Download or read book NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM COMMITMENT TO POLICYHOLDERS REPORT REPORT 109 370 U S CONGRESS 109TH CONGRESS 2ND SESSION written by United States. Congress. House and published by . This book was released on 2006* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM FURTHER ENHANCED BORROWING REPORT REPORT 109 274 U S CONGRESS 109TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Flood Insurance Program Commitment to Policyholders and Reform Act of 2005 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Affordability of National Flood Insurance Program Premiums written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-02-21 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Congress authorized the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in 1968, it intended for the program to encourage community initiatives in flood risk management, charge insurance premiums consistent with actuarial pricing principles, and encourage the purchase of flood insurance by owners of flood prone properties, in part, by offering affordable premiums. The NFIP has been reauthorized many times since 1968, most recently with the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (BW 2012). In this most recent reauthorization, Congress placed a particular emphasis on setting flood insurance premiums following actuarial pricing principles, which was motivated by a desire to ensure future revenues were adequate to pay claims and administrative expenses. BW 2012 was designed to move the NFIP towards risk-based premiums for all flood insurance policies. The result was to be increased premiums for some policyholders that had been paying less than NFIP risk-based premiums and to possibly increase premiums for all policyholders. Recognition of this possibility and concern for the affordability of flood insurance is reflected in sections of the Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2014 (HFIAA 2014). These sections called on FEMA to propose a draft affordability framework for the NFIP after completing an analysis of the efforts of possible programs for offering "means-tested assistance" to policyholders for whom higher rates may not be affordable. BW 2012 and HFIAA 2014 mandated that FEMA conduct a study, in cooperation with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, which would compare the costs of a program of risk-based rates and means-tested assistance to the current system of subsidized flood insurance rates and federally funded disaster relief for people without coverage. Production of two reports was agreed upon to fulfill this mandate. This second report proposes alternative approaches for a national evaluation of affordability program policy options and includes lessons for the design of a national study from a proof-of-concept pilot study.
Download or read book Affordability of National Flood Insurance Program Premiums written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-08-06 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is housed within the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and offers insurance policies that are marketed and sold through private insurers, but with the risks borne by the U.S. federal government. NFIP's primary goals are to ensure affordable insurance premiums, secure widespread community participation in the program, and earn premium and fee income that covers claims paid and program expenses over time. In July 2012, the U.S. Congress passed the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform and Modernization Act (Biggert-Waters 2012), designed to move toward an insurance program with NFIP risk-based premiums that better reflected expected losses from floods at insured properties. This eliminated policies priced at what the NFIP called "pre-FIRM subsidized" and "grandfathered." As Biggert-Waters 2012 went into effect, constituents from multiple communities expressed concerns about the elimination of lower rate classes, arguing that it created a financial burden on policy holders. In response to these concerns Congress passed The Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2014 (HFIAA 2014). The 2014 legislation changed the process by which pre-FIRM subsidized premiums for primary residences would be removed and reinstated grandfathering. As part of that legislation, FEMA must report back to Congress with a draft affordability framework. Affordability of National Flood Insurance Program Premiums: Report 1 is the first part of a two-part study to provide input as FEMA prepares their draft affordability framework. This report discusses the underlying definitions and methods for an affordability framework and the affordability concept and applications. Affordability of National Flood Insurance Program Premiums gives an overview of the demand for insurance and the history of the NFIP premium setting. The report then describes alternatives for determining when the premium increases resulting from Biggert-Waters 2012 would make flood insurance unaffordable.
