Download or read book National Political Ideologies and Communal Identity Among the Druze in Lebanon written by Randa Aboul-Hosn and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on political integration of Lebanese Druze in political parties in Lebanon. The objective of the study is to investigate the duality of belonging both to a sect and to a political party among Druze partisans in Lebanon. Generally speaking, Lebanon as a political unit is constitutionally based on communal representations, This applies to the Druze as well as other sects in Lebanon, However, the Druze are of particular interest because their sect, unlike the others, is closed to new converts. This characteristic seems to contribute to the creation and perpetuation of a "Druze" communal identity. This identity is even more politically reinforced by conflicts with other sects such as the ones prevailing today. Yet it is a noticeable fact that Lebanese Druze are relatively distributed among a variety of political parties advancing different political ideologies and not all based on sectarian identities. Each party as a political formation in itself, irrespective of whether it is communal or not, sustains the political identity of its members through its national political claim or ideology. Thus, political integration in the party depends largely on assimilation of its national political ideology as opposed to the communal identity of the individual member, the Druze in this case. It is in this perspective that this research will study political integration of the Druze in political parties. The analysis will consist of investigating each type of identity, i.e. communal and partisan, and then examining the relationship between them. The political parties which will be sampled in this inquiry are the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP), the Syrian Social Nationalist Party CSSNP), the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), They were chosen because, although at least one of them has become communal and sectarian, they were founded on a non-sectarian basis. For when they were founded in 1924, 1932 and 1949 respectively, membership was (and still is relatively) accessible to the people who identified with their national ideologies regardless of their sect. The relevance of these parties to the Druze lies in what seems to be a common and constant tendency for Druze individuals to join them. This thesis will attempt to examine the ideological link between the three political parties and the Druze community in general. The researcher will then proceed to investigate the level of political integration through interviews with Lebanese Druze partisans of the respective parties. Some potential interview questions are: "Why did you join the party?"; "What factors determined your choice of the party?"; "What would be your reaction if your party and your sect came under conflict The followings are the general hypothetical propositions 1. If communal identity is predominant and stronger than identification with the ideological principles of the party, then political integration in the party is likely to be low. Consequently, the overall political identity of Druze partisans is communal, traditional and sectarian regardless of the political circumstances which might surround the Druze or prevail in Lebanon. 2. If identification with the ideological principles of the party is predominant and stronger than communal identity, then political integration is likely to be high.consequently, the political identity of Druze partisans is ideological, rational and secular, regardless of the prevailing political circumstances. 3. If communal identity and identification with the ideological principles of the party interplay, the political integration in the party is mainly a function of political circumstances external to the Druze individual himself. In this case, political integration of a Druze partisan in his party depends on his perception and understanding of the political events surrounding his community, and Lebanon, as well as the party itself. The general purpose of this study is to present an understanding of :he nature of Druze participation in political parties in Lebanon. It will hopefully distinguish between participation in the party and integration in ;he party. The study will also contribute to testing whether there is a tevelopment from a traditional to a rational political identity among the Druze in Lebanon. Chapter I provides a historical background of the Druze in Lebanon, rhis descriptive chapter emphasizes the demographic, social, economic, 'eligious and political traits which play a role in shaping the self-image of .he Druze community in Lebanon. Chapter II studies the Druze in the context of the Lebanese society ind the state structure in the country. This chapter consists of three sections. The first section reviews the political participation of the Druze in the struggle for independence of Lebanon; the second section overviews the Druze participation and integration in the Lebanese society; and the third section reviews their attitudes towards the state system. Chapter III presents a brief summary of the three relevant political parties. The summary includes a general background of the birth anc growth of each party; it also includes a brief summary of the basic ideological principles of each party. The last section of this chapter will involve comparing the ideologies of the three parties, as well as their socio-political composition. Chapter IV describes the research techniques used for conducting the fieldwork (interviews) and the method of coding, tabulating and analyzinc the results (the content analysis method). Chapters V and VI present the results of the interviews, and then the Interpretations of the results. A conclusion follows chapter V!. The conclusion purposes to state the final remarks concerning the inquiry in general.
