Download or read book Emerging Freshwater Pollutants written by Tatenda Dalu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-01-29 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Freshwater Pollutants: Analysis, Fate and Regulations comprises of 20 chapters, all written by leading experts. This book is written in the most practical terms and is easy to understand, with numerous helpful examples and case studies and can be used as a practical guide and important educational tool on issues concerning freshwater emerging pollutants. The organisation of the book exposes the reader in logical succession to the full range of complex scientific and management aspects of emerging freshwater pollutants in the developing world. The book recognises that water chemistry, emerging freshwater pollutants and management are inter-dependent disciplines. The book covers (i) the different monitoring techniques, current analytical approaches and instrumental analyses, (ii) fate and occurrence of emerging pollutants in aquatic systems and (iii) management policies and legislations on emerging pollutants. Thus, subsequent chapters elucidate chemicals with pollution potential, multi-detection approaches to analysis of organic pollutants in water, microplastics effects and photochemical transformation of emerging pollutants in freshwater systems. Whereas, other chapters address oxidation of organic compounds in aquatic systems, biomonitoring systems for detection of toxic levels of water pollutants, and health aspects of water recycling practices. This book melds several different perspectives on the subject of freshwater emerging pollutants and shows the interrelationships between the various professions that deal with water quality issues. Further, within the presentation of each separate chapter is discussion of how the various scientific and management aspects of the subject interrelate. - Includes case studies and practical examples in each chapter - Presents a much-needed interdisciplinary approach, representing the overlap between water chemistry and emerging freshwater pollutants - Provides a thorough introduction to emerging tropical and freshwater pollutants that typically occur in these systems

Download or read book New Applications and Emerging Contaminants written by Steven G. O'Connell and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive sampling is a popular technology for environmental monitoring, and silicone is an ideal choice for a variety of passive sampling applications. The silicone work described here encompasses laboratory and field studies that demonstrate the use of this polymer in novel environments, for new applications, and for emerging compounds. Unique attributes of silicone polymers make them advantageous for targeting semi-polar contaminants not typically targeted in environmental research. Oxygenated polycyclic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) represent an emerging class of contaminants with chemical properties well suited to silicone passive sampling. The first challenge was to create a robust OPAH analytical method to examine these compounds in silicone, and two independent methods (liquid as well as gas chromatography) were optimized and demonstrated for 24 ketone-containing aromatic hydrocarbons, more than other methods published at that time. An isotopically labeled OPAH was used as an internal standard in contrast to previous methods which used only labeled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The efficacy of each method was further demonstrated by comparing standard addition to internal standard quantitation. Next, OPAHs, PAHs and pesticides were used to compare several silicone materials with low density polyethylene (LDPE) at Portland Harbor Superfund field sites. Target analyte detection, precision, and practical considerations in the field and laboratory were used to evaluate silicone materials. Individual differences between LDPE and the most optimal silicone polymer for OPAHs highlighted the importance of using optimized methods or polymer choice for a particular analyte class. Biggest differences were found for 9-fluorenone, benzanthrone, and 5,12-naphtacenequinone. After this successful polymer comparison, the next study involved a novel application of silicone wristbands as personal passive samplers. Commercially available silicone was modified to serve as personal samplers and tested in both an ambient and occupational settings. Silicone wristbands provided a valuable tool to monitor individual exposures that were time weighted averages of personalized exposure. The ambient study captured 49 individual compounds including PAHs, personal and consumer products, pesticides, phthalates, and as well as other industrial compounds. In the occupational study, roofers working with hot asphalt wore silicone samplers and evidence of both temporal (day versus week deployment, p

Download or read book A New Paradigm for Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology written by Guibin Jiang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-09 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of the theoretical developments and technological breakthroughs that have deepened our understanding of environmental pollution and human health, while also promoting a comprehensive strategy to address these problems. The respective chapters highlight groundbreaking concepts fueling the development of environmental chemistry and toxicology; revolutionary analytical and computational approaches providing novel insights into environmental health; and nature-inspired, innovative engineering solutions for tackling complex hazardous exposures. The book also features a forward-looking perspective on emerging environmental issues that call for new research and regulatory paradigms, laying the groundwork for future advances in the broad field of environmental chemistry and toxicology. Written by respected authorities in the field, A New Paradigm for Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology - From Concepts to Insights will offer an invaluable reference guide for concerned researchers and professional practitioners for years to come.