Download or read book FLOOD INSURANCE REFORM AND MODERNIZATION ACT OF 2006 REPORT REPORT 109 410 U S CONGRESS 109TH CONGRESS 2ND SESSION written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Flood Insurance Program Commitment to Policyholders and Reform Act of 2005 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book United States Congressional Serial Set Serial No 15049 House Reports No 314 Pt 2 Nos 315 Pt 2 3 No 316 Pt 3 No 332 Pt 2 and Nos 356 Pt 2 365 376 written by United States. 79th Congress, 2nd session and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Flood Insurance Program Commitment to Policyholders and Reform Act of 2005 h miroform written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Look at the National Flood Ins Program Field Hearing Serial No 109 115 Com on Financial Services U s House of Reps 109th Congress 2nd Session written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services and published by . This book was released on 2007* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Flood Insurance written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, flooding has been the most common natural disaster in the United States, costing more in property damages than any other natural disaster. In response to the trend of building homes and businesses in flood-prone areas and the increasing cost of damages caused by floods, Congress created the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in 1968. The object was to reduce future flood losses through flood hazard identification, floodplain management (i.e., land use controls and building codes), and insurance protection. NFIP coverage is available to all owners and occupants of insurable property in a participating community. Two flood insurance-related policy issues stand out in the 109th Congress. The first issue is the high and continuing cost of paying for repetitively flooded properties, and clarifying congressional intent with respect to restoring flood victims to pre-flood conditions. The problem with repetitive loss properties (RLPs) is that the vast majority of these older, generally less-safe properties were "grandfathered" into the NFIP when the program was created, and these properties have been repaired multiple times with subsidized flood insurance claim payments. Owners of RLPs pay less than the full actuarial risk rates. Congress started looking at the RLP problem (and other matters) several years before the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994. The Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program was authorized as Section 1266 in 1994, and has largely been used to mitigate RLPs. The Bunning-Bereuter-Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-264), signed into law on June 30, 2004, doubled the authorization for that program but did not change its focus, despite some adjustment of priorities. The 2004 Act also added two new programs that are focused on RLPs -- the Pilot Program and the Individual Property program. Although the statute authorized $40 million a year for the Pilot program, subject to annual appropriations, the Administration's budget request for FY2006 did not include funding. Legislation to appropriate the funds (H.R. 2360) is pending. The second issue, which involves the adequacy of payments and the clarity of policies and procedures for filing and adjusting flood insurance claims after Hurricane Isabel in September 2003, was initially addressed by provisions in the 2004 act that made some programmatic changes to the NFIP and required several studies and reports. This report traces the evolution of the NFIP and provides background information on the program. This is followed by a brief discussion of the problem of repetitively flooded properties and the mitigation program administered by FEMA. A summary of the major provisions in the Bunning-Bereuter-Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004 is included. The report does not examine other important NFIP-related issues involving coastal erosion, the Coastal Barriers Resources System, market penetration, lender compliance, and NFIP financial conditions and managing systems. This report will be updated to reflect significant legislative action.
Download or read book General Explanation of Tax Legislation Enacted in written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2005 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: JCS-5-05. Joint Committee Print. Provides an explanation of tax legislation enacted in the 108th Congress. Arranged in chronological order by the date each piece of legislation was signed into law. This document, prepared by the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation in consultation with the staffs of the House Committee on Ways and Means and the Senate Committee on Finance, provides an explanation of tax legislation enacted in the 108th Congress. The explanation follows the chronological order of the tax legislation as signed into law. For each provision, the document includes a description of present law, explanation of the provision, and effective date. Present law describes the law in effect immediately prior to enactment. It does not reflect changes to the law made by the provision or subsequent to the enactment of the provision. For many provisions, the reasons for change are also included. In some instances, provisions included in legislation enacted in the 108th Congress were not reported out of committee before enactment. For example, in some cases, the provisions enacted were included in bills that went directly to the House and Senate floors. As a result, the legislative history of such provisions does not include the reasons for change normally included in a committee report. In the case of such provisions, no reasons for change are included with the explanation of the provision in this document. In some cases, there is no legislative history for enacted provisions. For such provisions, this document includes a description of present law, explanation of the provision, and effective date, as prepared by the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation. In some cases, contemporaneous technical explanations of certain bills were prepared and published by the staff of the Joint Committee. In those cases, this document follows the technical explanations. Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise indicated.
