Download or read book Naphthalene Hydrogenation with Water Gas Shift in Model Oil Water Emulsion Slurry Over Molybdenum Sulfide written by Christopher Choy and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Naphthalene Hydrogenation with Water Gas Shift in Model Oil water Emulsion Slurry Over MoS2 written by Christopher Choy and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic naphthalene hydrogenation to tetralin in water/hydrocarbon emulsions with simultaneous water gas shift as the hydrogen source was performed in a 300 ml batch autoclave as a model for aromatic hydrogenation in water/bitumen emulsions. The catalyst utilized was an unsupported and dispersed type based on molybdenum sulfide (MoS2). Distinguishing the fate of hydrogen from water as opposed to molecular hydrogen in hydrogenation and water gas shift was accomplished by utilizing deuterium oxide (D2O) with NMR spectroscopy. The use of D2O allowed determination of isotope effects when compared with H2O. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy was performed to observe CO adsorption on the MoS2 sulfide surface. Ruthenium was tested as a potential candidate to enhance the activity of the Mo catalyst. Iron, nickel and vanadium were utilized in combination with molybdenum to test promotional/inhibitive activity during naphthalene hydrogenation and water gas shift since Ni and V are found in significant quantities in real bitumen feed. Finally, a multifactorial experiment was performed to test the hydrogenation and water gas shift activity of a binary VNiMo-sulfide catalyst towards H2S partial pressure, temperature and H2 versus CO atmospheres. Deuterium from D2O was incorporated into both saturated and aromatic hydrogen positions in tetralin products. Calculation of a Hydrogenation Index and Exchange Index indicated the extent of H-exchange is greater than hydrogenation. Exchange between D2O and organic products was enhanced with the MoS2 catalyst under H2 or CO compared to N2. A kinetically measured isotope effect of 1.58 was in agreement with a quasi-equilibrium thermodynamic isotope effect for O-H dissociations measured in the literature. A true kinetic isotope effect may be masked by transient surface concentrations occurring under batch conditions. Two strong vibrational bands associated with adsorbed CO were observed over MoS2 above 160 °C. Activation of the MoS2 surface with CO produces COS, suggesting an analgous mechanism to the production of H2S during reduction in H2. In the presence of H2S, Ru displayed low catalytic activity for both water gas shift and naphthalene hydrogenation, attributed to incomplete sulfidation to active RuS2. FeMo and VMo exhibited lower hydrogenation activity than Mo, but the water gas shift activity of VMo was high. A ternary VNiMo displayed lower hydrogenation activity than NiMo and Mo but was higher than VMo, implying Ni could offset the inhibition caused by V. Recycle of V and Ni rich asphaltene residues in catalytic slurry upgrading may therefore be feasible. An analysis of the effect of H2S pressure, temperature and type of reduction gas (CO vs. H2) concluded that temperature had the greatest positive effect on rate, followed by a small interaction effect of temperature/gas type and PH2S/gas type. The proximity to equilibrium conversions in WGS limited the analysis, while equilibrium limited the conversion of naphthalene at 380 °C in the batch reactor.
Download or read book Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation of Model Compounds Using In situ Hydrogen Over Nano Dispersed Mo Sulfide Based Catalysts written by Kun Liu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy oil derived from oil sands is becoming an important resource of energy and transportation fuels due to the depletion of conventional oil resources. However, bitumen and heavy oils have a low hydrogen/carbon ratio and contain a large percentage of sulfur and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. At the level of deep desulfurization, aromatic poly-nuclear molecules, especially nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, exhibit strong inhibitive effect on hydrodesulfurization (HDS) due to competitive adsorption on catalytically active sites with sulfur-containing molecules. Therefore, it is necessary to study the HDS of refractory sulfur-containing compounds and also the effect of nitrogen-containing species on the deep HDS for achieving the ultra low sulfur specifications for transportation fuels. Additionally, the cost of H2 increased in recent years and a bitumen emulsion upgrading technique using an alternative in-situ H2 generated via the water gas shift (WGS) reaction during the hydro-treating was developed in our group.
Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion written by A. Holmen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-05-27 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings reflect the extensive fundamental and applied research efforts that are currently being made on the conversion of gas, in particular on the direct conversion of methane. The Symposium in Oslo focused on the following topics: Direct conversion of methane, Fischer-Tropsch chemistry, methanol conversion and natural gas conversion processes. The main aim was to present the state-of-the-art and progress currently being made within each of these areas. The book contains the papers presented and includes plenary lectures, short communications and posters. The papers will be of interest to scientists and engineers working in the field of gas conversion, transportation fuels, primary petrochemicals and catalysis.
Download or read book Fluidized Bed Reactors Processes and Operating Conditions written by John G. Yates and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fluidized-bed reactor is the centerpiece of industrial fluidization processes. This book focuses on the design and operation of fluidized beds in many different industrial processes, emphasizing the rationale for choosing fluidized beds for each particular process. The book starts with a brief history of fluidization from its inception in the 1940’s. The authors present both the fluid dynamics of gas-solid fluidized beds and the extensive experimental studies of operating systems and they set them in the context of operating processes that use fluid-bed reactors. Chemical engineering students and postdocs as well as practicing engineers will find great interest in this book.