Download or read book Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation written by Josep M. Bayona and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 2998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation is a complete treatment of the theory and methodology of sampling in all physical phases and the theory of sample preparation for all major extraction techniques. It is the perfect starting point for researchers and students to design and implement their experiments and support those experiments with quality-reviewed background information. In its four volumes, fundamentals of sampling and sample preparation are reinforced through broad and detailed sections dealing with Biological and Medical, Environmental and Forensic, and Food and Beverage applications. The contributions are organized to reflect the way in which analytical chemists approach a problem. It is intended for a broad audience of analytical chemists, both educators and practitioners of the art and can assist in the preparation of courses as well in the selection of sampling and sample preparation techniques to address the challenges at hand. Above all, it is designed to be helpful in learning more about these topics, as well as to encourage an interest in sampling and sample preparation by outlining the present practice of the technology and by indicating research opportunities. Sampling and Sample preparation is a large and well-defined field in Analytical Chemistry, relevant for many application areas such as medicine, environmental science, biochemistry, pharmacology, geology, and food science. This work covers all these aspects and will be extremely useful to researchers and students, who can use it as a starting point to design and implement their experiments and for quality-reviewed background information There are limited resources that Educators can use to effectively teach the fundamental aspects of modern sample preparation technology. Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation addresses this need, but focuses on the common principles of new developments in extraction technologies rather than the differences between techniques thus facilitating a more thorough understanding Provides a complete overview of the field. Not only will help to save time, it will also help to make correct assessments and avoid costly mistakes in sampling in the process Sample and sample preparation are integral parts of the analytical process but are often less considered and sometimes even completely disregarded in the available literature. To fill this gap, leading scientists have contributed 130 chapters, organized in 4 volumes, covering all modern aspects of sampling and liquid, solid phase and membrane extractions, as well as the challenges associated with different types of matrices in relevant application areas

Download or read book Development Validation Uptake Rate Modeling and Field Applications of a New Permeation Passive Sampler written by Suresh Seethapathy and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive air sampling techniques are an attractive alternative to active air sampling because of the lower costs, simple deployment and retrieval methods, minimum training requirements, no need for power sources, etc.. Because of their advantages, passive samplers are now widely used not only for water and indoor, outdoor and workplace air analysis, but also for soil-gas sampling required for various purposes, including vapor intrusion studies, contamination mapping and remediation. A simple and cost effective permeation-type passive sampler, invented in our laboratory, was further developed and validated during this project. The sampler is based on a 1.8 mL crimp-cap gas chromatography autosampler vial equipped with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane and filled with a carbon based adsorbent. Apart from the low material costs of the sampler and ease of fabrication, the design allows for potential automation of the extraction and chromatographic analysis for high-throughput analysis. The use of highly non-polar PDMS reduces water uptake into the sampler and reduces early adsorbent saturation. The thermodynamic properties of PDMS result in moderately low sampling rate effects with temperature variations. Further, the use of PDMS allows for easy estimation of the uptake-rates based on the physicochemical properties of the analytes such as retention indices determined using capillary columns coated with PDMS stationary phase. In the thesis, the theoretical and practical aspects of the new design with regards to uptake kinetics modeling and the dependence of the calibration constants on temperature, humidity, linear flow velocity of air across the sampler surface, sampler geometry, sampling duration, and analyte concentrations are discussed. The permeability of polydimethylsiloxane toward various analytes, as well as thermodynamic parameters such as the energy of activation of permeation through PDMS membranes was determined. Finally, many applications of the passive samplers developed in actual field locations, vital for the field validation and future regulatory acceptance are presented. The areas of application of the samplers include indoor and outdoor air monitoring, horizontal and vertical soil-gas contamination profiling and vapour intrusion studies.

Download or read book Guidelines for the Use of the Semipermeable Membrane Device Spmd and the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler Pocis in Environmental Monitoring Studies written by David A. Alvarez and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of an environmental monitoring study using passive samplers, or any sampling method, begins in the office or laboratory. Regardless of the specific methods used, the general steps include the formulation of a sampling plan, training of personnel, performing the field (sampling) work, processing the collected samples to recover chemicals of inter- est, analysis of the enriched extracts, and interpretation of the data. Each of these areas will be discussed in the following sections with emphasis on specific considerations with the use of passive samplers.

