Download or read book Natural Resource Governance in Qing China written by Jason Jia-Xi Wu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, common property is one of the dominant forms of ownership through which natural resources--e.g., forests, pastures, and fisheries--are managed. However, their decline across societies due to marketization and privatization has prompted intense debates. This Article seeks to answer the following questions: (1) Why did some common property regimes dissipate quickly, while others resist-ed the forces of privatization for generations? (2) What explains the divergent trajectories that societies took in governing common resources? Building on the classic Coasean and Demsetzian law-and-economics principles, this Article highlights two additional dimensions--institutional capacity and social embeddedness of property--to explain how “hidden” social costs impacted the stability of common property regimes. Using forest commons in Qing China (1644-1912) as a historical case study, this Article argues that lineage institutions--a form of organized kinship--created conditions for the longevity of common property regimes in China due to three factors: (1) as a result of the Qing state's laissez-faire attitude towards property, lineages assumed key administrative functions in regulating property relations at the locality; (2) lineages took advantage of the laws and institutions of the Qing state, which were designed to protect entrenched local interests rather than to maximize economic welfare; and (3) the organizational features of lineages allowed them to provide extra-legal solutions to disputes arising from contested access to common resources, largely displacing the roles of formal legal institutions. These factors illustrate the degree to which organized kinship groups were able to adopt sophisticated institutional arrangements that co-opted, resisted, and even competed with the state in crafting the rules of the game.Although the longevity of kinship-based common property regimes is certainly unique to China's historical experience, this case study carries vital policy implications, both for China today and for the broader developing world. First, kinship organizations may provide effective bulwarks against disruptive change, allowing local communities to adjust to new economic realities. Second, their resource-pooling features can provide a safety net for individual households that fail to make the adjustment. Finally, kinship organizations can control negative spillover effects that would have led to the degradation of common property regimes.
Download or read book Natural Resource Regulation in China written by Tao Ding and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest and Land Management in Imperial China written by N. Menzies and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994-09-01 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although China is generally considered to have suffered continuous deforestation over most of its history, forests were protected or even planted and maintained for centuries in some places. This study identifies six such cases. It uses historical evidence to show that individuals and communities act to manage resources sustainably for a number of reasons including economic benefit, religious or symbolic purposes, and that sustainability of the management system depends on the form of control exerted over the resource.
Download or read book China s Sustainable Use of Natural Resources written by China Development Research Foundation and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines China’s resource endowment and the country’s current exploitation and use of resources and analyzes the main challenges and potential opportunities facing the country. It then discusses how to improve the efficiency with which resources are used by taking a ‘full-life-cycle’ approach to resource use. After summing up the evolution of China’s policies and systems relating to resources and the environment, this book goes on to study how China’s participation in global resource allocation and global resource governance has progressed under its open-economy situation, as well as challenges facing that participation. Based on all these analysis, the report proposes two targets for managing the total quantities of two specific metrics. That is, it recommends aiming to reach peak consumption of resources and peak emission of pollutants by 2030. In addition, it makes a number of specific policy recommendations. The China Development Research Foundation (CDRF) is a public foundation initiated by the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC). Its mission is to advance good governance and public policy to promote economic development and social progress. The Foundation has approached its mandate in a number of ways, including support for evidence-based policy research, leadership training, high-level forums and symposiums to promote economic cooperation and development, and the promotion of responsible public policy. As China continues to move steadily ahead with policy reforms and investments for more inclusive development, the demands for research, transparent and accountable processes, and citizenship engagement are expanding. The Foundation is striving to meet these challenges and to coordinate policy research work which supports the work of government, civil society and enterprises in furthering equitable development in China.
Download or read book Non state Actors in China and Global Environmental Governance written by Dan Guttman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-05 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first effort to develop a broad and deep perspective on the emerging space occupied by “non-state actors” in China in the context of global environmental governance. It will serve as a primer both for scholars seeking to understand China’s environmental governance system and for practitioners working with policymakers and administrators within that system. Individual chapters explore what works in achieving social change, domestically as well as globally, and will provide guidance to activists and directors of NGOs as well as scholars.
