Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Categorization as Precursors to Speech Perception written by Einat Liebenthal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptual categorization is fundamental to the brain’s remarkable ability to process large amounts of sensory information and efficiently recognize objects including speech. Perceptual categorization is the neural bridge between lower-level sensory and higher-level language processing. A long line of research on the physical properties of the speech signal as determined by the anatomy and physiology of the speech production apparatus has led to descriptions of the acoustic information that is used in speech recognition (e.g., stop consonants place and manner of articulation, voice onset time, aspiration). Recent research has also considered what visual cues are relevant to visual speech recognition (i.e., the visual counter-parts used in lipreading or audiovisual speech perception). Much of the theoretical work on speech perception was done in the twentieth century without the benefit of neuroimaging technologies and models of neural representation. Recent progress in understanding the functional organization of sensory and association cortices based on advances in neuroimaging presents the possibility of achieving a comprehensive and far reaching account of perception in the service of language. At the level of cell assemblies, research in animals and humans suggests that neurons in the temporal cortex are important for encoding biological categories. On the cellular level, different classes of neurons (interneurons and pyramidal neurons) have been suggested to play differential roles in the neural computations underlying auditory and visual categorization. The moment is ripe for a research topic focused on neural mechanisms mediating the emergence of speech representations (including auditory, visual and even somatosensory based forms). Important progress can be achieved by juxtaposing within the same research topic the knowledge that currently exists, the identified lacunae, and the theories that can support future investigations. This research topic provides a snapshot and platform for discussion of current understanding of neural mechanisms underlying the formation of perceptual categories and their relationship to language from a multidisciplinary and multisensory perspective. It includes contributions (reviews, original research, methodological developments) pertaining to the neural substrates, dynamics, and mechanisms underlying perceptual categorization and their interaction with neural processes governing speech perception.
Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience written by Kathrin Cohen Kadosh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-07-09 with total page 1169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience brings together the leading developmental cognitive neuroscientists in the field that work on understanding human development, and the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and brain maturational factors that shape social and cognitive functioning in development. It includes chapters on new, emerging research areas that show promise for understanding both brain and behaviour in development, such as nutrition and the microbiome gut-brain axis and sleep. Looking beyond early developmental changes, this handbook also places importance on the period of adolescence, which is an important developmental juncture. By assuming complexity from the outset, the developmental cognitive neuroscience research approach provides much needed insights into both the initial set-up of brain networks and cognitive mechanisms, and also into adaptability across the developmental trajectory. This is important not only for scientists studying typical and atypical development, but also for interventional work looking for critical or sensitive periods where interventions would be most effective. The developmental cognitive neuroscience research approach intersects nature and nurture and considers both health and disease models. It also focuses on understanding the complexity of human development, necessitating a multi-level and multi-factor research approach to grasp change and plasticity which, by definition, is multidisciplinary. The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience is a landmark volume, providing the reader with a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of current research in the field, whilst highlighting current gaps and directions for future research.
Download or read book The Handbook of Speech Perception written by Jennifer S. Pardo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide-ranging and authoritative volume exploring contemporary perceptual research on speech, updated with new original essays by leading researchers Speech perception is a dynamic area of study that encompasses a wide variety of disciplines, including cognitive neuroscience, phonetics, linguistics, physiology and biophysics, auditory and speech science, and experimental psychology. The Handbook of Speech Perception, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of technical and theoretical developments in perceptual research on human speech. Offering a variety of perspectives on the perception of spoken language, this volume provides original essays by leading researchers on the major issues and most recent findings in the field. Each chapter provides an informed and critical survey, including a summary of current research and debate, clear examples and research findings, and discussion of anticipated advances and potential research directions. The timely second edition of this valuable resource: Discusses a uniquely broad range of both foundational and emerging issues in the field Surveys the major areas of the field of human speech perception Features newly commissioned essays on the relation between speech perception and reading, features in speech perception and lexical access, perceptual identification of individual talkers, and perceptual learning of accented speech Includes essential revisions of many chapters original to the first edition Offers critical introductions to recent research literature and leading field developments Encourages the development of multidisciplinary research on speech perception Provides readers with clear understanding of the aims, methods, challenges, and prospects for advances in the field The Handbook of Speech Perception, Second Edition, is ideal for both specialists and non-specialists throughout the research community looking for a comprehensive view of the latest technical and theoretical accomplishments in the field.
