Download or read book NATO Enlargement U S and International Efforts to Assist Potential New Members written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines how NATO and U.S. assistance programs are helping those that do wish to join NATO. Our specific objectives were to determine how (1) NATO's PFP program is helping aspiring members prepare for possible NATO membership, (2) U.S. assistance efforts are helping aspiring partner countries to prepare for possible NATO membership, (3) other NATO members' efforts are being coordinated with NATO and U.S. efforts, and (4) aspiring countries are preparing themselves for possible NATO membership. In addressing these objectives, we focused on efforts aimed at improving partners' ability to work militarily with NATO. We did not evaluate prospective members' political and economic efforts to prepare for membership. As agreed with the Committee on International Relation, House of Representatives, the report focused on the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia.
Download or read book NATO Enlargement written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NATO Enlargement U S And International Efforts To Assist Potential New Members 15857 B 277053 U S GAO June 27 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NATO Enlargement U S And International Efforts To Assist Potential New Members 15857 B 277053 U S GAO June 27 1997 written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1998* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Newcomers No More Contemporary NATO and the Future of the Enlargement from the Perspective of Post Cold War Members written by Robert Czulda and published by Instytut Badań nad Stosunkami Międzynarodowymi. This book was released on 2015 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central aims of the book is to present, in the form of a collection of papers, a variety of views on NATO from member states “formerly known as new”, and to assess in this context the prospects for NATO enlargement. Therefore, the book consists of two parts. The main objective of the first part is to present how NATO is now perceived in Central and South-Eastern Europe. Papers collected here offer an opportunity to reflect on the impact of the enlargements starting from 1999 on NATO functioning and evolution, roles, tasks and capabilities. The issue of how accession has transformed accessioning states will also be discussed. Last but not least, the perspective of “new” members on NATO’s future will be presented. The authors of the articles in this part mainly come from those countries that joined the Alliance after the end of the Cold War. The second part is devoted strictly to the topic of enlargement. In this part we asked experts from NATO members (both “old” and “new”), potential candidates and other NATO partners (including Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Sweden, Finland etc.) how they view the future of NATO cooperation with external partners in Europe and the prospects for enlargement of the Alliance.
Download or read book Evaluating NATO Enlargement written by James Goldgeier and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-24 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobilizing an interdisciplinary group of scholars and practitioners, this book reviews the history and consequences of NATO’s post-Cold War enlargement into Central and Eastern Europe. It offers a nuanced discussion of the merits and drawbacks of NATO enlargement across the different actors involved and compares the results of the policy against potential alternatives that were not chosen. Particular attention is given to NATO enlargement’s influence on the course of U.S. foreign policy, democracy and security in Central and Eastern Europe, NATO’s own development as a political and military institution, and relations with China and Russia (including the 2022 Russia-Ukraine War). Written for an engaged audience, the book is designed to appeal to students, researchers, and policymakers alike while offering both policy insights and avenues for future scholarship.
Download or read book Explaining NATO Enlargement written by Robert W. Rauchhaus and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No proceedings publication was planned when political scientists gathered in Berkeley in the spring of 1998 for a conference on NATO enlargement, but by the end of it, they decided that too many important issues and ideas had been brought to up let scatter undocumented. The ten essays evaluate the pros and cons of enlarging the alliance, explain why it was expanded eastward, and recommend which countries if any should be offered membership in the future. Distributed in the US by ISBS. c. Book News Inc.
Download or read book NATO After Enlargement written by Stephen Blank and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In April 1999, NATO members will celebrate in Washington the 50th anniversary of the Washington Treaty and the founding of NATO. At that time they will enroll three new members: Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic, decide upon NATO.s new strategic concept, and raise issues connected with the possibility of further enlargement. In the wake of the Paris and Madrid conferences of 1997 that consummated agreements with Russia and Ukraine on their relationships with NATO and resolved to admit the three aforementioned states as members, NATO is moving forward to reshape the European security agenda. But, as in other situations, we may ask .Quo Vadis NATO?. and even more sharply make the same inquiry of individual members and of Russia. In fact, it is quite clear that, despite the American claim that enlargement is merely projecting stability eastward, it actually constitutes a radical transformation of the European agenda and of both U.S. and European history. And, as such, NATO enlargement raises a host of issues for future consideration. But nobody can say for sure where enlargement will lead, or, more importantly, how it will be enforced, though hopes for and prognostications of the ultimate point of arrival abound. Nor can we resolve with any certainty the myriad issues involved in extending NATO both in terms of its organizational scope and its future missions. That extension, particularly in terms of territory or geographical scope is immense in its implications, but the final outcome or resolution of all those issues necessarily remains unclear. That uncertainty is not surprising. It is commonly the case that major restructurings of international politics are undertaken by statesmen and politicians who have only a partial notion at best of where they hope go. As Napoleon would have said, .on s'engage et puis on voit,. (One commits himself and then sees where he is). Precisely because the process of NATO enlargement is itself such a transformation and raises probably more issues and questions than it answers, the Strategic Studies Institute undertook a conference in Washington on January 26, 1998, to begin the process of seeing where the United States and where NATO are going. The following chapters are the fruits of that conference, but obviously they can only deal with some of the issues. Questions like the Baltic littoral's future, the nature of peace operations in the future, or the emerging situation in Bosnia and, more recently, in Kossovo, are not specifically included. But many other fundamental issues have been addressed. Simon Serfaty addresses the larger issue of where European security institutions in general, i.e., not just NATO, but the European Union and its hoped-for Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) are going. Robert Dorff assesses trends in both American and European public opinion regarding issues raised by enlargement and possible future military contingencies. Stephen Blank probes the rival visions of America, Russia, and Europe concerning the future missions and roles of NATO and of these three sets of governments. Sherman Garnett and Rachel Lebenson analyze the complicated situation on Russia's Western frontier where Moldova, Belarus, and Ukraine all interact in a complex way with Russia and the members of NATO. Rachel Bronson and Glen Howard track the little-discussed but increasingly important strategic interaction of NATO and the United States with the Transcaucasian and Central Asia states. General Edward Atkeson (U.S. Army Retired) discusses issues of burdensharing among allies and the military implications of the Partnership for Peace program within the expanded NATO. And General Frederick Kroesen (U.S. Army Retired) raises the important question of how NATO actually should go about building a true military coalition.