Download or read book China s Strategy to Secure Natural Resources written by Theodore H. Moran and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2010 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Timber and Forestry in Qing China written by Meng Zhang and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Qing period (1644–1912), China's population tripled, and the flurry of new development generated unprecedented demand for timber. Standard environmental histories have often depicted this as an era of reckless deforestation, akin to the resource misuse that devastated European forests at the same time. This comprehensive new study shows that the reality was more complex: as old-growth forests were cut down, new economic arrangements emerged to develop renewable timber resources. Historian Meng Zhang traces the trade routes that connected population centers of the Lower Yangzi Delta to timber supplies on China's southwestern frontier. She documents innovative property rights systems and economic incentives that convinced landowners to invest years in growing trees. Delving into rare archives to reconstruct business histories, she considers both the formal legal mechanisms and the informal interactions that helped balance economic profit with environmental management. Of driving concern were questions of sustainability: How to maintain a reliable source of timber across decades and centuries? And how to sustain a business network across a thousand miles? This carefully constructed study makes a major contribution to Chinese economic and environmental history and to world-historical discourses on resource management, early modern commercialization, and sustainable development.
Download or read book Environmental Policy and Governance in China written by Hideki Kitagawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on how to create an environmentally friendly society in China from the viewpoint of environmental law and policy. The authors accessed a great number of valuable sources not available in English, and interviewed various scholars and public officials, in order to analyze the environmental policies in China while comparing some of the features to Japan. The book stresses the importance of introducing a brand-new policy of central and local government, and analyses why these policies have not been executed effectively in the local society. In addition to the economy-oriented policy and spirit of the Chinese nation, which are the main causes, this book also highlights shortcomings in the inspection system, information management, and the extremely low degree of public participation as important aspects to focus on in order to tackle the current problems. The individual chapters will help readers to understand the environmental issues in China in depth, and provide guidance on resolving the issues in China and in developing countries that are now or soon will be facing the challenge of combining economic growth and environmental improvement. Air, water and soil pollution are serious challenges in China. The deterioration of the environment often leads to rioting that influences social stability, which is also a great concern to foreign investors. This book will be of interest to a professional audience such as policymakers, journalists, members of environmental NGOs, managers and employees who do business with China, as well as academic researchers and students.
Download or read book Environmental Governance in China written by Jesse Turiel and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article provides an analytical overview of major works on the topic of environmental governance in China, with a particular emphasis on studies examining policies during the reform era (post-1978).
Download or read book Natural Resource Management and Local Development in China written by Cary Hendrickson and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-06 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The outcomes of natural resource management are some of the most contentious issues in sustainability research. In particular, the Chinese experience in developing protected areas for both tourism and to meet environmental policy objectives illustrates many of the complexities within current sustainable development approaches elsewhere in the world. This research seeks to explore a case study of biodiversity protection and rural development within the context of the Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve, Sichuan Province, China. Although Jiuzhaigou is often promoted as the "success story" of Chinese nature-based tourism, the findings of this study suggest that it should also be seen by taking into account its unexpected implications. A number of strengths and weaknesses are identified and analyzed: the distribution of the economic benefits and environmental burdens of tourism and participation issues in managing the biosphere reserve. By assessing the impacts of the NRM strategies applied in the case of Jiuzhaigou, this study seeks to extract a valuable lesson for both policy-makers and researchers.
Download or read book China s Disappearing Countryside written by Yongjun Zhao and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While China’s hybrid rural land tenure system has contributed to agricultural development, it is interwoven with rising farmland loss and social conflicts.This book examines the linkages between land tenure, development and governance in the context of China’s development transformation. Drawing on empirical studies, it advocates the exploration of innovative land tenure systems that address the wider determinants: institutions, power, politics and social development. It argues that a land tenure system can only be sustainable when it is compatible with the overall biophysical, social, political and economic conditions. This new institutional lens into the conditions and dynamics of land tenure systems marks a paradigm shift away from those focusing on the narrow meaning of land rights and tenure security strengthening, as these approaches can paradoxically contribute to weaker land and resource governance. Contributing to an enhanced understanding of the challenges China faces in agricultural development and natural resource governance and to the international debates on land tenure reform, this book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, policy-makers and students in development studies, anthropology, sociology, political sciences, law, geography, economics, public administration and other relevant disciplines. The lessons learnt from China also shed light on its global engagement on sustainable development and governance issues.
Download or read book Environmental Governance in China written by Neil Carter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first examination of how China is currently dealing with environmental problems and challenges, and of its successes, failures and dilemmas. This new book gives special attention to the development of ‘environmental governance’ in contemporary China, especially on the urban industrial and infrastructure sectors, showing how the rapid economic growth that has transformed China in recent years has major implications for the environment, as well as future economic development. Leading international scholars explore a range of key issues, including: economic growth and the environment the environmental policy process the legal framework for environmental protection the role of environmental NGOs energy policy water issues biotechnology and GMOs the international dimension. This book shows how environmental policy, politics and governance are core issues posed by China’s accelerated economic development. At the same time it analyzes, illustrates and argues that major steps are under way in taking up these challenges. In doing so the book provides an in-depth, balanced and comprehensive assessment of contemporary environmental reforms in China. This book was previously published as a special issue of Environmental Governance.
