Download or read book Neuropeptides in Crustaceans written by Chuanzi OuYang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, multifaceted biological mass spectrometry (MS) based methods were developed and employed to enable comprehensive characterization of neuropeptides. Neuropeptides encompass the largest and most diverse group of signaling molecules in the nervous system. They are necessary for the initiation and regulation of numerous physiological processes such as feeding, reproduction and development. Due to the complexity and inaccessibility of human systems, many invertebrate model nervous systems have been utilized as test bed for neuropeptidome research. Of these, the decapod crustacean nervous system provides an excellent test bed to facilitate technology development and investigate the biological functions of neuropeptides. A review of the current status and progress in the field of invertebrate neuropeptide is included in this thesis. Among various MS based technologies, we focused on developing new methodologies in mass spectral imaging (MSI) to provide high throughput tools for multiplexed distribution characterization. Current development of MSI and microdialysis based MS approaches have been summarized as the background of MSI related projects. To this rapidly expanding body of literature, the work presented here contributes insight into the possible functionality of certain peptides by identifying neuropeptides found to be differentially expressed in correlation with food intake and changes of environmental conditions. This comparative peptidomic study utilized direct tissue analysis, MSI and stable isotopic labeling to provide comprehensive information regarding to peptide expression level changes under different physiological states. In addition, sample preparation method was developed to detect trace level of neuropeptides from crustacean circulating fluid hemolymph. Furthermore, optimized sample preparation for imaging mass spectrometry was developed to greatly increase the coverage of peptidome and the accuracy of identification. Finally, using established techniques, novel neuropeptides were identified from the neuroendocrine organs in Dungeness crab and rock crab, and their distribution was also investigated. Collectively, this body of work extends the capability of mass spectrometry as a bioanalytical tool for neuropeptide analysis and advances the basic understanding of neuronal signaling.

Download or read book Neuropeptide Signaling in Crustaceans Probed by Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropeptides are one of the most diverse classes of signaling molecules whose identities and functions are not yet fully understood. They have been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of physiological processes, including feeding-related and motivated behaviors, and also environmental adaptations. In this work, improved mass spectrometry-based analytical platforms were developed and applied to the crustacean systems to characterize signaling molecules. This dissertation begins with a review of mass spectrometry-based neuropeptide studies from both temporal- and spatial-domains. This review is then followed by several chapters detailing a few research projects related to the crustacean neuropeptidomic characterization and comparative analysis. The neuropeptidome of crayfish, Orconectes rusticus is characterized for the first time using mass spectrometry-based tools. In vivo microdialysis sampling technique offers the capability of direct sampling from extracellular space in a time-resolved manner. It is used to investigate the secreted neuropeptide and neurotransmitter content in Jonah crab, Cancer borealis, in this work. A new quantitation strategy using alternative mass spectrometry data acquisition approach is developed and applied for the first time to quantify neuropeptides. Coupling of this method with microdialysis enables the study of neuropeptide dynamics concurrent with different behaviors. Proof-of-principle experiments validating this approach have been carried out in Jonah crab, Cancer borealis to study feeding- and circadian rhythm-related neuropeptide changes using micoridialysis in a time-resolved manner. This permits a close correlation between behavioral and neurochemical changes, providing potential candidates for future validation of regulatory roles. In addition to providing spatial information, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique enables the characterization of signaling molecules while preserving the temporal resolution. A novel MSI-based platform is developed by interfacing with microdialysis sample collection and is applied to the study of in vivo neuropeptide degradation profiles in an off-line ‘real-time’ fashion. This unique platform provides novel insights into neuropeptide inactivation/elimination process, which is an essential step to understand peptidegic signaling pathway. In addition to neuropeptides, this platform has been further modified to study secreted neurotransmitters, and small molecule metabolites that might interact with neuropeptides in crustacean for the first time. This work not only reports improvements upon neuropeptides identification and quantitation by developing improved analytical strategies, but also provides important evidence for the potential roles of several neuropeptides in regulating food intake and circadian rhythm behaviors. Novel platform that integrates MALDI-MSI with microdialysis in exploring neurochemical changes in dynamic biological events is also presented, which could be potentially applied to many other systems in future research. Collectively this dissertation research develops new analytical methods and improves our fundamental understanding of neuropeptide signaling.