Download or read book Speech Recognition in Adverse Conditions written by Sven Mattys and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech recognition in ‘adverse conditions’ has been a familiar area of research in computer science, engineering, and hearing sciences for several decades. In contrast, most psycholinguistic theories of speech recognition are built upon evidence gathered from tasks performed by healthy listeners on carefully recorded speech, in a quiet environment, and under conditions of undivided attention. Building upon the momentum initiated by the Psycholinguistic Approaches to Speech Recognition in Adverse Conditions workshop held in Bristol, UK, in 2010, the aim of this volume is to promote a multi-disciplinary, yet unified approach to the perceptual, cognitive, and neuro-physiological mechanisms underpinning the recognition of degraded speech, variable speech, speech experienced under cognitive load, and speech experienced by theoretically relevant populations. This collection opens with a review of the literature and a formal classification of adverse conditions. The research articles then highlight those adverse conditions with the greatest potential for constraining theory, showing that some speech phenomena often believed to be immutable can be affected by noise, surface variations, or attentional set in ways that will force researchers to rethink their theory. This volume is essential for those interested in speech recognition outside laboratory constraints.
Download or read book Speech Perception and Spoken Word Recognition written by Gareth Gaskell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech Perception and Spoken Word Recognition features contributions from the field’s leading scientists, and covers recent developments and current issues in the study of cognitive and neural mechanisms that take patterns of air vibrations and turn them ‘magically’ into meaning. The volume makes a unique theoretical contribution in linking behavioural and cognitive neuroscience research, and cutting across traditional strands of study, such as adult and developmental processing. The book: Focusses on the state of the art in the study of speech perception and spoken word recognition Discusses the interplay between behavioural and cognitive neuroscience evidence, and between adult and developmental research Evaluates key theories in the field and relates them to recent empirical advances, including the relationship between speech perception and speech production, meaning representation and real-time activation, and bilingual and monolingual spoken word recognition Examines emerging areas of study such as word learning and time-course of memory consolidation, and how the science of human speech perception can help computer speech recognition Overall this book presents a renewed focus on theoretical and developmental issues, as well as a multifaceted and broad review of the state of research, in speech perception and spoken word recognition. Particularly interested readers will be researchers of psycholinguistics and adjoining fields as well as advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Download or read book Speech Perception written by Lori L. Holt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews contemporary developments in the auditory cognitive neuroscience of speech perception, including both behavioral and neural contributions. It serves as an important update on the current state of research in speech perception. The Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience of Speech Perception in Context Lori L. Holt, and Jonathan E. Peelle Subcortical Processing of Speech Sounds Bharath Chandrasekaran, Rachel Tessmer, and G. Nike Gnanateja Cortical Representation of Speech Sounds: Insights from Intracranial Electrophysiology Yulia Oganian, Neal P. Fox, and Edward F. Chang A Parsimonious Look at Neural Oscillations in Speech Perception Sarah Tune, and Jonas Obleser Extracting Language Content From Speech Sounds: The Information Theoretic Approach Laura Gwilliams, and Matthew H. Davis Speech Perception under Adverse Listening Conditions Stephen C. Van Hedger, and Ingrid S. Johnsrude Adaptive Plasticity in Perceiving Speech Sounds Shruti Ullas, Milene Bonte, Elia Formisano, and Jean Vroomen Development of Speech Perception Judit Gervain Interactions Between Audition and Cognition in Hearing Loss and Aging Chad S. Rogers, and Jonathan E. Peelle Dr. Lori Holt is a Professor of Psychology at Carnegie Mellon University and has affiliations with the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition and the Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Jonathan E. Peelle is a Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology at the Washington University in St. Louis. Dr. Allison Coffin is an Associate Professor in the Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience at Washington State University Vancouver. Dr. Arthur N. Popper is Professor Emeritus and research professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Maryland, College Park. Dr. Richard R. Fay is Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology at Loyola, Chicago.