Download or read book Supported Catalysts and Their Applications written by David C Sherrington and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to improve both the efficiency and environmental acceptability of industrial processes is driving the development of heterogeneous catalysts across the chemical industry, including commodity, specialty and fine chemicals and in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Drawing on international research, Supported Catalysts and their Applications discusses aspects of the design, synthesis and application of solid supported reagents and catalysts, including supported reagents for multi-step organic synthesis; selectivity in oxidation catalysis; mesoporous molecular sieve catalysts; and the use of Zeolite Beta in organic reactions. In addition, the two discrete areas of heterogeneous catalysis (inorganic oxide materials and polymer-based catalysts) that were developing in parallel are now shown to be converging, which will be of great benefit to the whole field. Providing a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in this fast-moving field, this book will be welcomed by industrialists and researchers, particularly in the agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals industries.
Download or read book Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies Second Edition written by Sunggyu Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While strides are being made in the research and development of environmentally acceptable and more sustainable alternative fuels—including efforts to reduce emissions of air pollutants associated with combustion processes from electric power generation and vehicular transportation—fossil fuel resources are limited and may soon be on the verge of depletion in the near future. Measuring the correlation between quality of life, energy consumption, and the efficient utilization of energy, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition thoroughly examines the science and technology of alternative fuels and their processing technologies. It focuses specifically on environmental, technoeconomic, and socioeconomic issues associated with the use of alternative energy sources, such as sustainability, applicable technologies, modes of utilization, and impacts on society. Written with research and development scientists and engineers in mind, the material in this handbook provides a detailed description and an assessment of available and feasible technologies, environmental health and safety issues, governmental regulations, and issues and agendas for R&D. It also includes alternative energy networks for production, distribution, and consumption. What’s New in This Edition: Contains several new chapters of emerging interest and updates various chapters throughout Includes coverage of coal gasification and liquefaction, hydrogen technology and safety, shale fuel by hydraulic fracturing, ethanol from lignocellulosics, biodiesel, algae fuels, and energy from waste products Covers statistics, current concerns, and future trends A single-volume complete reference, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition contains relevant information on chemistry, technology, and novel approaches, as well as scientific foundations for further enhancements and breakthroughs. In addition to its purposes as a handbook for practicing scientists and engineers, it can also be used as a textbook or as a reference book on fuel science and engineering, energy and environment, chemical process design, and energy and environmental policy.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Petroleum Processing written by Steven A. Treese and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Char Oil Energy Development written by L. J. Scotti and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining written by Mohamed A. Fahim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining, which are not commonly discussed in most refinery textbooks. Throughout the source, problem sets and examples are given to help the reader practice and apply the fundamental principles of refining. Chapters 1-10 can be used as core materials for teaching undergraduate courses. The first two chapters present an introduction to the petroleum refining industry and then focus on feedstocks and products. Thermophysical properties of crude oils and petroleum fractions, including processes of atmospheric and vacuum distillations, are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Conversion processes, product blending, and alkylation are covered in chapters 5-10. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and safety, acid gas treatment and removal, and methods for environmental and effluent treatments. This source can serve both professionals and students (on undergraduate and graduate levels) of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Technology. Beginners in the engineering field, specifically in the oil and gas industry, may also find this book invaluable. - Provides balanced coverage of fundamental and operational topics - Includes spreadsheets and process simulators for showing trends and simulation case studies - Relates processing to planning and management to give an integrated picture of refining
Download or read book Crude Oil Emulsions written by Manar El-Sayed Abdel-Raouf and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Strategies for the Upgrading of Natural Gas Fundamentals Challenges and Opportunities written by E.G. Derouane and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-01 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy and feedstock materials for the chemical industry are in increasing demand and, with constraints related to the availability and use of oil, the energy and chemical industry is undergoing considerable changes. In recent years, major restructuring has occurred in the oil, petrochemical, and chemical industry, with increasing attention devoted to the use of natural gas, methane in particular, as a chemical feedstock rather than just as a fuel. The conversion of remote natural gas into liquid fuels or other transportable chemicals is a challenge to industrial catalysis. Few processes exist so far with the major ones involving the conversion of natural gas to synthesis gas by steam reforming, CO2 reforming, or partial oxidation, followed by the syntheses of methanol, hydrocarbons (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis), or ammonia. In this book, a comprehensive overview of the field of processing natural gas is given, through a series of chapters written by leading scientists and engineers in the field. New developments are discussed and current work relevant to the area is shown by a series of recent works by researchers working in this and related fields.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diesel Combustion and Emissions written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogenation written by S. David Jackson and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-09-24 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive overview of modern hydrogenation methods used in organic synthesis. In clearly structured chapters, the authors cover the catalysts, scope and limitations of their application, and the techniques for hydrogenation of carbon-carbon, carbon-heteroatom and heteroatom-heteroatom multiple bonds.
Download or read book Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters written by Olcay Tunay and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most recent scientific and technological developments (state-of-the-art) in the field of chemical oxidation processes applicable for the efficient treatment of biologically-difficult-to-degrade, toxic and/or recalcitrant effluents originating from different manufacturing processes. It is a comprehensive review of process and pollution profiles as well as conventional, advanced and emerging treatment processes & technologies developed for the most relevant and pollution (wet processing)-intensive industrial sectors. It addresses chemical/photochemical oxidative treatment processes, case-specific treatability problems of major industrial sectors, emerging (novel) as well as pilot/full-scale applications, process integration, treatment system design & sizing criteria (figure-of-merits), cost evaluation and success stories in the application of chemical oxidative treatment processes. Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters is an essential reference for lecturers, researchers, industrial and environmental engineers and practitioners working in the field of environmental science and engineering. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/CHEMICALOXIDATIONAPPLICATIONSFORINDUSTRIALWASTEWATERS Authors: Professor Olcay Tünay, Professor Isik Kabdasli, Associate Professor Idil Arslan-Alaton and Assistant Professor Tugba Ölmez-Hanci, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey.