Download or read book Hyperglycemic Neuropeptides in Crustaceans written by Cornelis Pieter Tensen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Crustacean Nervous System written by Konrad Wiese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique selection of reviews summarizes current knowledge in all major fields of crustacean neurobiology and all levels of their CNS organization, using lobster and crayfish. It not only imparts theoretical knowledge but also describes all available contemporary and advanced techniques, such as patch clamp recordings, microelectrode techniques, immunocytochemistry, and all methods of molecular genetics to identify cellular pathways of protein synthesis and peptidergic control. In summary, it is a comprehensive account of the research achievements in one of the major nervous systems besides the mammalian CNS.

Download or read book Mass Spectral Characterization of Neuropeptides in Cancer Crabs written by Kimberly Kay Kutz-Naber and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Discovery and Quantification of Crustacean Neuropeptides Using Mass Spectrometry and Informatics Approaches written by Nhu Vu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of endogenous peptides is important for discovering critical elements involved in many physiological processes and disorders. Neuropeptides are endogenous peptide hormones that regulate these processes by binding to receptors to initiate cellular signaling pathways. Discovery of neuropeptide function is an increasingly popular avenue for disease therapeutics research, resulting in increased need for improved neuropeptide characterization methods. Although mass spectrometry (MS) is well-suited for neuropeptide analysis due to its high sensitivity and capacity for untargeted, global neuropeptide measurements, there are still technical challenges that must be overcome. For example, neuropeptide sequences within a peptide family are highly homologous and therefore must be analyzed in their intact form to obtain high sequence coverage for confident identification and often require high resolution instrumentation. This becomes more challenging as sequence length and post-translational modification complexity increases. In this thesis, I will discuss my efforts in improving MS-based neuropeptidomic workflows, specifically in relation to "top-down" protein and peptide characterization, while highlighting improvements in identification and quantification of peptides through optimized fragmentation and cysteine reactive labeling. I will also discuss my contributions to our group's novel software, HyPep, enabling utility for confident neuropeptide identification. Altogether, these methods have contributed to increased neuropeptide coverage and can be translated to the analysis of other peptide classes.This thesis begins with two reviews of recent developments in MS-based analysis of neuropeptides. Each review outlines examples of how advancements in MS sample preparation, MS acquisition, data analysis, and technology has increased our understanding of neuropeptides, and provides insight on promising directions for further development within each section. My research contributions in Professor Lingjun Li's research group started by applying peptidomics workflows to quantify changes in neuropeptide expression due to hypoxia stress in a crustacean animal model, C. sapidus. Using the same animal model, we also increased the number of detectable neuropeptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS imaging by incorporating novel tissue wash steps during sample preparation. Over 100 putative peptidomic biomarkers for different levels of hypoxia severity and duration were discovered within multiple tissue types. Four neuropeptide biomarkers were examined for functional activity and two neuropeptides were discovered to increase cardiac output ex vivo, including the first-ever reported function for a crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursor-related peptide (CPRP). Since CPRP (3.5 kDa) is co-released with crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) neuropeptide (8.5 kDa), an important neuropeptide that regulates glucose metabolism, we did not detect CHH in these hypoxia studies because its larger size prevented confident detection using typical neuropeptidomic MS workflow and data acquisition methods. Previous members of our research group have developed MS methods to sequence CHH, but limitations of those methods included requiring multiple MS instruments or reliance on targeted MS strategies in which information of potential novel neuropeptides is lost. I built upon those MS acquisition and data analysis methods and was able to sequence novel CHH isoforms and proteoforms, without assistance from genomic or transcriptomic-based sequence prediction, using a Thermo Orbitrap Fusion Lumos instrument. Additionally, I developed novel sample preparation methods to reduce the disulfide bonds and alkylate all six cysteine residues on CHH at high efficiency (83-89% labeling efficiency). While developing methods for CHH are beneficial for analyzing mid-size (8-10 kDa) peptides, I sought to also advance general neuropeptidomics data analysis pipeline. A novel concept for neuropeptide identification software, called HyPep, was created 10 years ago but was not finished and could not be used. To make the software usable, I incorporated features typically used in peptide-spectrum matching (PSM)-based algorithms in proteomics software, such as a false discovery rate. I optimized the software parameters which resulted in HyPep outperforming an analogous commercial software in identifying neuropeptides from four crustacean neuronal tissue types. Collectively, this dissertation is devoted to advancing sample preparation, data acquisition, and data analysis strategies for neuropeptidomics, and these methods are also potentially translatable to analyze other classes of endogenous peptides.

