Download or read book Neuromodulatory Control of Brainstem Function in Health and Disease written by Brian R. Noga and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuromodulatory Control of Spinal Function in Health and Disease written by Brian R. Noga and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuromodulatory Control of Brainstem Function in Health and Disease written by Brian R. Noga and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brainstem is a conduit connecting higher brain centers, cerebellum and spinal cord and provides the main sensory and motor innervation to the face, head and neck via the cranial nerves. It plays a pivotal role in the regulation of respiration, locomotion, posture, balance, arousal (alertness, awareness and consciousness), sensory information processing (nociception, etc.), autonomic functions (including control of bowel, bladder, blood pressure and heart rate) and is responsible for the regulation of numerous reflexes including swallowing, coughing and vomiting. It is controlled by higher brain centers originating from cortical and subcortical regions including the basal ganglia and diencephalon as well as feedback loops from the cerebellum and spinal cord. A modulatory control of brainstem output can be accomplished by affecting individual neurons and consequently, the operation of neural microcircuits and behavior. This is achieved by altering cellular excitability, synaptic transmission (release probability, postsynaptic receptor responsiveness, thus altering synaptic strength and efficacy) and network properties. Such dynamic control provides flexibility of the nervous system to adapt neural output according to the functional requirements and/or demands of the individual to achieve the desired behavioral state in a changing environment. Neuromodulation can be achieved by the "classical" neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid) by primary excitation and inhibition of the "anatomical network", but can also be achieved through the use of transmitters acting on G- protein coupled receptors. Such neuromodulators include the monoamines (serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine), acetylcholine, but also glutamate and GABA. In addition, neuropeptides and purines act as neuromodulators. Other chemical mediators such as nitric oxide and growth factors may also have similar actions. The aim of this Research Topic is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic neuromodulatory systems affecting brainstem function from the anatomical, physiological and pharmacological perspective and to emphasize how these advances strengthen, modify or challenge existing conceptual models of sensorimotor and autonomic control.
Download or read book Transmitters and Modulators in Health and Disease written by Seiji Shioda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-10-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prominent international researchers contributed to this volume of reports advancing the study of brain function and morphology. Comprising investigations in several areas of neuroscience, the book includes research in neurodegenerative diseases and in neuroregeneration in adults. Described here are the effects of neuropeptides and biogenic amines on feeding, respiration, and other autonomic functions as well as on behavior. One chapter focuses on regulation of the blood brain barrier function by various neuropeptides, proteins, receptors, and transporters. Another is concerned with the modulation of higher brain functions by neuropeptides and biogenic monoamines. Yet another chapter presents research on ischemic neuronal damage and hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult mouse. Morphological or physiological techniques to study neuropeptides and neuromodulators influencing higher-order or brain-stem functions are given particular attention. The use of bio-imaging tools such as brain navigation systems and fMRIs with patients in a clinical setting creates new possibilities for investigation of human brain function and specialization of treatment.
Download or read book Neuronal Networks in Brain Function CNS Disorders and Therapeutics written by Carl Faingold and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-26 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuronal Networks in Brain Function, CNS Disorders, and Therapeutics, edited by two leaders in the field, offers a current and complete review of what we know about neural networks. How the brain accomplishes many of its more complex tasks can only be understood via study of neuronal network control and network interactions. Large networks can undergo major functional changes, resulting in substantially different brain function and affecting everything from learning to the potential for epilepsy. With chapters authored by experts in each topic, this book advances the understanding of: - How the brain carries out important tasks via networks - How these networks interact in normal brain function - Major mechanisms that control network function - The interaction of the normal networks to produce more complex behaviors - How brain disorders can result from abnormal interactions - How therapy of disorders can be advanced through this network approach This book will benefit neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in networks, as well as clinicians in neuroscience, pharmacology, and psychiatry dealing with neurobiological disorders. - Utilizes perspectives and tools from various neuroscience subdisciplines (cellular, systems, physiologic), making the volume broadly relevant - Chapters explore normal network function and control mechanisms, with an eye to improving therapies for brain disorders - Reflects predominant disciplinary shift from an anatomical to a functional perspective of the brain - Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available
Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Download or read book Atlas of the Human Brainstem written by George Paxinos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work on the human brainstem has been impeded by the unavailability of a comprehensive diagrammatic and photographic atlas. In the authors' preliminary work on the morphology of the human brainstem (The Human Nervous System, 1990), Paxinos et al demonstrated that it is possible to use chemoarchitecture to establish a number of human homologs in structures known to exist in the rat, the most extensively studied species. Now, with the first detailed atlas on the human brainstem in more than forty years, the authors present an accurate, comprehensive, and convenient reference for students, researchers, and pathologists. Key Features * The first detailed atlas on the human brainstem in more than forty years * Delineated as accurately as The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Second Edition (Paxinos/Watson, 1986), the most cited book in neuroscience * Based on a single brain from a 59-year-old male with no medical history of neurological or psychiatric illness * Represents all areas of the medulla, pons, and midbrain in the plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the brainstem * Consists of 64 plates and 64 accompanying diagrams with an interplate distance of half a millimeter * The photographs are of Nissl and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) stained sections at alternate levels * Establishes systematically the human homologs to nuclei identified in the brainstem of the rat Reviewed by leading neuroanatomists * An accurate and convenient guide for students, researchers, and pathologists
Download or read book Non Invasive Neuromodulation of the Central Nervous System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-11-02 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on advances in biotechnology and neuroscience, non-invasive neuromodulation devices are poised to gain clinical importance in the coming years and to be of increasing interest to patients, clinicians,health systems, payers, and industry. Evidence suggests that both therapeutic and non-therapeutic applications of non-invasive neuromodulation will continue to expand in coming years, particularly for indications where treatments are currently insufficient, such as drug-resistant depression. Given the growing interest in non-invasive neuromodulation technologies, the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a workshop, inviting a range of stakeholders - including developers of devices and new technologies, researchers, clinicians, ethicists, regulators, and payers - to explore the opportunities, challenges, and ethical questions surrounding the development, regulation, and reimbursement of these devices for the treatment of nervous system disorders as well as for non-therapeutic uses, including cognitive and functional enhancement. This report highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research pt A Subject access A H written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress and Health written by William R. Lovallo and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress and Health: Biological and Psychological Interactions, by William R. Lovallo, is a brief and accessible examination of psychological stress and its psychophysiological relationships with cognition, emotions, brain functions, and the peripheral mechanisms by which the body is regulated. Updated throughout, the Third Edition covers two new and significant areas of emerging research: how our early life experiences alter key stress responsive systems at the level of gene expression; and what large, normal, and small stress responses may mean for our overall health and well-being.
