Download or read book Need for More Effective Regulation of Direct Additives to Food written by United States Accounting Office (GAO) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Need for More Effective Regulation of Direct Additives to Food
Download or read book Need for More Effective Regulation of Direct Additives to Food written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Need for More Effective Regulation of Direct Additives to Food written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act requires that the safety of direct food additives be based on scientific evidence and that the evidence be reviewed and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, the act exempts from review and approval substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by experts or approved for use before 1958, and allows the safety determination for some of those substances to be based on experience drawn from common use in food. The safety of several of these exempted substances has been questioned. A review was undertaken to determine whether current legislative authority and FDA regulatory practices adequately protect the public against hazards from substances directly added to food. GAO examined provisions of the act which exempt about 1,450 substances from food additive regulation by FDA; reviewed several exempted substances the assumed safety of which was later questioned, and the removal from use of which has been proposed or completed; and evaluated the potential impact these exemptions could have on the level of evidence supporting the safety of the substances. The FDA administrative regulations do not clearly define the scientific evidence needed to support the safety of a food additive or explain how it conducts safety assessments. The regulations do not distinguish among the different kinds of evidence which support each substance's safety affirmation. Experience from common use in food has questionable value in assuring that an additive is safe, because individuals are exposed to numerous substances, including environmental contaminants, over a long period. Adverse effects from exposure to harmful substances may not occur for many years. Since FDA is not required to review and approve GRAS substances, there is no assurance that consistent criteria are applied in determining the safety of all such substances. Of the 39 petitions received in 1979 for GRAS designations of substances used after 1958, review of 18 has been completed. Four of the 18 contained sufficient scientific evidence to support a GRAS affirmation. During 1978, FDA received 14 petitions requesting that food additives be approved. As of October 1979, regulations had not been approved or published for any of these substances. In seven petitions reviewed, FDA had determined that the scientific evidence supporting the substance's safety was inadequate and had requested addition evidence. In five cases, data not specifically identified in the regulations were requested. Developmental efforts are currently underway to publish definitive scientific testing guidelines and review criteria for determining the safety of food additives.
Download or read book Need for More Effective Regulation of Direct Additives to Food written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Need for More Effective Regulation of Direct Additives to Food written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act requires that the safety of direct food additives be based on scientific evidence and that the evidence be reviewed and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, the act exempts from review and approval substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by experts or approved for use before 1958, and allows the safety determination for some of those substances to be based on experience drawn from common use in food. The safety of several of these exempted substances has been questioned. A review was undertaken to determine whether current legislative authority and FDA regulatory practices adequately protect the public against hazards from substances directly added to food. GAO examined provisions of the act which exempt about 1,450 substances from food additive regulation by FDA; reviewed several exempted substances the assumed safety of which was later questioned, and the removal from use of which has been proposed or completed; and evaluated the potential impact these exemptions could have on the level of evidence supporting the safety of the substances. The FDA administrative regulations do not clearly define the scientific evidence needed to support the safety of a food additive or explain how it conducts safety assessments. The regulations do not distinguish among the different kinds of evidence which support each substance's safety affirmation. Experience from common use in food has questionable value in assuring that an additive is safe, because individuals are exposed to numerous substances, including environmental contaminants, over a long period. Adverse effects from exposure to harmful substances may not occur for many years. Since FDA is not required to review and approve GRAS substances, there is no assurance that consistent criteria are applied in determining the safety of all such substances. Of the 39 petitions received in 1979 for GRAS designations of substances used after 1958, review of 18 has been completed. Four of the 18 contained sufficient scientific evidence to support a GRAS affirmation. During 1978, FDA received 14 petitions requesting that food additives be approved. As of October 1979, regulations had not been approved or published for any of these substances. In seven petitions reviewed, FDA had determined that the scientific evidence supporting the substance's safety was inadequate and had requested addition evidence. In five cases, data not specifically identified in the regulations were requested. Developmental efforts are currently underway to publish definitive scientific testing guidelines and review criteria for determining the safety of food additives.
