Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Visual Segmentation Using Motion and Depth Cues in Cortical Area MT written by Venkta Lakshmi Anjani Chakrala and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our dynamic world requires us to discern objects in complex environments to effectively interact with our surroundings. Our visual system has the remarkable ability to seamlessly segment objects from each other, unmatched by current machine vision systems, that enables us to understand visual scenes and guides actions. In natural vision, visual motion combined with other features like depth and cognitive abilities like attention is important to segment objects. Visual motion processing is widely studied at both perceptual and physiological levels. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the segmentation of multiple objects aided by motion combined with other features like depth and spatial location are not fully understood. The goal of this dissertation is to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the segmentation of multiple objects using motion direction, speed, depth (binocular disparity), and spatial location. Toward this, in chapter 2, I determined the neural representation of multiple objects, that differed in depth and motion direction and investigated the effect of selective attention on this representation. We designed a novel motion discrimination task, in which macaque monkeys selectively attended to one of two moving surfaces separated in depth. The task was paired with electrophysiological recordings from the middle temporal area (MT), known for its selectivity to visual motion and binocular disparity. Our results suggest that to represent multiple surfaces with different depths and motion direction, MT neurons leverage their preference to the binocular disparity of the constituent surfaces, so that the information about the two motion directions is distributed over neuronal subgroups defined by their disparity preferences (near and far-preferred neurons). Selective attention to one disparity enhanced the representation of the attended surface and its motion direction. In chapter 3, I investigated how MT neurons encoded two spatially separated stimuli moving at different speeds. Akin to chapter 2, we found that the MT neurons' spatial and speed preferences to single motion were preserved in their responses to two spatially separated speeds, which might help in their segmentation. Together, our results elucidate prevailing neural strategies of encoding multiple visual stimuli, and how the visual system exploits spatial cues either two-dimensional or three-dimensional, together with motion cues to segment multiple objects.
Download or read book Foundations of Vision written by Brian A. Wandell and published by Sinauer Associates, Incorporated. This book was released on 1995 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for students, scientists and engineers interested in learning about the core ideas of vision science, this volume brings together the broad range of data and theory accumulated in this field.
Download or read book Dynamics of Visual Motion Processing written by Guillaume S. Masson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motion processing is an essential piece of the complex brain machinery that allows us to reconstruct the 3D layout of objects in the environment, to break camouflage, to perform scene segmentation, to estimate the ego movement, and to control our action. Although motion perception and its neural basis have been a topic of intensive research and modeling the last two decades, recent experimental evidences have stressed the dynamical aspects of motion integration and segmentation. This book presents the most recent approaches that have changed our view of biological motion processing. These new experimental evidences call for new models emphasizing the collective dynamics of large population of neurons rather than the properties of separate individual filters. Chapters will stress how the dynamics of motion processing can be used as a general approach to understand the brain dynamics itself.
Download or read book Perceiving in Depth Volume 1 Basic Mechanisms written by Ian P. Howard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-27 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume work Perceiving in Depth is a sequel to Binocular Vision and Stereopsis and to Seeing in Depth, both by Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers. This work is much broader in scope than the previous books and includes mechanisms of depth perception by all senses, including aural, electrosensory organs, and the somatosensory system. Volume 1 reviews sensory coding, psychophysical and analytic procedures, and basic visual mechanisms. Volume 2 reviews stereoscopic vision. Volume 3 reviews all mechanisms of depth perception other than stereoscopic vision. The three volumes are extensively illustrated and referenced and provide the most detailed review of all aspects of perceiving the three-dimensional world. Volume 1 starts with a review of the history of visual science from the ancient Greeks to the early 20th century with special attention devoted to the discovery of the principles of perspective and stereoscopic vision. The first chapter also contains an account of early visual display systems, such as panoramas and peepshows, and the development of stereoscopes and stereophotography. A chapter on the psychophysical and analytic procedures used in investigations of depth perception is followed by a chapter on sensory coding and the geometry of visual space. An account of the structure and physiology of the primate visual system proceeds from the eye through the LGN to the visual cortex and higher visual centers. This is followed by a review of the evolution of visual systems and of the development of the mammalian visual system in the embryonic and post-natal periods, with an emphasis on experience-dependent neural plasticity. An account of the development of perceptual functions, especially depth perception, is followed by a review of the effects of early visual deprivation during the critical period of neural plasticity on amblyopia and other defects in depth perception. Volume 1 ends with accounts of the accommodation mechanism of the human eye and vergence eye movements.
