Download or read book Network Models in Evacuation Planning written by Hussein Ali Tarhini and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Intelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning written by Arab Naser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-09 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning: A Modeling-Based Approach provides a new paradigm for evacuation planning strategies and techniques. Recently, evacuation planning and modeling have increasingly attracted interest among researchers as well as government officials. This interest stems from the recent catastrophic hurricanes and weather-related events that occurred in the southeastern United States (Hurricane Katrina and Rita). The evacuation methods that were in place before and during the hurricanes did not work well and resulted in thousands of deaths. This book offers insights into the methods and techniques that allow for implementing mathematical-based, simulation-based, and integrated optimization and simulation-based engineering approaches for evacuation planning.

Download or read book Mathematical Models for Evacuation Planning in Urban Areas written by Sarah Bretschneider and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-20 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disasters like floods, hurricanes, chemical or nuclear accidents may cause the necessity to evacuate the affected area. The evacuation of the urban area needs to be planned carefully. One issue is the reorganization of the traffic routing. Congested urban areas have usually complex street networks that are composed of many intersections with streets connecting them. The population density of a congested urban area is usually high and the street network is already used to capacity during rush hour traffic. The considered problem of this work is the reorganization of the traffic routing of an urban area for the case of an emergency mass evacuation. Especially aspects of the evacuation like safety, avoidance of delays and the total system travel time are taken into account. Combinatorial and graph theoretical aspects are adapted for the evacuation problem and highlight issues concerning especially conflicts within intersections. This work gives an extensive summary of literature of evacuation of urban areas. Mixed-integer linear programming models are developed for evacuation problems and heuristic algorithms are provided and tested.?

Download or read book Large Scale Evacuation written by Michael K. Lindell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-Scale Evacuation introduces the reader to the steps involved in evacuation modelling for towns and cities, from understanding the hazards that can require large-scale evacuations, through understanding how local officials decide to issue evacuation advisories and households decide whether to comply, to transportation simulation and traffic management strategies. The author team has been recognized internationally for their research and consulting experience in the field of evacuations. Collectively, they have 125 years of experience in evacuation, including more than 140 projects for federal and state agencies. The text explains how to model evacuations that use the road transportation network by combining perspectives from social scientists and transportation engineers, fields that have commonly approached evacuation modelling from distinctly different perspectives. In doing so, it offers a step-by-step guide through the key questions needed to model an evacuation and its impacts to the evacuation route system as well as evacuation management strategies for influencing demand and expanding capacity. The authors also demonstrate how to simulate the resulting traffic and evacuation management strategies that can be used to facilitate evacuee movement and reduce unnecessary demand. Case studies, which identify key points to analyze in an evacuation plan, discuss evacuation termination and re-entry, and highlight challenges that someone developing an evacuation plan or model should expect, are also included. This textbook will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and advanced students.

Download or read book Dynamic Network Flow Location Models and Algorithms for Quickest Evacuation Planning written by Hari N. Nath and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics written by Richard D. Peacock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An aging population, increasing obesity and more people with mobility impairments are bringing new challenges to the management of routine and emergency people movement in many countries. These population challenges, coupled with the innovative designs being suggested for both the built environment and other commonly used structures (e.g., transportation systems) and the increasingly complex incident scenarios of fire, terrorism, and large-scale community disasters, provide even greater challenges to population management and safety. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, an edited volume, is based on the Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (PED) 5th International 2010 conference, March 8th-10th 2010, located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. This volume addresses both pedestrian and evacuation dynamics and associated human behavior to provide answers for policy makers, designers, and emergency management to help solve real world problems in this rapidly developing field. Data collection, analysis, and model development of people movement and behavior during nonemergency and emergency situations will be covered as well.

Download or read book Network Flow Problems Arising from Evacuation Planning written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of Transportation and Statistics written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Robust Evacuation Planning for Urban Areas written by Marc Maiwald and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In evacuation planning the capacities of the street network are usually assumed as in daily-traffic. However, such rare and unique situations induce disaster-related or traffic-related factors which affect the capacities of the street network negatively. This work focuses on a new robust evacuation concept in order to reduce the effects of such random capacity disruptions.