Download or read book Need for More Effective Regulation of Direct Additives to Food written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Enhancing the Regulatory Decision Making Approval Process for Direct Food Ingredient Technologies written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-04-29 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Food Forum was established in 1993 to allow science and technology leaders in the food industry, top administrators in the federal government, representatives from consumer interest groups, and academicians to discuss and debate food and food safety issues openly and in a neutral setting. The Forum provides a mechanism for these diverse groups to identify possible approaches for addressing food and food safety problems and issues surrounding the often complex interactions among industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and consumers. On May 6-7, 1997, the Forum convened a workshop titled Enhancing the Regulatory Decision-Making Process for Direct Food Ingredient Technologies. Workshop speakers and participants discussed legal aspects of the direct food additive approval process, changes in science and technology, and opportunities for reform. Two background papers, which can be found in Appendix A and B, were shared with the participants prior to the workshop. The first paper provided a description and history of the legal framework of the food ingredient approval process and the second paper focused on changes in science and technology practices with emphasis placed on lessons learned from case studies. This document presents a summary of the workshop.
Download or read book Enhancing the Regulatory Decision Making Approval Process for Direct Food Ingredient Technologies written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-05-29 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Food Forum was established in 1993 to allow science and technology leaders in the food industry, top administrators in the federal government, representatives from consumer interest groups, and academicians to discuss and debate food and food safety issues openly and in a neutral setting. The Forum provides a mechanism for these diverse groups to identify possible approaches for addressing food and food safety problems and issues surrounding the often complex interactions among industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and consumers. On May 6-7, 1997, the Forum convened a workshop titled Enhancing the Regulatory Decision-Making Process for Direct Food Ingredient Technologies. Workshop speakers and participants discussed legal aspects of the direct food additive approval process, changes in science and technology, and opportunities for reform. Two background papers, which can be found in Appendix A and B, were shared with the participants prior to the workshop. The first paper provided a description and history of the legal framework of the food ingredient approval process and the second paper focused on changes in science and technology practices with emphasis placed on lessons learned from case studies. This document presents a summary of the workshop.
Download or read book Regulating Food Additives written by Frank R. Spellman and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-11-30 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food additives have been used since the beginning of time to enhance the quality and quantity of food products. We know from historical research that alcohol, vinegar, oils, and spices were used more than 10,000 years ago to preserve foods. The incorporation of various additives to human food has never ceased. Additives have been used and continue to be used to perform various functions from enhancing the flavor to increasing the shelf-life of the food. Until the time of the Industrial Revolution, the above-mentioned ingredients and a limited number of other ingredients were the major food additives used. However, the Industrial Revolution brought about advances in machinery development and changes in technology. Food production, especially grain, increased at a hectic pace and new food additives were developed. Fast forward to current times; knowledge regarding food additives, how they are prepared, their composition, and how they work has become very important to those in the food industry and health conscious consumers. Regulating Food Additives: The Good, Bad, and the Ugly addresses both the importance and the dangers of food additives. It discusses how food additives are prepared, what they are composed of, and why we need to be concerned about them. In addition, this book provides a timeline of laws regulating food in U.S. history such as the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) passed in 1938 and the Food Additives Amendment to that Act passed in 1958.
Download or read book GAO Documents written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalog of reports, decisions and opinions, testimonies and speeches.
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalogue United States Public Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ensuring Safe Food written by Committee to Ensure Safe Food from Production to Consumption and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-09-02 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How safe is our food supply? Each year the media report what appears to be growing concern related to illness caused by the food consumed by Americans. These food borne illnesses are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, pesticide residues, and food additives. Recent actions taken at the federal, state, and local levels in response to the increase in reported incidences of food borne illnesses point to the need to evaluate the food safety system in the United States. This book assesses the effectiveness of the current food safety system and provides recommendations on changes needed to ensure an effective science-based food safety system. Ensuring Safe Food discusses such important issues as: What are the primary hazards associated with the food supply? What gaps exist in the current system for ensuring a safe food supply? What effects do trends in food consumption have on food safety? What is the impact of food preparation and handling practices in the home, in food services, or in production operations on the risk of food borne illnesses? What organizational changes in responsibility or oversight could be made to increase the effectiveness of the food safety system in the United States? Current concerns associated with microbiological, chemical, and physical hazards in the food supply are discussed. The book also considers how changes in technology and food processing might introduce new risks. Recommendations are made on steps for developing a coordinated, unified system for food safety. The book also highlights areas that need additional study. Ensuring Safe Food will be important for policymakers, food trade professionals, food producers, food processors, food researchers, public health professionals, and consumers.
Download or read book Status of Open Recommendations written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Evaluations written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains an inventory of evaluation reports produced by and for selected Federal agencies, including GAO evaluation reports that relate to the programs of those agencies.
Download or read book Federal Program Evaluations written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains an inventory of evaluation reports produced by and for selected Federal agencies, including GAO evaluation reports that relate to the programs of those agencies.
Download or read book Food Safety and Quality written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-04 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