Download or read book Representations of Vision written by Andrei Gorea and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-04-26 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This stimulating volume on vision extends well beyond the traditional areas of vision research and places the subject in a much broader philosophical context. The emphasis throughout is to integrate and illuminate the visual process. The first three parts of the volume provide authoritative overviews on computational vision and neural networks, on the neurophysiology of visual cortex processing, and on eye-movement research. Each of these parts illustrates how different research perspectives may jointly solve fundamental problems related to the efficiency of visual perception, to the relationship between vision and eye-movements and to the neurophysiological 'codes' underlying our visual perceptions. In the fourth part, leading vision scientists introduce the reader to some major philosophical problems in vision research such as the nature of 'ultimate' codes for perceptual events, the duality of psycho-physics, the bases of visual recognition and the paradigmatic foundations of computer-vision research.
Download or read book The Senses A Comprehensive Reference written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 5215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set is a comprehensive reference work covering the range of topics that constitute current knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying the different senses. This important work provides the most up-to-date, cutting-edge, comprehensive reference combining volumes on all major sensory modalities in one set. Offering 264 chapters from a distinguished team of international experts, The Senses lays out current knowledge on the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of sensory organs, in a collection of comprehensive chapters spanning 4 volumes. Topics covered include the perception, psychophysics, and higher order processing of sensory information, as well as disorders and new diagnostic and treatment methods. Written for a wide audience, this reference work provides students, scholars, medical doctors, as well as anyone interested in neuroscience, a comprehensive overview of the knowledge accumulated on the function of sense organs, sensory systems, and how the brain processes sensory input. As with the first edition, contributions from leading scholars from around the world will ensure The Senses offers a truly international portrait of sensory physiology. The set is the definitive reference on sensory neuroscience and provides the ultimate entry point into the review and original literature in Sensory Neuroscience enabling students and scientists to delve into the subject and deepen their knowledge. All-inclusive coverage of topics: updated edition offers readers the only current reference available covering neurobiology, physiology, anatomy, and molecular biology of sense organs and the processing of sensory information in the brain Authoritative content: world-leading contributors provide readers with a reputable, dynamic and authoritative account of the topics under discussion Comprehensive-style content: in-depth, complex coverage of topics offers students at upper undergraduate level and above full insight into topics under discussion
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Neuroscience Volume 1 written by Larry R. Squire and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 12505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of the Neuroscience explores all areas of the discipline in its focused entries on a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and other related areas of neuroscience. Each article is written by an expert in that specific domain and peer reviewed by the advisory board before acceptance into the encyclopedia. Each article contains a glossary, introduction, a reference section, and cross-references to other related encyclopedia articles. Written at a level suitable for university undergraduates, the breadth and depth of coverage will appeal beyond undergraduates to professionals and academics in related fields.
Download or read book The Cognitive Neurosciences written by Michael S. Gazzaniga and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 1377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The fourth edition of The Cognitive Neurosciences continues to chart new directions in the study of the biologic underpinnings of complex cognition - the relationship between the structural and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system and the psychological reality of the mind. The material in this edition is entirely new, with all chapters written specifically for it." --Book Jacket.
Download or read book Stevens Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Sensation Perception and Attention written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-12 with total page 1674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: II. Sensation, Perception & Attention: John Serences (Volume Editor) (Topics covered include taste; visual object recognition; touch; depth perception; motor control; perceptual learning; the interface theory of perception; vestibular, proprioceptive, and haptic contributions to spatial orientation; olfaction; audition; time perception; attention; perception and interactive technology; music perception; multisensory integration; motion perception; vision; perceptual rhythms; perceptual organization; color vision; perception for action; visual search; visual cognition/working memory.)