Download or read book NATO Enlargement The American Viewpoint written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bucharest Diary written by Alfred H. Moses and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insider's account of Romania's emergence from communism control In the 1970s American attorney Alfred H. Moses was approached on the streets of Bucharest by young Jews seeking help to emigrate to Israel. This became the author's mission until the communist regime fell in 1989. Before that Moses had met periodically with Romania's communist dictator, Nicolae Ceausescu, to persuade him to allow increased Jewish emigration. This experience deepened Moses's interest in Romania—an interest that culminated in his serving as U.S. ambassador to the country from 1994 to 1997 during the Clinton administration. The ambassador's time of service in Romania came just a few years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. During this period Romania faced economic paralysis and was still buried in the rubble of communism. Over the next three years Moses helped nurture Romania's nascent democratic institutions, promoted privatization of Romania's economy, and shepherded Romania on the path toward full integration with Western institutions. Through frequent press conferences, speeches, and writings in the Romanian and Western press and in his meetings with Romanian officials at the highest level, he stated in plain language the steps Romania needed to take before it could be accepted in the West as a free and democratic country. Bucharest Diary: An American Ambassador's Journey is filled with firsthand stories, including colorful anecdotes, of the diplomacy, both public and private, that helped Romania recover from four decades of communist rule and, eventually, become a member of both NATO and the European Union. Romania still struggles today with the consequences of its history, but it has reached many of its post-communist goals, which Ambassador Moses championed at a crucial time. This book will be of special interest to readers of history and public affairs—in particular those interested in Jewish life under communist rule in Eastern Europe and how the United States and its Western partners helped rebuild an important country devastated by communism.
Download or read book The Debate on NATO Enlargement written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Beyond NATO written by Michael E. O'Hanlon and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new Brookings Marshall Paper, Michael O'Hanlon argues that now is the time for Western nations to negotiate a new security architecture for neutral countries in eastern Europe to stabilize the region and reduce the risks of war with Russia. He believes NATO expansion has gone far enough. The core concept of this new security architecture would be one of permanent neutrality. The countries in question collectively make a broken-up arc, from Europe's far north to its south: Finland and Sweden; Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus; Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan; and finally Cyprus plus Serbia, as well as possibly several other Balkan states. Discussion on the new framework should begin within NATO, followed by deliberation with the neutral countries themselves, and then formal negotiations with Russia. The new security architecture would require that Russia, like NATO, commit to help uphold the security of Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, and other states in the region. Russia would have to withdraw its troops from those countries in a verifiable manner; after that, corresponding sanctions on Russia would be lifted. The neutral countries would retain their rights to participate in multilateral security operations on a scale comparable to what has been the case in the past, including even those operations that might be led by NATO. They could think of and describe themselves as Western states (or anything else, for that matter). If the European Union and they so wished in the future, they could join the EU. They would have complete sovereignty and self-determination in every sense of the word. But NATO would decide not to invite them into the alliance as members. Ideally, these nations would endorse and promote this concept themselves as a more practical way to ensure their security than the current situation or any other plausible alternative.
