Download or read book NATO s Burden Sharing Disputes written by Tommi Koivula and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2023-03-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book states that burden-sharing is one of the most persisting sources for tension and disagreement within NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation). It also belongs to one of the most studied issues within NATO with distinguishable traditions and schools of thought. However, this pertinent question has been rarely discussed extensively by academics. The key idea of the book is to make burden-sharing more understandable as a historical, contemporary and future phenomenon. The authors take a comprehensive look at what is actually meant with burden-sharing and how it has evolved as a concept and a real-life phenomenon through the 70 years of NATO’s existence.
Download or read book NATO s Burden Sharing Disputes written by Tommi Koivula and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book states that burden-sharing is one of the most persisting sources for tension and disagreement within NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation). It also belongs to one of the most studied issues within NATO with distinguishable traditions and schools of thought. However, this pertinent question has been rarely discussed extensively by academics. The key idea of the book is to make burden-sharing more understandable as a historical, contemporary and future phenomenon. The authors take a comprehensive look at what is actually meant with burden-sharing and how it has evolved as a concept and a real-life phenomenon through the 70 years of NATO's existence. Tommi Koivula is professor of Strategy at the Department of Warfare, the Finnish National Defence University. Heljä Ossa is a researcher and a PhD student at the Department of Warfare at the Finnish National Defence University. .
Download or read book Burden sharing in NATO written by Simon Lunn and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1983 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stepping Up Burden Sharing by NATO s Newest Members written by Strategic Studies Institute and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-01-18 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Burden sharing is back. Indeed many observers of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Alliance would claim that it never went away. This is because, from its inception in 1949, NATO has never been an alliance of equals. The United States has always made the overwhelmingly larger contribution, not only for the defense of Europe under Article 5 of the NATO Treaty, but also in the numerous operations that the Alliance has carried out beyond Europe since the end of the Cold War. At one stage in the late-1950s, the United States had nearly 400,000 troops and 7,000 nuclear weapons deployed in Western Europe. It also maintained large stocks of pre-positioned equipment and sent thousands of more troops back to Europe every year for reinforcement and exercises.
Download or read book Gdp Based Burden Sharing in NATO The Politics of Defense Financing Study of Military Spending by Allies Germany France Poland Italy Greece Def written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Allies agreed at the September 2014 Wales Summit to spend at least two percent of their gross domestic products (GDPs) on defense by 2024. This commitment has become a point of contention among the Allies and a distraction from the imperative of improving the Alliance's burden sharing system. The GDP-based burden sharing policy has not proven to be effective or fair, and its implementation has been subject to national political and economic constraints. NATO as a whole has struggled to sufficiently fund the capabilities necessary for its mission effectiveness, even as individual Allies (above all, the United States) have spent enormous amounts on defense. At the same time, some Allies have made significant security contributions
Download or read book Burden sharing in NATO written by Simon Lunn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 1983, analyses the debate around burden-sharing in NATO, where the main issue is the distribution amongst the allies of the burden of maintaining the security arrangement. This raises problems of defining, measuring and comparing the defence efforts of the various countries. This book examines the issues, and argues for the need to address directly the fundamental problems concerning the Cold War security relationship between the United States and Western Europe.
Download or read book The future of NATO burden sharing in out of area missions considering latest developments in the transatlantic relationship written by Christian Rucker and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Politics - General and Theories of International Politics, grade: 1,7, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (Institut für Politische Wissenschaft), course: Mastercourse: The EU and the US in the evolving multipolar world order, language: English, abstract: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) experienced an interesting and – speaking of a military alliance – an unparalleled development in recent years. It changed from an alliance of collective defense with a declared enemy to a multifunctional alliance for collective security. Not only was and is it the only contractual basis between the partners on both sides of the Atlantic but – despite all differences – it was to form a community of values among its members. However, it is rather uncertain to predict whether or not both sides of the Atlantic will continue in that mentality. Therefore based on two possible trends regarding NATO, the author of this work is going to examine how the relationship of the alliance changed or is going to change on principle and in some particular cases of “out of area” operations and stabilizing missions. Within this context future possibilities, political wills on both sides of the Atlantic, as well as alternative regional approaches in regard to this type of tasks will be observed here. Subject to this survey are also current developments and fundamental strategic considerations regarding the transatlantic relationship within NATO context and burden sharing.
