology of hematopoietic stem cells during embryonic development, reporting on fly, fish, avian and mammalian models. The text invites a comparative overview of hematopoietic stem cell generation in the different classes, emphasizing conserved trends in development. The book reviews current knowledge on human hematopoietic development and discusses recent breakthroughs of relevance to both researchers and clinicians.