Download or read book Pattern Recognition Mechanisms written by Carlos Chagas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-23 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seeing in Depth Basic mechanisms written by Ian P. Howard and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Large scale Neuronal Theories of the Brain written by Christof Koch and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book originated at a small and informal workshop held in December of 1992 in Idyllwild, a relatively secluded resort village situated amid forests in the San Jacinto Mountains above Palm Springs in Southern California. Eighteen colleagues from a broad range of disciplines, including biophysics, electrophysiology, neuroanatomy, psychophysics, clinical studies, mathematics and computer vision, discussed 'Large Scale Models of the Brain, ' that is, theories and models that cover a broad range of phenomena, including early and late vision, various memory systems, selective attention, and the neuronal code underlying figure-ground segregation and awareness (for a brief summary of this meeting, see Stevens 1993). The bias in the selection of the speakers toward researchers in the area of visual perception reflects both the academic background of one of the organizers as well as the (relative) more mature status of vision compared with other modalities. This should not be surprising given the emphasis we humans place on'seeing' for orienting ourselves, as well as the intense scrutiny visual processes have received due to their obvious usefullness in military, industrial, and robotic applications. JMD.
Download or read book Multisensory Perception written by K. Sathian and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-15 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multisensory Perception: From Laboratory to Clinic surveys the current state of knowledge on multisensory processes, synthesizing information from diverse streams of research and defining hypotheses and questions to direct future work. Reflecting the nature of the field, the book is interdisciplinary, comprising the findings and views of writers with diverse backgrounds and varied methods, including psychophysical, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and neuroimaging approaches. Sections cover basic principles, specific interactions between the senses, the topic of crossmodal correspondences between particular sensory attributes, the related topic of synesthesia, and the clinic. - Offers a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the current state of knowledge on multisensory processes - Coverage includes basic principles, specific interactions between the senses, crossmodal correspondences and the clinical aspects of multisensory processes - Includes psychophysical, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and neuroimaging approaches
Download or read book Visual Detection of Motion written by Andrew T. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain's ability to detect movement within the retinal image is crucial not only for determining the trajectories of moving objects, but also for identifying and interpreting image motion resulting from eye and head movements. This book summarizes our knowledge of how information about image motion is encoded in the brain. Key Features * Valuable reference source for those involved in the rapidly expanding area of motion perception * Strong emphasis on integration of physiological, computation, and psychophysical approaches * Topics include: * Principles of local motion detection * Inputs to local motion detectors * Integration of motion signals * Higher-order interpretation of motion * Motion detection and eye movements
Download or read book Principles of Neural Science Fourth Edition written by Eric R. Kandel and published by McGraw-Hill Medical. This book was released on 2000-01-05 with total page 1466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Doody's Core Title for 2011! 5 STAR DOODY'S REVIEW! "This is a simply wonderful book that makes accessible in one place all the details of how the neuron and brain work. The writing is clear. The drawings are elegant and educational. The book is a feast for both the eye and mind. The richness, the beauty, and the complexity of neuroscience is all captured in this superb book."--Doody's Review Service Now in resplendent color, the new edition continues to define the latest in the scientific understanding of the brain, the nervous system, and human behavior. Each chapter is thoroughly revised and includes the impact of molecular biology in the mechanisms underlying developmental processes and in the pathogenesis of disease. Important features to this edition include a new chapter - Genes and Behavior; a complete updating of development of the nervous system; the genetic basis of neurological and psychiatric disease; cognitive neuroscience of perception, planning, action, motivation and memory; ion channel mechanisms; and much more.
Download or read book Rhythms of the Brain written by G. Buzsáki and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of mechanisms in the brain that allow complicated things to happen in a coordinated fashion have produced some of the most spectacular discoveries in neuroscience. This book provides eloquent support for the idea that spontaneous neuron activity, far from being mere noise, is actually the source of our cognitive abilities. It takes a fresh look at the coevolution of structure and function in the mammalian brain, illustrating how self-emerged oscillatory timing is the brain's fundamental organizer of neuronal information. The small-world-like connectivity of the cerebral cortex allows for global computation on multiple spatial and temporal scales. The perpetual interactions among the multiple network oscillators keep cortical systems in a highly sensitive "metastable" state and provide energy-efficient synchronizing mechanisms via weak links. In a sequence of "cycles," György Buzsáki guides the reader from the physics of oscillations through neuronal assembly organization to complex cognitive processing and memory storage. His clear, fluid writing-accessible to any reader with some scientific knowledge-is supplemented by extensive footnotes and references that make it just as gratifying and instructive a read for the specialist. The coherent view of a single author who has been at the forefront of research in this exciting field, this volume is essential reading for anyone interested in our rapidly evolving understanding of the brain.