Download or read book Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders written by Eric Nofzinger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date, superbly illustrated practical guide to the effective use of neuroimaging in the patient with sleep disorders. The only book to date to provide comprehensive coverage of this topic. A must for all healthcare workers interested in understanding the causes, consequences and treatment of sleep disorders.
Download or read book Duvernoy s Atlas of the Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum written by Thomas P. Naidich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-25 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This atlas instills a solid knowledge of anatomy by correlating thin-section brain anatomy with corresponding clinical magnetic resonance images in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. The authors correlate advanced neuromelanin imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor tractography with clinical 3 and 4 T MRI. Each brain stem region is then analyzed with 9.4 T MRI to show the anatomy of the medulla, pons, midbrain, and portions of the diencephalonin with an in-plane resolution comparable to myelin- and Nissl-stained light microscopy. The book’s carefully organized diagrams and images teach with a minimum of text.
Download or read book Brain Disorders in Critical Illness written by Robert D. Stevens and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain dysfunction is a major clinical problem in intensive care, with potentially debilitating long-term consequences for post-ICU patients of any age. The resulting extended length of stay in the ICU and post-discharge cognitive dysfunction are now recognized as major healthcare burdens. This comprehensive clinical text provides intensivists and neurologists with a practical review of the pathophysiology of brain dysfunction and a thorough account of the diagnostic and therapeutic options available. Initial sections review the epidemiology, outcomes, relevant behavioral neurology and biological mechanisms of brain dysfunction. Subsequent sections evaluate the available diagnostic options and preventative and therapeutic interventions, with a final section on clinical encephalopathy syndromes encountered in the ICU. Each chapter is rich in illustrations, with an executive summary and a helpful glossary of terms. Brain Disorders in Critical Illness is a seminal reference for all physicians and neuroscientists interested in the care and outcome of severely ill patients.
Download or read book Neuro Urology Research written by Anne M.J. Verstegen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-05-08 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuro-Urology Research: A Comprehensive Overview describes the current status of the neuro-urology field including the latest discoveries, explains in detail some of the neuroscience tools that can be used when studying the neural control of the lower urinary tract, and discusses potential future directions for research. The first section, Neuroscience in Urology Research, reviews neuro-regulators and the important anatomical brain sites. It also provides an overview of voluntary versus reflex micturition control and describes how bladder physiology readout is a useful tool in research. The second section, Fundamental and Translational Neuro-Urology Research, discusses the translational potential of basic research for patients and the impact of neuro-urology research on clinical practice. Chapters in this section provide more insight into pathologies endemic to specific patient populations and areas for treatment development opportunities. The third section, Neurobiological Tools Applied to Neuro-Urology Research, supplements the ‘A Quick Guide to the "Neuroscience Toolbox"’ and introduces research techniques such as RNA sequencing and calcium imaging of neural activity. The fourth and final section, aptly titled Research Directions and Research Opportunities, covers research directions that remain underexplored or have high therapeutic potential. Research in neuro-urology presents a route to understanding how bladder function is controlled and how urinary continence is maintained. This book provides a platform for researchers to initiate collaborations on the many underexplored research topics and to consolidate knowledge, ultimately lending itself to a coordinated and multi-center research approach that will benefit the field. Presents a comprehensive overview of research studies in the field of neuro-urology Discusses approaches to conducting neuro-urology research, including models of lower urinary tract dysfunction and methods of tracking bladder physiology Proposes areas of research opportunity that, if explored, could yield effective treatment options for those affected by lower urinary tract disorders Includes an introductory guide to useful research tools and the "Neuroscience Toolbox", as well as chapters specifically about RNA sequencing techniques and imaging bladder-associated neural circuits
Download or read book GABA signaling in health and disease written by Yehezkel Ben-Ari and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GABAergic neurons provide most of the inhibitory drive of adult networks and play major roles in the integrative properties of brain networks. Alterations of GABAergic signals are associated with major neurological disorders and GABA mimetic drugs are widely used as comfort molecules and to treat several brain disorders. Thus, the inhibitory drive is altered in epilepsies, infantile developmentally related disorders but also Parkinson disease, and anoxo-ischemic insults to just name a few. From the developmental stand point, GABAergic neurons mature before principal neurons and provide an important source of early activities and are thus instrumental in activity dependent modulation of the construction of cortical functional units. The goal of this Research Topic is to bring together experts studying GABA signals at the molecular, cellular and network levels in physiological and pathological conditions and to examine the fate of GABA signals along transversal ideas linking these diverse domains. A particular emphasis is brain maturation as it is now clear that alteration of developmental sequences -notably of GABA signals- impairs brain development leading to life long deleterious neurological sequels. While this Frontiers Research Topic originated as a repository of work presented at CNCR Amsterdam, papers are invited from researchers continuing to work on this topic as the field expands.