Download or read book Siloxanes Advances in Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Siloxanes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Siloxanes in a concise format. The editors have built Siloxanes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Siloxanes in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Siloxanes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring written by Richard Greenwood and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-07-03 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring pollutants in air, soil and water is a routine requirement in the workplace, and in the wider environment. Passive samplers can provide a representative picture of levels of pollutants over a period of time from days to months by measuring the average concentrations to which they have been exposed. Air monitors are widely used, for instance to measure the exposure of workers to volatile compounds, but also for monitoring the fate of pollutants in the atmosphere. Passive sampling devices are now becomining increasingly used to monitor pollutants in rivers, coastal waters and ground water where contamination results from sources such as domestic and industrial discharges, and the use of agrochemicals. Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring provides a timely collection of information on a set of techniques that help monitor the quality of air, surface and ground waters. Passive sampling can provide an inexpensive means of obtaining a representative picture of quality over a period of time, even where levels of pollutants fluctuate due to discontinuous discharges or seasonal application of chemicals such as pesticides. Recent changes in legislation have increased the pressure to obtain better information than that provided by classical infrequent spot sampling.Brought together in one source, this book looks at the performance of a range of devices for the passive sampling of metals, and of non-polar and polar organic chemicals in air and in water. The strengths and weaknesses and the range of applicability of the technology are considered.* Comprehensive review of passive sampling - covering air, water and majority of available technologies in one volume* Chapters written by international specialist experts * Covers theory and applications, providing background information and guidelines for use in the field

Download or read book Radioactive Elements Advances in Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive Elements—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Radioactive Elements. The editors have built Radioactive Elements—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Radioactive Elements in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Radioactive Elements—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Development of Alternative Green Sample Preparation Techniques written by Emanuela Gionfriddo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Special Issue of Separations, “Development of Alternative Green Sample Preparation Techniques”, provides an overview on recent trends in green sample preparation. This Special Issue of Separations collates 11 impressive contributions that describe the state-of-the-art in the development of green extraction technologies, from green materials for microextraction to the development of new sampling devices geometries for enhanced extraction efficiency and analysis throughput.

Download or read book In vitro Environmental Toxicology Concepts Application and Assessment written by Georg Reifferscheid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-16 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book review series presents current trends in modern biotechnology. The aim is to cover all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology where knowledge, methods and expertise are required from chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, chemical engineering and computer science.Volumes are organized topically and provide a comprehensive discussion of developments in the respective field over the past 3-5 years. The series also discusses new discoveries and applications. Special volumes are dedicated to selected topics which focus on new biotechnological products and new processes for their synthesis and purification.In general, special volumes are edited by well-known guest editors. The series editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English.

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements written by Thomas Foken and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 1761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.

Download or read book Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples Second Edition written by Jose L. Tadeo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a critical overview of analytical methods used for the determination of pesticide residues and other contaminants in food and environmental samples by modern instrumental analysis. It contains up-to-date material including recent trends in sample preparation, general methods used for pesticide analysis and quality assurance aspects, and chromatographic and immunoassay methods. The rest of the book describes particular analytical methods used for the determination of pesticides in food and soil, water and air. In addition, the levels of these chemicals found in food, their regulatory aspects and the monitoring of pesticides in the environment are described.

Download or read book Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment written by Leo M.L. Nollet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed handbook covers different chromatographic analysis techniques and chromatographic data for compounds found in air, water, and soil, and sludge. The new edition outlines developments relevant to environmental analysis, especially when using chromatographic mass spectrometric techniques. It addresses new issues, new lines of discussion, and new findings, and develops in greater detail the aspects related to chromatographic analysis in the environment. It also includes different analytical methodologies, addresses instrumental aspects, and outlines conclusions and perspectives for the future.

Download or read book Monitors of Organic Chemicals in the Environment written by James N. Huckins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors of this book are pioneers of the passive, integrative sampling approach and developers of globally applied semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). The book will boost understanding of how passive samplers such as SPMD function by examining basic exchange processes that mediate the concentration of SVOCs in a sampling matrix. The book delineates fundamental theory and modeling techniques, while providing a practical guide for its proper application.

Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Download or read book The Application of Green Solvents in Separation Processes written by Francisco Pena-Pereira and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Application of Green Solvents in Separation Processes features a logical progression of a wide range of topics and methods, beginning with an overview of green solvents, covering everything from water and organic solvents, to ionic liquids, switchable solvents, eutectic mixtures, supercritical fluids, gas-expanded solvents, and more. In addition, the book outlines green extraction techniques, such as green membrane extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and surfactant-mediated extraction techniques. Green sampling and sample preparation techniques are then explored, followed by green analytical separations, including green gas and liquid capillary chromatography, counter current chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and other electrical separations. Applications of green chemistry techniques that are relevant for a broad range of scientific and technological areas are covered, including the benefits and challenges associated with their application. - Provides insights into recent advances in greener extraction and separation processes - Gives an understanding of alternatives to harmful solvents commonly used in extraction and separation processes, as well as advanced techniques for such processes - Written by a multidisciplinary group of internationally recognized scientists