Download or read book Evacuation Network Optimization Models Solution Methods and Applications written by Chi Xie and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords. Evacuation planning, lane reversal, crossing elimination, network optimization, discrete and combinatorial optimization, multi-objective optimization, Lagrangian relaxation, tabu search.

Download or read book Multicriteria Optimization in Engineering and in the Sciences written by Wolfram Stadler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1988-03-31 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are rarely asked to. make decisions based on only one criterion; most often, decisions are based on several usually confticting, criteria. In nature, if the design of a system evolves to some final, optimal state, then it must include a balance for the interaction of the system with its surroundings certainly a design based on a variety of criteria. Furthermore, the diversity of nature's designs suggests an infinity of such optimal states. In another sense, decisions simultaneously optimize a finite number of criteria, while there is usually an infinity of optimal solutions. Multicriteria optimization provides the mathematical framework to accommodate these demands. Multicriteria optimization has its roots in mathematical economics, in particular, in consumer economics as considered by Edgeworth and Pareto. The critical question in an exchange economy concerns the "equilibrium point" at which each of N consumers has achieved the best possible deal for hirnself or herself. Ultimately, this is a collective decision in which any further gain by one consumer can occur only at the expense of at least one other consumer. Such an equilibrium concept was first introduced by Edgeworth in 1881 in his book on mathematical psychics. Today, such an optimum is variously called "Pareto optimum" (after the Italian-French welfare economist who continued and expanded Edgeworth's work), "effi. cient," "nondominated," and so on.

Download or read book Network Model for Disaster Management written by Ashwin Arulselvan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: We propose network models to study applications related to risk control and disaster management. We also perform a detailed complexity analysis and provide solution approaches for these problems. More specifically, we examine three different problems in detail, study their complexity and provide techniques to solve them. The first problem studies the connectivity properties of a node deleted subgraph. The objective is to identify important nodes of a graph responsible for the connectivity of the graph. This problem finds applications in studying robustness of a network, identifying important individuals of a social network and critical nodes of a telecommunication or transportation network. We study the complexity of the problem and develop heuristic procedures to solve the problem. We then study path planning problems that arises in military applications. The problem involves in routing unmanned vehicles in a network in order to visit targets in the most efficient way. We look at the complexity of these problems and provide heuristic solutions to solve the problems. We then provide a comparison of the heuristic solution with the optimal solution. Finally, we examine the evacuation problem that arises in an emergency situation. We provide complexity analysis for the contraflow problem, where in we allow arc reversals. We then develop a branch and price mechanism for establishing optimal evacuation routes for a bimodal multicommodity flow problem. We provide computational results for planar and grid graphs.

Download or read book Evacuation Modeling Trends written by Arturo Cuesta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-17 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of modeling definitions and concepts, theory on human behavior and human performance data, available tools and simulation approaches, model development, and application and validation methods. It considers the data and research efforts needed to develop and incorporate functions for the different parameters into comprehensive escape and evacuation simulations, with a number of examples illustrating different aspects and approaches. After an overview of basic modeling approaches, the book discusses benefits and challenges of current techniques. The representation of evacuees is a central issue, including human behavior and the proper implementation of representational tools. Key topics include the nature and importance of the different parameters involved in ASET and RSET and the interactions between them. A review of the current literature on verification and validation methods is provided, with a set of recommended verification tests and examples of validation tests. The book concludes with future challenges: new scenarios and factors for future model developments, addresses the problem of using deterministic and/or stochastic approaches and proposes, and discusses the use of evacuation models for supporting timely decisions in real-time. Written by international experts, Evacuation Modeling Trends is designed for those involved in safety, from emergency and intervention personnel to students, engineers and researchers.