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry Methods and Applications for Functional Characterization of the Crustacean Neuropeptidome written by Kellen Lynn DeLaney and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropeptides are a diverse class of signaling molecules that are responsible for modulating numerous functions within the nervous system. They are challenging to study because, like most signaling molecules, they are present in low abundances in vivo and prone to rapid degradation. In this dissertation, multifaceted mass spectrometry (MS) methods are developed and implemented to characterize neuropeptides within crustacean model organisms. Decapod crustaceans are a useful model for understanding circuit dynamics due to their simplified nervous system, robust central pattern generators, and homology to higher-order organisms, including mammals. This work involves developing methods to improve the coverage of neuropeptides detected by implementing complementary separation and ionization techniques, the identification and reproducibility of neuropeptide analysis with optimized mass spectral acquisition parameters, and the accuracy of sequence information with software specifically designed for neuropeptide analysis. These methods are utilized to profile the neuropeptides present in the cardiac neuromuscular system that may be responsible for modulating heartbeat, as well as feeding-related neuropeptides in tissue and circulating fluid that may be implicated in generating rhythms related to chewing and filtering of food. Overall, this dissertation research develops improved methods for analyzing neuropeptides, demonstrates the utility of these methods for better understanding their functional roles within crustacean model organisms, and provides deeper insight into how these neuropeptides may be involved in modulating key central pattern generators and influencing circuit dynamics.

Download or read book Multi faceted Mass Spectrometric Approaches for the Analysis of Neuropeptides in Crustacean written by Ruibing Chen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sexual Biology and Reproduction in Crustaceans written by Thanumalaya Subramoniam and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual Biology and Reproduction in Crustaceans covers crustacean reproduction as it deals with the structural morphology of the gamete-producing primary sex organs, such as the testis and ovary, the formation and maturation of gametes, their fusion during fertilization, and embryonic development that lead to the release of larvae. Constituting a diverse assemblage of animals, crustaceans are best known by their common representatives, such as shrimps, lobsters, and crabs, but also include many more less familiar, but biologically important forms. This work covers the variety of ways in which both male and female gametes are produced by evolving different sexual systems in crustaceans, the range of reproductive systems, and the accordingly, and highly diverse, mechanistic modes of sex determination. In addition, the book features such topics as genetic and environmental determinants in sex determination pattern, variability of mechanisms of fertilization among different species, the origin of different mating systems, the associated mating and brooding behaviors, and the adaptive ability to different environmental conditions with discussion on the evolutionary ecology of social and sexual systems in certain species, which have shown eusocial tendencies, similar to social insects. Marine species occupying diversified ecological niches in tropical and temperate zones reproduce under definitive environmental conditions. Therefore, reproductive ecology of different crustaceans inhabiting different ecological niches also constitutes another important aspect of the work, along with yolk utilization and embryogenesis leading to release of different larval forms, which reflect on their aquatic adaptability. Forms a valuable source of recent references on the current research in crustacean reproductive physiology Covers various mating and breeding systems, providing illustrative examples for sexual selection, parental care of developing eggs and embryos, and the evolution of other reproductive behaviors Features contributions written in the form of review articles, enabling readers to not only gain information in the respective subject, but also help them stimulate ideas in their chosen field of research Includes a glossary created by the author to define technical terms Demonstrates the ability of crustacean species to serve as useful model systems for other organisms, to investigate issues related to sexual conflict, mate choice, and sperm competition Discusses techniques in endocrine research to help researchers in aquaculture develop protocols in the control of reproduction

Download or read book Behavioral Genetics of the Fly Drosophila Melanogaster written by Josh Dubnau and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive portrayal of the behaviour genetics of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and the methods used in these studies.