Download or read book The Druze Community and the Lebanese State written by Yusri Hazran and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the fundamental questions of Middle Eastern, and Lebanese studies in particular, is the history of the relationship between the Druze community and the state in modern Lebanon. Arguing that the Druze community has been politically alienated from the Lebanese state, this book explores the historical and political origins of this alienation. The Druze Community and the Lebanese State contends that the origins of this alienation lie in the state’s national ideology, its political confessional system, and the Druze’s historical background during the medieval period. Moreover, this book examines the extent to which the Druze’s attitude vis-à-vis the Lebanese state has been influenced by their historical rivalry with the Maronites. Particular emphasis is placed on the political and ideological practices adopted by the Druze leadership and intelligentsia as they dealt with the changes taking place in their community’s political status following the political settlements of 1920 and 1943 (the establishment of Greater Lebanon and the National Pact, respectively). A welcome addition to existing literature on Lebanon, this book will be an essential reference tool for students and researchers with an interest in nationalism, identity and Middle East Politics more broadly.
Download or read book The Communal Pact of National Identities written by Farid El-Khazen and published by . This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Druzes written by Nejla M. Abu Izzeddin and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When this book was first published in 1984, it was the first extensive study of the Druzes to appear for many years. A small community native only in Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, the Druzes have exercised an influence around them greater than their numerical strength. Living for the most part in mountainous territories they have maintained an independent existence for a thousand years. This book places the beliefs of the Druzes in the context of the history of Sh?'ism in its Ism?'?l? form, from which their faith developed. It also describes the role of the Druze community in the history of Lebanon and Syria. In the preparation of this book, the author, a Druze herself, has made use not only of the readily available Arabic and European sources but also of documents and manuscripts that are less easily accessible.
Download or read book Lebanon written by David McDowall and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shi ite Lebanon written by Roschanack Shaery-Eisenlohr and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation By providing a new framework for understanding Shi'ite national politics in Lebanon, Roschanack Shaery-Eisenlohr recasts the relationship between religion and nationalism in the Middle East
Download or read book The Origins of the Lebanese National Idea written by Carol Hakim and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2013-01-19 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fascinating study, Carol Hakim presents a new and original narrative on the origins of the Lebanese national idea. Hakim’s study reconsiders conventional accounts that locate the origins of Lebanese nationalism in a distant legendary past and then trace its evolution in a linear and gradual manner. She argues that while some of the ideas and historical myths at the core of Lebanese nationalism appeared by the mid-nineteenth century, a coherent popular nationalist ideology and movement emerged only with the establishment of the Lebanese state in 1920. Hakim reconstructs the complex process that led to the appearance of fluid national ideals among members of the clerical and secular Lebanese elite, and follows the fluctuations and variations of these ideals up until the establishment of a Lebanese state. The book is an essential read for anyone interested in the evolution of nationalism in the Middle East and beyond.
Download or read book Research Report written by American University of Beirut and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conflict Resolution in the Arab World written by Paul Salem and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study of conflict management in the Middle East covers general conflict resolution in Islam, sociological roots of conflict resolution in the Arab World and conflict resolution and the Arab state. The Western perspectives presented are then critiqued from a non-Western standpoint.
Download or read book Hezbollah written by Hadi Wahab and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-06-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines Hezbollah’s transition from a domestic into a regional armed non-state actor (ANSA). Taking its point of departure in Hezbollah’s historiography on the military and political levels in Lebanon, it focuses on the participation of Hezbollah’s troops in Syria’s sect-coded civil war. Initially limited, Hezbollah’s intervention in the Syrian conflict gradually increased into a full-scale engagement across vast swathes of Syrian territory, with Hezbollah instrumentalizing its sectarian (Shiʿa) identity to justify its engagement. Sect-centric narratives and victimhood were a mere tool for what was a geopolitical confrontation, and Hezbollah’s involvement launched it to becoming a regional ANSA. The book outlines that this transition was only plausible because of the interplay between three factors: Hezbollah’s sectarian mobilization and instrumentalization of its sectarian identity; the shift into a quasi-army combining classical with guerrilla tactics and formations; and its embedding as a partner in the axis which now extends from Beirut to Tehran. It was in 2018 that a set of conditions, impossible to reproduce, allowed Hezbollah to reach its culmination on both the domestic and regional theatres. This book shows that ANSAs are playing prominent roles in the regional order in the Middle East. Meticulously researched, Hezbollah is a comprehensive study ideal for upper-level undergraduates and above with an interest in Middle East studies, Middle East politics and international relations.