Download or read book Chinese Resource Modernity Environmental Government and the Resource Conflicts in Northeast China s Forests 1860 1932 written by Xiang Chi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores the formation and the implication of what I call "resource modernity" in Northeast China. It examines how the perception and government of forests have changed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and the relationship between changing knowledge, property, and the production of Chinese territoriality. I focus on the competing knowledges (weji vs. sanrin), policies (state-sponsored logging vs. timber-oriented manufacturing industry), and institutions (civil forestry bureau vs. scientific and colonial expansion) over the forest resources between the Japanese and Chinese forest government from 1860 to 1932, and argue for the emergence of Chinese resource modernity in terms of the state's capacity to classify, register, and defend the frontier timber resources under the new conceptual framework. The goal of my research is to illuminate how forests in this region that embedded in varied political economies and characterized by diversified categories of weji (ancient woodland), shan (mountain), di (land), and lin (forest) were transformed into a single domain for modern government, and how ringyo (Ja: forestry industry), a forest policy that underpinned Japan's extractive and violent expansion into Hokkaido, Taiwan and Korea was borrowed, internalized, and modified by the Qing Chinese elites and the Beiyang government as a self-strengthening discourse and border-securing strategy in Northeast China's semi-colonial context as linye (Ch: literally wood manufacturing), that naturalized the violence into science. I argue that although the Chinese characters of the term ringyo and linye stayed the same in both the Japanese forestry surveys and the Chinese official reports, however, the meanings and practices bifurcated. Moreover, I show how the category lin/rin ( wood) was established as the fixed standard term for the forest under the notion of modern resource government. Specifically, I examine the historical development of state-owned forests (guoyoulin) as a bureaucratic and land-tenure category during the early twentieth century and the resource conflicts caused by changes in management priorities. This research points out that the term lin/rin was more than the natural landscape of trees. Rather, it was the result of the knowledge construction for the formation of the modern resource regime.
Download or read book Chinese Environmental Governance written by Bingqiang Ren and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this edited volume, leading environmental policy experts from China, USA, and Europe provide a contemporary view of Chinese environmental policy, analyzing current discussions among various actors and agencies. The book covers a wide range of topics including the gap between national policy goals and their local implementation, cultural and social factors shaping political behavior, legal and political systems affecting environmental policy creation and execution, new societal forces participating in environmental policymaking and governance, and local state strategies tasked with navigating a mix of political, legal, and societal forces. Featuring in-depth, empirically-grounded analyses with interdisciplinary approaches, the book is ideal reading for scholars interested in the complex nature of balancing Chinese environmental sustainability and economic growth.
Download or read book Environmental Governance in China written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Water Rights in China written by Yahua Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a model for describing the hierarchical concept of China’s water rights structure, one which takes into account pioneering theories on natural resources and environmental institutional economics. It highlights the basic theory of water rights, with a view to helping Chinese policymakers acquire a deeper understanding of water rights and the need for a reform program in the long-term development of water-poor China. To do so, it draws on three main sources: Cheung SNS’s “Economic Explanation”, Douglas C. North’s “New Economic History” and Ray Huang’s “Macro History”. The book makes two essential contributions: it elaborates the hierarchical water governance structure in China, which originated in the Qin Dynasty that unified the country 2000 years ago and has been employed without interruption ever since; further, it constructs a choice model for water governance structures and advances the logic of making structural choices with minimum transaction costs under constraint conditions, while also explaining the inherent nature of China’s choice for the hierarchical structure from the perspectives of management cost and cooperation cost. As such, the book enriches and builds on the theories of the “water governance” school represented by Karl Marx, Karl Wittfogel and Ray Huang, laying the foundation for the further study of water rights theory in contemporary China.
Download or read book Natural Resource Regulation in China written by Malin Song and published by Contributions to Public Administration and Public Policy. This book was released on 2024-09-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book makes an in-depth study of China's natural resource regulatory system including theoretical basis, development process, asset accounting, ownership reform, system structure, legal safeguard and policy implications. China is a big country with vast natural resource. Improving the supervision system of natural resources and enhancing the supervision capacity of natural resources have become the top priority of China's economic and social development. This book focuses on how to establish an optimized, coordinated and efficient natural resource regulatory system in China and aims to improve China's natural resource regulatory system. By combing through the process of historical change, analyzing resource accounting and pricing methods and studying the realization and reform of property rights, this book discusses China's current problems in the process of natural resource regulation and then proposes solutions and implementation paths as a reference for the construction of the Chinese natural resource regulatory system. People who are interested in natural resource regulation could find something useful in this book.