Download or read book Peptidomics written by Mikhail Soloviev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-12-21 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to peptidomics- a hands-on lab reference The first truly comprehensive book about peptidomics for protein and peptide analysis, this reference provides a detailed description of the hows and whys of peptidomics and how the techniques have evolved. With chapters contributed by leading experts, it covers naturally occurring peptides, peptidomics methods and new developments, and the peptidomics approach to biomarker discovery. Explaining both the principles and the applications, Peptidomics: Methods and Applications: * Features examples of applications in diverse fields, including pharmaceutical science, toxicity biomarkers, and neuroscience * Details the successful peptidomic analyses of biological material ranging from plants to mammals * Describes a cross section of analytical techniques, including traditional methodologies, emerging trends, and new techniques for high throughput approaches An enlightening reference for experienced professionals, this book is sufficiently detailed to serve as a step-by-step guide for beginning researchers and an excellent resource for students taking biotechnology and proteomics courses. It is an invaluable reference for protein chemists and biochemists, professionals and researchers in drug and biopharmaceutical development, analytical and bioanalytical chemists, toxicologists, and others.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology written by John H. Byrne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invertebrates have proven to be extremely useful model systems for gaining insights into the neural and molecular mechanisms of sensory processing, motor control and higher functions such as feeding behavior, learning and memory, navigation, and social behavior. A major factor in their enormous contributions to neuroscience is the relative simplicity of invertebrate nervous systems. In addition, some invertebrates, primarily the molluscs, have large cells, which allow analyses to take place at the level of individually identified neurons. Individual neurons can be surgically removed and assayed for expression of membrane channels, levels of second messengers, protein phosphorylation, and RNA and protein synthesis. Moreover, peptides and nucleotides can be injected into individual neurons. Other invertebrate model systems such as Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans offer tremendous advantages for obtaining insights into the neuronal bases of behavior through the application of genetic approaches. The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology reviews the many neurobiological principles that have emerged from invertebrate analyses, such as motor pattern generation, mechanisms of synaptic transmission, and learning and memory. It also covers general features of the neurobiology of invertebrate circadian rhythms, development, and regeneration and reproduction. Some neurobiological phenomena are species-specific and diverse, especially in the domain of the neuronal control of locomotion and camouflage. Thus, separate chapters are provided on the control of swimming in annelids, crustaea and molluscs, locomotion in hexapods, and camouflage in cephalopods. Unique features of the handbook include chapters that review social behavior and intentionality in invertebrates. A chapter is devoted to summarizing past contributions of invertebrates to the understanding of nervous systems and identifying areas for future studies that will continue to advance that understanding.

Download or read book Hemolymph Proteins and Functional Peptides written by Muhammad Tufail and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent molecular studies have revealed an overwhelming role of hemolymph proteins and functional peptides in invertebrate physiology. This is mainly due to the large assortment of biomolecular factors each with a different structure and function. In addit

Download or read book Model Neural Networks and Behavior written by Allen Selverston and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Control of Chromatophores written by M. Fingerman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Control of Chromatophores focuses on the color changes in animals, particularly among the invertebrates. Cells containing pigment that can disperse or concentrate, thereby changing the tint of the organism in which they lie, are known as chromatophores. Well-developed, functional chromatophore systems are common among cephalopods, crustaceans, and poikilotherm vertebrates. Rare instances are found among other groups such as annelids, echinoderms, and insects. After an introduction to the types, chemistry, and functional significance of chromatophores, this text concentrates on the chromatophores of crustaceans, insects, cephalopods, echinoderms, and vertebrates. This book is recommended for students and biologists conducting work on chromatophores and color changes.

Download or read book Animal Metamorphosis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume of Current Topics in Developmental Biology covers recent progresses in our understanding of animal metamorphosis. Over a dozen of leading experts reviews studies ranging from morphological, molecular to genetic analyses of metamorphosis in a broad spectrum of animals, including insects, fish. Topics include molecular evolution in metamorphosis, the synthesis and function of hormones in regulating metamorphic timing and rate, regulation and function of nuclear hormone receptors, neuroendocrine control of metamorphosis, tissue specific metamorphic events such as autophagy and stem cell development, and applications of genome-wide analysis technologies for studying metamorphosis. First comprehensive review of the metamorphosis in diverse animal species by leading experts in the field Covers a broad range of subjects: from morphological changes, molecular and genetic studies, to cutting-edge technologies for metamorphic studies; from systematic changes to tissue specific events, such as autophagy and stem cell development, which are areas of enormous interest in contemporary biomedical research Serves as a reference book for undergraduate and graduate students in fields across biology and biomedicine

Download or read book Dynamic Biological Networks written by Ronald M. Harris-Warrick and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) describes some of the best-understood neural networks in the animal kingdom at cellular, network, behavioural, comparative and evolutionary levels of analysis.