Download or read book Tutorial Essays in Psychology written by N. S. Sutherland and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1977. The present series of essays, of which this is the first volume, attempts to describe what is going on in a particular speciality in such a way that it can be easily assimilated by workers in other branches of psychology. The essays do not provide comprehensive reviews of specialized topics: They are intended to convey new concepts and new approaches without covering in exhaustive detail all the relevant experimental work. They should be intelligible to any psychologist regardless of his field and also to the advanced undergraduate student.
Download or read book Categorical Perception written by Stevan R. Harnad and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-07-31 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we sort the objects, people, events, and ideas in the world into their proper categories so that we may experience and interact with them? This fundamental question about human--and animal--perception and cognition is the subject of Categorical Perception, a comprehensive survey of a wide range of important research findings on the subject. The volume brings together all known examples of categorical perception, from research on humans and animals, infants and adults, in all the sense modalities: hearing, seeing, and touch. The perceptual findings are then interpreted in terms of the available cognitive and neuroscientific theories of how categorical perception is accomplished by the brain. Research on elementary perceptual and psychophysical categories is then compared with work on higher order categories such as objects, patterns, and abstract concepts. The book proceeds to an integrative view of categorization in general by exploring the most thoroughly investigated case of categorical perception--speech perception.
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perceptual Expertise written by Isabel Gauthier and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores visual object recognition and introduces a collaborative model, codified as the "Perceptual Expertise Network" (PEN). It focuses on delineating the principles of high-level visual learning that can account for how different object categories are processed and associated with spatially localized activity in the primate brain. It address questions such as how expertise develops, whether there are different kinds of experts, whether some disorders such as autism or prosopagnosia can be understood as a lack or loss of expertise, and how conceptual and perceptual information interact when experts recognize and categorize objects. The research and results that have been generated by these questions are presented here, along with other questions, background information, and extant issues that have emerged from recent studies.
Download or read book Modularity and the Motor theory of Speech Perception written by Michael Studdert-Kennedy and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-02 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compilation of the proceedings of a conference held to honor Alvin M. Liberman for his outstanding contributions to research in speech perception, this volume deals with two closely related and controversial proposals for which Liberman and his colleagues at Haskins Laboratories have argued forcefully over the past 35 years. The first is that articulatory gestures are the units not only of speech production but also of speech perception; the second is that speech production and perception are not cognitive processes, but rather functions of a special mechanism. This book explores the implications of these proposals not only for speech production and speech perception, but for the neurophysiology of language, language acquisition, higher-level linguistic processing, the visual perception of phonetic gestures, the production and perception of sign language, the reading process, and learning to read. The contributors to this volume include linguists, psycholinguists, speech scientists, neurophysiologists, and ethologists. Liberman himself responds in the final chapter.
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Language written by Maria Mody and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important volume brings together significant findings on the neural bases of spoken language –its processing, use, and organization, including its phylogenetic roots. Employing a potent mix of conceptual and neuroimaging-based approaches, contributors delve deeply into specialized structures of the speech system, locating sensory and cognitive mechanisms involved in listening and comprehension, grasping meanings and storing memories. The novel perspectives revise familiar models by tracing linguistic interactions within and between neural systems, homing in on the brain’s semantic network, exploring the neuroscience behind bilingualism and multilingual fluency, and even making a compelling case for a more nuanced participation of the motor system in speech. From these advances, readers have a more three-dimensional picture of the brain—its functional epicenters, its connections, and the whole—as the seat of language in both wellness and disorders. Included in the topics: · The interaction between storage and computation in morphosyntactic processing. · The role of language in structure-dependent cognition. · Multisensory integration in speech processing: neural mechanisms of cross-modal after-effect. · A neurocognitive view of the bilingual brain. · Causal modeling: methods and their application to speech and language. · A word in the hand: the gestural origins of language. Neural Mechanisms of Language presents a sophisticated mix of detail and creative approaches to understanding brain structure and function, giving neuropsychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, developmental psychologists, cognitive psychologists, and speech/language pathologists new windows onto the research shaping their respective fields.