Download or read book U S Decision Making and Post Cold War NATO Enlargement Collapse of Soviet Union Opposition of Russia and Putin Controversy Over Macedonia Montenegro Georgia Ukraine Bosnia Herzegovina written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the major influences on U.S. decision-making regarding the enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) following the end of the Cold War. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many questioned the need for the Alliance's continued existence. It was not obvious that NATO would survive, and indeed thrive in the twenty-first century. The United States has been the driving force behind NATO's surprising endurance and growth. This study identifies key factors that have motivated American decision-makers to support the expansion of the Alliance's membership since the end of the Cold War in 1989-1991. Time and again, evolving threats to transatlantic security have revealed the need to sustain the Alliance. Cold War fears of communist aggression were replaced by the dangers of instability created by ethnic and religious conflicts, as demonstrated in the Balkans. These dangers in turn gave way to menacing transnational terrorist organizations, including al Qaeda. As the threats changed, the importance of close political association at times trumped that of enhanced military capability. Cultivating the international community of free democracies by expanding NATO membership provided a framework to counter the emerging threats. I. INTRODUCTION * A. IMPORTANCE OF THE RESEARCH * B. METHODS AND SOURCES * C. PROBLEMS AND HYPOTHESES * D. LITERATURE REVIEW * E. MAIN ARGUMENT * F. STUDY OVERVIEW * II. NATO ENLARGEMENT 1999 * A. UNREST IN EUROPE * B. POLITICS AND PREFERENCES * C. BUILDING CONSENSUS * D. ALLIED ATTITUDES ON ENLARGEMENT * E. THE NATO-RUSSIA FOUNDING ACT * F. EXTENDING INVITATIONS * G. TREATY RATIFICATION * H. CONCLUSION * III. NATO ENLARGEMENT 2004 * A. PRESSURE TO KEEP THE DOOR OPEN * B. DOMESTIC SUPPORT FOR ENLARGEMENT * C. ALLIED ATTITUDES ON SUBSEQUENT ENLARGEMENT * D. DEBATING POTENTIAL CANDIDATES * E. SEPTEMBER 11, 2001, AND ITS EFFECTS ON ENLARGEMENT * F. CONCLUSION * IV. NATO ENLARGEMENT 2009 * A. INTERNATIONAL EVENTS * B. PROSPECTIVE CANDIDATES * C. THE ALLIES' OUTLOOK * D. RUSSIAN OPPOSITION * E. EXECUTIVE DECISION * F. CONGRESSIONAL DECISION * G. CONCLUSION * V. CONCLUSION * A. NATO'S POST-COLD WAR ENLARGEMENT * B. PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE ENLARGEMENT This study topic is important because it gives insight into the American foreign policy decision-making process and sheds light on the factors that influenced U.S. decisions on NATO enlargement. This might enable one to identify the issues that will prove important in future enlargement debates. Article 10 of the North Atlantic Treaty affirms the Allies' commitment to hold the possibility of membership open to any European state that is able to further Allied principles and contribute to Alliance security. Many European states wanted in after the fall of the Soviet Union, and still others are on a waiting list. In light of the elevated threat posed by a more assertive and aggressive Russian Federation with its eyes looking west, the NATO aspirations of Georgia and Ukraine have become the topics of publicized debate. Less well known are the NATO membership prospects for several smaller Eastern European hopefuls. Macedonia and Montenegro are currently participating in NATO's Membership Action Plan (MAP). The Allies have endorsed Bosnia and Herzegovina's participation in the MAP, pending the resolution of an immovable property issue. Serbia, a NATO adversary during the 1998-1999 Kosovo Conflict, seeks attainment of NATO standards, and its prospects for membership have been discussed. It is apparent that the Alliance will once again confront the subject of enlargement, and this study endeavors to identify the salient issues that will probably influence decision-making in the United States.
Download or read book European security U S and European contributions to foster stability and security in Europe written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Cold War, U.S. policymakers have debated the nature and extent of the contributions of the United States and its European allies to security and stability in Europe. During the Cold War, this debate centered on whether Europeans were spending enough on military forces and capabilities. However, the breakup of the Soviet Union resulted in the emergence of a broader set of instabilities and threats, characterized by ethnic conflicts in the Balkans. In this environment, new questions have arisen about the extent of the military and nonmilitary contributions the United States and its European allies are making to security in the European region. In response to the mandate contained in the Lloyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001,1 we identified and assessed (1) U.S. and European military and nonit%tary contributions to security and stability in the European region, (2) U.S. and European military and nonmilitary contributions to security and stability in the Balkans, and (3) the status of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and European defense initiatives to improve military capabilities for conflict management. In addition, this report summarizes the results of a companion GAO report concerning the effects of forward-deployed U.S. forces in Europe on mobility requirements in the event of a regional conflict in Europe or the Middle East. 2 To meet these objectives, we analyzed a range of documents and interviewed numerous military and political officials from five European allies and the United States. We define European allies as European NATO and European Union countries,4 and Switzerland.
Download or read book NATO Enlargement written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NATO Military Forces Strategy Structure and Operations Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information written by IBP USA and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2009-03-20 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2011 Updated Reprint. Updated Annually. NATO Military Forces, Strategy, Structure and Operations Handbook
Download or read book The Political Economy of NATO written by Todd Sandler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-04-13 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using simple economic methods while accounting for political and institutional factors, this book puts forward a political economy viewpoint of NATO's current status and its future prospects. A host of NATO policy concerns are addressed including the optimal membership for the alliance, its role in peacekeeping missions worldwide, the appropriate methods for deterring terrorism, and proper procurement practices for the next generation of weapons. Additional topics concern defense burden sharing, arms trade, NATO's institutional structure, and NATO's role vis-a-vis other international organizations. Although the analysis is rigorous, the book is intended for a wide audience drawn from political science and economics.