Download or read book Lebanon written by Mark Farha and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronicles secularism in Lebanon up to the present day, presenting possible causes for its decline in the face of sectarianism.
Download or read book Ethnicity Pluralism and the State in the Middle East written by Milton J. Esman and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-15 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely and innovative discussion of the role that ethnicity plays in contemporary Middle Eastern affairs, Ethnicity, Pluralism, and the State in the Middle East is the first systematic exploration of this important dimension in the social life, statecraft, politics, and international relations in the region.
Download or read book Politics in Lebanon written by Leonard Binder and published by New York, Wiley. This book was released on 1966 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lebanon. Series of articles on politics. Studies Lebanese society, economy and economic development. Impact of the maronite Church on the political system. Political leadership. Social structure. Government and political parties. Public administration. International relations. Political problems and change. Partly historical. References.
Download or read book The international politics of the Middle East written by Raymond Hinnebusch and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-19 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. This text aims to fill a gap in the field of Middle Eastern political studies by combining international relations theory with concrete case studies. It begins with an overview of the rules and features of the Middle East regional system—the arena in which the local states, including Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Israel and the Arab states of Syria, Jordan and Iraq, operate. The book goes on to analyse foreign-policy-making in key states, illustrating how systemic determinants constrain this policy-making, and how these constraints are dealt with in distinctive ways depending on the particular domestic features of the individual states. Finally, it goes on to look at the outcomes of state policies by examining several major conflicts including the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Gulf War, and the system of regional alignment. The study assesses the impact of international penetration in the region, including the historic reasons behind the formation of the regional state system. It also analyses the continued role of external great powers, such as the United States and the former Soviet Union, and explains the process by which the region has become incorporated into the global capitalist market.
Download or read book Sectarianism and Intercommunal Nation building in Lebanon written by Hanna Ziadeh and published by Hurst & Company. This book was released on 2006 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sectarian conflict, foreign interventions and a constant search for inter-communal compromise have been dominant themes in Lebanese history. This book draws together for the first time the entire corpus of national pacts and constitutional texts which have demarcated the major ruptures of Lebanese history. In his introduction Hanna Ziadeh explains how a constant state of communal tension regularly led to sectarian conflict.
Download or read book Conflict on Mount Lebanon written by Makram Rabah and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Druze and the Maronites, arguably the two founding communities of modern Lebanon, have the reputation of being primordial enemies. Makram Rabah attempts to gauge the impact of collective memory on determining the course and the nature of the conflict between these communities in Mount Lebanon. He takes as his focus 'the War of the Mountain' in 1982, reconstructing the events of this war through the framework of collective remembrance and oral history.He challenges the idea that these group identities were constructed by their respective centres of power within the Maronite and Druze community, providing an alternative to the prevailing meta-narrative. Telling the stories of the many people who took part in these events, or who simply suffered as a consequence, helps to expose the intrinsic motives which led to this conflict and makes a valuable contribution to the field of Lebanese historical scholarship.
Download or read book The Government and Politics of Lebanon written by Imad Salamey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aiming to contribute to the reader’s greater understanding of Lebanese government and politics, this book provides a comprehensive examination of the origin, development, and institutionalization of sectarian consociationalism in Lebanon. A recurrent proposition advanced in this book is that Lebanese sectarian consociationalism has been both a cure and a curse in the formulation of political settlements and institution building. On the one hand, and in contrast to many surrounding Arab regimes, consociational arrangements have provided the country with a relative democratic political life. A limited government with a strong confessional division of power and a built-in checks and balance mechanism prevented the emergence of dictatorship or monarchy. On the other hand, a chronic weak state has complicated efforts for nation building in favour of sectarian fragmentation, external interventions, and strong polarization that periodically brought the country to the verge of total collapse and civil war. While examining Lebanese sectarian politics of conflict and concession during different historic junctures many revelations are made that underlie the role of domestic and international forces shaping the country’s future. Presenting an implicit description of the power and functions of the various branches of government within the context of sectarian consociationalism, this book is an important introductory text for students of Lebanese Politics and Middle Eastern politics more broadly.