Download or read book The US NATO and Military Burden Sharing written by Stephen J. Cimbala and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-10-21 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study establishes that the political, economic and military-technological changes that transform the international system also alter the way in which a state views its and others' responsibilities and burdens for responding to international crises. It assesses the distribution of the costs of raising and supporting arms of service, the risks of deploying them overseas and using them in combat or peace operations, and the extent to which members have a responsibility for maintaining international order in the context of three instances of multinational military intervention: the Multinational Force deployment in Lebanon in 1982-83; the first Persian Gulf War in 1990-91; and the UN and NATO intervention in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Download or read book Multinational Military Intervention written by Dr Peter K Forster and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: War, as Clausewitz reminds, is the most uncertain of human political and social activities. It also imposes burdens. In an alliance among states for the promotion of collective defense or security, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), burdens have to be shared. This study looks at the experience of the United States and other member states of NATO in four situations of multinational military intervention - Lebanon, the Persian Gulf, the Balkans, and South Asia - and considers the implications of nuclear arms reductions and nonproliferation for the US and NATO. Each case study represents an important period in the distribution of power, interest, and values, amounting to more than a sequential consideration of incidents of military intervention and/or conflict prevention. These politico-military challenges include a major coalition war, a traditional peacekeeping operation, an exercise in peace enforcement, and a conflict that combines counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism with stability and security operations.
Download or read book Friendly Rivals written by Wallace J. Thies and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viewing the behavior of NATO members through the prism of bargaining theory reveals them as states intent on obtaining the benefits of membership at the least cost to themselves. This book shows how NATO members use a variety of strategies and tactics to try to get the better of each other without wrecking an alliance that realizes their shared goals and from which they all benefit. The book examines: the original design of the alliance; patterns of bargaining during the Cold War and post-Cold War periods; how their rivalries impact members' domestic policies of defense and welfare; and what this history suggests about NATO's future prospects. Recent interventions in the Balkans and the Middle East make this virtually a playbook for following current events.
Download or read book NATO 2030 written by Jason Blessing and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the world’s largest, most powerful military alliance. The Alliance has navigated and survived the Cold War, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the post-9/11 era. Since the release of the 2010 Strategic Concept, NATO’s strategic environment has again undergone significant change. The need to adapt is clear. An opportunity to assess the Alliance’s achievements and future goals has now emerged with the Secretary General’s drive to create a new Strategic Concept for the next decade—an initiative dubbed NATO 2030. A necessary step for formulating a new strategic outlook will thus be understanding the future that faces NATO. To remain relevant and adjust to new circumstances, the Alliance must identify its main challenges and opportunities in the next ten years and beyond. This book contributes to critical conversations on NATO’s future vitality by examining the Alliance’s most salient issues and by offering recommendations to ensure its effectiveness moving forward. Written by a diverse, multigenerational group of policymakers and academics from across Europe and the United States, this book provides new insights about NATO’s changing threat landscape, its shifting internal dynamics, and the evolution of warfare. The volume’s authors tackle a wide range of issues, including the challenges of Russia and China, democratic backsliding, burden sharing, the extension of warfare to space and cyberspace, partnerships, and public opinion. With rigorous assessments of NATO’s challenges and opportunities, each chapter provides concrete recommendations for the Alliance to chart a path for the future. As such, this book is an indispensable resource for NATO’s strategic planners and security and defense experts more broadly.
Download or read book NATO Burden sharing and Keeping the Peace written by Brent John Sackett and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since NATO was founded in 1949, the issue of burden-sharing has been fiercely debated. Members have argued about what constitutes a fair contribution and who is getting the most benefit. During the early days, America's monopoly on nuclear weapons led to U.S. overcontribution and free riding by the poorer members. After NATO moved to a flexible response military strategy, conventional weapons became more relevant and burden-sharing came to be more balanced. Since the 1992 Oslo declaration committed the alliance to out-of-area crisis response, burden-sharing has changed again. Using the NATO air operations in the Balkans conflict as a case study, I show that burden-sharing has again shifted towards exploitation of wealthier members. Rather than using military expenditures as a contribution measurement, I examine aircraft and sortie contributions to the combat operations. Based on a Spearman rank correlation test using aircraft contributions, I find evidence that the rich carried a disproportional burden in the conflict. The exploitation was more pronounced when I examined the sorties flown by each nation, showing that the richer members flew their aircraft disproportionately more than the poorer ones. Examining contributions of the more complex and expensive support aircraft resulted in even stronger evidence of exploitation. In addition, the U.S. became an extreme outlier when I examined the sorties flown by these support aircraft. No other member was able to provide these critical types of sorties. These results endorse the argument that a capabilities gap exists in NATO. When I compared these defense burdens to benefit measurements, I find a lack of concordance between burdens and benefits during the Kosovo air campaign. Many European members received a larger benefit share relative to their aircraft and sortie contributions to the conflict. This suggests less cohesion in the alliance. Analysis of the contributions of support aircraft and sorties provided the strongest evidence of a three-tiered alliance with burden and benefit shares significantly out of balance. The emergence of the capabilities gap indicates that the alliance will face significant policy challenges moving forward.