Download or read book Insurance Class Actions in the United States written by Nicholas M. Pace and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2007-05-18 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Class actions, which are civil cases in which parties initiate a lawsuit on behalf of other plaintiffs not specifically named in the complaint, often make headlines and arouse policy debates. However, policymakers and the public know little about most class actions. This book presents the results of surveys of insurers and of state departments of insurance to learn more about class litigation against insurance companies.
Download or read book Downsizing the Federal Government written by Chris Edwards and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2005-11-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The federal government is running huge budget deficits, spending too much, and heading toward a financial crisis. Federal spending soared under President George W. Bush, and the costs of programs for the elderly are set to balloon in coming years. Hurricane Katrina has made the federal budget situation even more desperate. In Downsizing the Federal Government Cato Institute budget expert Chris Edwards provides policymakers with solutions to the growing federal budget mess. Edwards identifies more than 100 federal programs that should be terminated, transferred to the states, or privatized in order to balance the budget and save hundreds of billions of dollars. Edwards proposes a balanced reform package of cuts to entitlements, domestic programs, and excess defense spending. He argues that these cuts would not only eliminate the deficit, but also strengthen the economy, enlarge personal freedom, and leave a positive fiscal legacy for the next generation. Downsizing the Federal Government discusses the systematic causes of wasteful spending, and it overflows with examples of federal programs that are obsolete and mismanaged. The book examines the budget process and shows how policymakers act contrary to the interests of average Americans by favoring special interests.
Download or read book The Dirty Dozen written by Robert A. Levy and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2009-08-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexander Hamilton wrote that “the judiciary, from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution.” If only that were true. The Founding Fathers wanted the judicial branch to serve as a check on the power of the legislative and executive, and gave the Supreme Court the responsibility of interpreting the Constitution in a way that would safeguard individual freedoms. In some cases, like Brown V. Board of Education and United States V. Lopez, the Court fulfilled its role, protecting us from racial discrimination and the heavy hand of the federal government. But sadly, the Supreme Court has also handed down many destructive decisions on cases you probably never learned about in school. In The Dirty Dozen, two distinguished legal scholars shed light on the twelve worst cases, which allowed government to interfere in your private contractual agreements; curtail your rights to criticize or support political candidates; arrest and imprison you indefinitely, without filing charges; and seize your private property, without compensation, when someone uses the property for criminal activity—even if you don’t know about it! This is not a book just for lawyers. It’s for all Americans who want to understand how the Supreme Court can affect our right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This paperback edition includes a new preface, “Guns, Bailouts, and Empathetic Judges,” which highlights new and critical issues that have arisen since the book’s initial edition was published in 2008.
Download or read book Fighting for the Speakership written by Jeffery A. Jenkins and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Speaker of the House of Representatives is the most powerful partisan figure in the contemporary U.S. Congress. How this came to be, and how the majority party in the House has made control of the speakership a routine matter, is far from straightforward. Fighting for the Speakership provides a comprehensive history of how Speakers have been elected in the U.S. House since 1789, arguing that the organizational politics of these elections were critical to the construction of mass political parties in America and laid the groundwork for the role they play in setting the agenda of Congress today. Jeffery Jenkins and Charles Stewart show how the speakership began as a relatively weak office, and how votes for Speaker prior to the Civil War often favored regional interests over party loyalty. While struggle, contention, and deadlock over House organization were common in the antebellum era, such instability vanished with the outbreak of war, as the majority party became an "organizational cartel" capable of controlling with certainty the selection of the Speaker and other key House officers. This organizational cartel has survived Gilded Age partisan strife, Progressive Era challenge, and conservative coalition politics to guide speakership elections through the present day. Fighting for the Speakership reveals how struggles over House organization prior to the Civil War were among the most consequential turning points in American political history.
Download or read book Congressional Record written by United States. Congress and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)