Download or read book Reliable Route Planning for Emergency Evacuation written by Mukesh Rungta and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large scale evacuations are important in the wake of events such as an anticipated strike of a natural disaster or a looming military attack. Planning to evacuate people towards safe areas and effective management of the plan using limited set of resources is, therefore, an integral part of disaster management. Evacuation planning based on deterministic estimate of demand at the source nodes and capacity of the road links yield unsatisfactory result. Recent research publications are addressing the randomness associated with such events using stochastic optimization models. Models considering the inherent uncertainty associated with transportation network facilitate a robust and efficient evacuation plan. In this dissertation, large scale network flow optimization models for both deterministic and stochastic evacuation scenarios are presented with an emphasis on coming up with an effective and reliable evacuation plan. Effective implementation of an evacuation plan in the wake of a limited set of resources demands that a minimum number of paths are selected for loading the evacuation traffic. This objective has eluded the eyes of the research community involved in evacuation planning optimization. Model, solution technique and computational results for this problem is presented that describes the complete evacuation plan comprising of paths, traffic flow and starting schedule. Traffic scenario is often non-deterministic and assumption of a deterministic capacity for the road links would result in poor quality evacuation plan in terms of paths and time required for evacuation. Motivated by the stochastic behavior of the arc capacity, a chance constrained model for bottleneck minimization is proposed that finds the evacuation paths and the traffic flow rate on the paths within a given time bound that would result in minimum traffic congestion. Given the horizon time for evacuation, model selects the evacuation paths and finds flows on the selected paths that result in minimum congestion in the network and finds the reliability of the evacuation plan. Numerical examples are presented and we discuss the effectiveness of the stochastic models in evacuation planning. It is shown that the reliability based evacuation plan is conservative as compared to plans obtained using a deterministic model. Stochastic models guarantee that congestion can be avoided with a confidence level at the cost of increased clearance time. Apart from the random arc capacity, in this dissertation we propose an evacuation planning model where the demand for the number of evacuees is unknown and is subject to uncertainty. Chance constrained approach is used in such situations to enforce the constraints for given level of confidence. We analyze the model for the situation when the probability distribution of the random demand is not known and only partial moments and support information is specified. A distributional robust chance constrained model is proposed for evacuation planning that guarantee the vehicle demand constraints for any probability distribution consistent with the known properties. We find a tight upper bound for the shortfall in evacuating people from the specified target in the given clearance time. Numerical experiments show that the robust approximation method of chance constraints provide excellent results as compared to solution based on approximated distribution and sampling based solution.

Download or read book Urban Transport XIV written by C. A. Brebbia and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation in cities, with its related environmental and social concerns continues to be a topic of the utmost priority for urban authorities and central governments around the world. Frequently, the concern is not orderly but driven by the safety crises, which take place regularly, and even the best-planned urban transport systems require considerable studies to safeguard their safety, maintenance and operational use. On a broader front, the continuing need for better urban transport systems in general and the need for a healthier environment has led to an increased level of research around the world. This is reflected in the proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century, which stresses the continuous steady growth and research into the urban transport systems control aspects, information and imulation systems. All these topics continue to be of importance for analyzing the complex inter-relation of the urban transport environment and for establishing action strategies for transport and traffic problems. Of interest to engineers, scientists and managers working in industry, universities, research organizations and government involved in the planning and management of urban transportation systems and transport policy, this book contains papers within the following subject areas: Environmental and ecological considerations; Information systems and GPS applications; Intelligent transport systems; Intermodel passenger transport systems; Land use and transport integration; Modality in freight; Public transport systems; Road pricing; Traffic management; Transport automation; Transport logistics and operations research; Transport modelling and simulation; Transport security and safety; Transport sustainability; Transport technology; Urban transport planning.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Optimization written by Christodoulos A. Floudas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-04 with total page 4646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the Encyclopedia of Optimization is to introduce the reader to a complete set of topics that show the spectrum of research, the richness of ideas, and the breadth of applications that has come from this field. The second edition builds on the success of the former edition with more than 150 completely new entries, designed to ensure that the reference addresses recent areas where optimization theories and techniques have advanced. Particularly heavy attention resulted in health science and transportation, with entries such as "Algorithms for Genomics", "Optimization and Radiotherapy Treatment Design", and "Crew Scheduling".

Download or read book Theory and Applications of Models of Computation written by T.V. Gopal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference on Theory and Applications of Models of Computation, TAMC 2019, held in Kitakyushu, Japan, in April 2019. The 43 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 60 submissions. The main themes of the selected papers are computability, computer science logic, complexity, algorithms, models of computation, and systems theory.