Download or read book Multinational Military Intervention written by Stephen J. Cimbala and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2010 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: War, as Clausewitz reminds, is the most uncertain of human political and social activities. This study looks at the experience of the United States and other member states of NATO in four situations of multinational military intervention - Lebanon, the Persian Gulf, the Balkans, and South Asia - and considers the implications of nuclear arms reductions and nonproliferation for the US and NATO.
Download or read book American Military in Europe written by Christopher S. Raj and published by New Delhi : ABC Publishing House. This book was released on 1983 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Future of NATO Burden sharing in out of area Missions Considering Latest Developments in the Transatlantic Relationship written by Christian Rucker and published by . This book was released on 2016-07-07 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Politics - International Politics - General and Theories, grade: 1,7, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (Institut fur Politische Wissenschaft), course: Mastercourse: The EU and the US in the evolving multipolar world order, language: English, abstract: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) experienced an interesting and - speaking of a military alliance - an unparalleled development in recent years. It changed from an alliance of collective defense with a declared enemy to a multifunctional alliance for collective security. Not only was and is it the only contractual basis between the partners on both sides of the Atlantic but - despite all differences - it was to form a community of values among its members. However, it is rather uncertain to predict whether or not both sides of the Atlantic will continue in that mentality. Therefore based on two possible trends regarding NATO, the author of this work is going to examine how the relationship of the alliance changed or is going to change on principle and in some particular cases of "out of area" operations and stabilizing missions. Within this context future possibilities, political wills on both sides of the Atlantic, as well as alternative regional approaches in regard to this type of tasks will be observed here. Subject to this survey are also current developments and fundamental strategic considerations regarding the transatlantic relationship within NATO context and burden sharing."
Download or read book NATO s Burden Sharing Disputes written by Tommi Koivula and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-26 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book states that burden-sharing is one of the most persisting sources for tension and disagreement within NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation). It also belongs to one of the most studied issues within NATO with distinguishable traditions and schools of thought. However, this pertinent question has been rarely discussed extensively by academics. The key idea of the book is to make burden-sharing more understandable as a historical, contemporary and future phenomenon. The authors take a comprehensive look at what is actually meant with burden-sharing and how it has evolved as a concept and a real-life phenomenon through the 70 years of NATO’s existence.
Download or read book Struggling for Security written by Tad Andrew Schnaufer (II) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the founding of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), US administrations have criticized their European allies for not meeting security burden-sharing goals. This study aims to gain insight into what factors motivate alliance members to contribute to the burden-sharing objectives they have agreed to achieve. From a US perspective, the need for its European allies to reach these goals will allow the United States to shift resources to more pressing strategic challenges like the rise of China. Informed by Mancur Olson’s theory of collective action and Glenn Snyder’s concept of the security dilemma in alliances, this project tests the hypothesis that the more a NATO ally’s foreign policy interests align with those of the United States, the less that ally will spend on defense as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study uses a mixed-methods approach. The primary metric measuring an ally’s contribution is the percentage of its GDP spent on defense. Furthermore, this study breaks NATO’s history into three geopolitical periods: the Cold War (1950 to 1990), the Post-Cold War (1991 to 2006), and the Resurgent period (2007 to 2019). The analysis yields robust support for the theory in periods lacking a major threat (i.e., the Post-Cold War). That means the more aligned an ally’s foreign policy preferences are with the United States, the less that ally spends on defense as a percentage of its GDP in such periods. The implications of these findings suggest that with the intensified threat of Russia made apparent with its attack on Ukraine in 2022, burden sharing in the NATO alliance will be less of a problem for the US in the immediate future. However, when this threat recedes, the burden-sharing issue will return, and the United States will have to send credible signals (like withdrawing troops from Europe) to its allies to cause them to question US protection and increase defense spending.