Download or read book The Cognitive and Neural Organisation of Speech Processing written by Patti Adank and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-03-18 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech production and perception are two of the most complex actions humans perform. The processing of speech is studied across various fields and using a wide variety of research approaches. These fields include, but are not limited to, (socio)linguistics, phonetics, cognitive psychology, neurophysiology, and cognitive neuroscience. Research approaches range from behavioural studies to neuroimaging techniques such as Magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), as well as neurophysiological approaches, such as the recording of Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Each of these approaches provides valuable information about specific aspects of speech processing. Behavioural testing can inform about the nature of the cognitive processes involved in speech processing, neuroimaging methods show where (fMRI and MEG) in the brain these processes take place and/or elucidate on the time-course of activation of these brain areas (EEG and MEG), while neurophysiological methods (MEPs and TMS) can assess critical involvement of brain regions in the cognitive process. Yet, what is currently unclear is how speech researchers can combine methods such that a convergent approach adds to theory/model formulation, above and beyond the contribution of individual component methods? We expect that such combinations of approaches will significantly forward theoretical development in the field. The present research topic comprise a collection of manuscripts discussing the cognitive and neural organisation of speech processing, including speech production and perception at the level of individual speech sounds, syllables, words, and sentences. Our goal was to use findings from a variety of disciplines, perspectives, and approaches to gain a more complete picture of the organisation of speech processing. The contributions are grouped around the following five main themes: 1) Spoken language comprehension under difficult listening conditions; 2) Sub-lexical processing; 3) Sensorimotor processing of speech; 4) Speech production. The contributions used a variety of research approaches, including behavioural experiments, fMRI, EEG, MEG, and TMS. Twelve of the 14 contributions were on speech perception processing, and the remaining two examined speech production. This Research Topic thus displays a wide variety of topics and research methods and this comprehensive approach allows an integrative understanding of currently available evidence as well as the identification of concrete venues for future research.
Download or read book Unconscious Memory Representations in Perception written by István Czigler and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptual experience emerges from neural computations. "Unconscious Memory Representations in Perception "focuses on the role of implicit (non-conscious) memories in processing sensory information. Making sense of the wealth of information arriving at our senses requires implicit memories, which represent environmental regularities, contingencies of the sensory input, as well as general contextual knowledge. Recent findings and theories in cognitive and computational neuroscience provided new insights into the structure and contents of implicit memory representations. The chapters of this book examine implicit memories both in relatively simple situations, such as perceiving auditory and visual objects, as well as in high?level cognitive functions, such as speech and music perception and aesthetic experience. By nature, implicit memories cannot be directly studied with behavioral methods. Therefore, a large part of the evidence reviewed was obtained in neuroscientific studies. Readers with limited experience in neuroscience will find information about the most commonly used techniques in the appendix of this volume. (Series B)
Download or read book Pattern Recognition by Humans and Machines written by Eileen C. Schwab and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pattern Recognition by Humans and Machines, Volume 1: Speech Perception covers perception from the perspectives of cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, and brain theory. The book discusses on the research, theory, and the principal issues of speech perception; the auditory and phonetic coding of speech; and the role of the lexicon in speech perception. The text also describes the role of attention and active processing in speech perception; the suprasegmental in very large vocabulary word recognition; and the adaptive self-organization of serial order in behavior. The cognitive science and the study of cognition and language are also considered. Psychologists will find the book invaluable.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Speech Recognition written by W. A. Ainsworth and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-18 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms of Speech Recognition explores the mechanisms underlying speech recognition. Topics covered include the auditory system, speech production, auditory psychophysics, speech synthesis and analysis, vowel and consonant recognition, and perception of prosodic features and of distorted speech. Automatic speech recognition and models of speech recognition are also given consideration. This volume consists of 11 chapters and begins with an overview of speech recognition, communication, and production. More specifically, it examines the way in which the organs of the vocal apparatus are employed to transform a message consisting of a string of linguistic units, such as words or phonemes, into a wave of continuous sounds which are recognized as speech. The auditory system and its parts are then described, from the ears to the organ of Corti and nerve cells. The chapters that follow focus on the behavior of the hearing system, the various techniques of analyzing speech sounds, and speech synthesizers such as vocoders. The mechanisms underlying the recognition of vowels and consonants are also described, along with the physical parameters of the speech wave which signal the prosody of an utterance, the effects of distortions in the speech wave on speech perception, and tools used in automatic speech recognition. The book concludes with an evaluation of models of speech recognition. This book will be of interest to phoneticians, linguists, physiologists, psychologists, and physicists.
Download or read book The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America written by Acoustical Society of America and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
