Download or read book Nanoscale investigation of the mechanical and electrical properties of polyaniline graphene oxide Composite thin films fabricated by physical mixture method written by 龍友翰 and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Graphene Based Polymer Nanocomposites in Electronics written by Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-19 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers graphene reinforced polymers, which are useful in electronic applications, including electrically conductive thermoplastics composites, thermosets and elastomers. It systematically introduces the reader to fundamental aspects and leads over to actual applications, such as sensor fabrication, electromagnetic interference shielding, optoelectronics, superconductivity, or memory chips. The book also describes dielectric and thermal behaviour of graphene polymer composites - properties which are essential to consider for the fabrication and production of these new electronic materials. The contributions in this book critically discuss the actual questions in the development and applications of graphene polymer composites. It will thus appeal to chemists, physicists, materials scientists as well as nano technologists, who are interested in the properties of graphene polymer composites.

Download or read book Graphene Oxide in Environmental Remediation Process written by Flavio Pendolino and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-24 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the remediation process using graphene oxide as removal agent from a chemical point of view. State of the art, properties of graphene oxide and its preparation methods are reported in the introduction. Environmental issues and regulations are presented in view of applying graphene oxide dispersion to the purification of aqueous medium, especially for industrial wastewater. The remediation process, for removal organic molecules, inorganic/metallic ions, covers the last part of the book. Future prospective for graphene oxide in the environmental remediation approach is commented.

Download or read book Polymer Functionalized Graphene written by Arun Kumar Nandi and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an immense variety of research on polymer functionalized graphene (PFG). Functionalization of graphene is necessary for improvement of the compatibility with polymers. Applications of these graphene polymer hybrids include in chemical and biological sensing, photovoltaic devices, supercapacitors and batteries, dielectric materials and drug/gene delivery vehicles. This book will shed light on the synthesis, properties and applications of these new materials, covering two methods (covalent and noncovalent) for producing polymer functionalized graphene. Chapters cover physical, optical, mechanical and electronic properties, applications of polymer functionalized graphene in energy harvesting and storage, and uses in biomedicine and bioengineering. Written by an expert in the field, Polymer Functionalized Graphene will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in polymer chemistry and nanoscience.

Download or read book Microwave Enabled Dispersion of Highly Conductive Carbon Nanomaterials and Their Interfacial Assemblies written by Pui Lam Chiu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to its phenomenal mechanical characteristics and remarkable electrical properties, graphene, a perfect single-atomic thick two-dimensional lattice carbon layer, has attracted extensive attention in nanoscience and condensed matter physics. With all the similarities, it is believed that graphene can compete with or even surpass carbon nanotubes in many fields, and it is expected to replace silicon in many electronic applications and in other advanced technologies. A single layer of graphene sheet was first isolated in 2004 from highly oriented pyrolysis graphite with Scotch tape. The invention of "The Scotch-tape" method seems very simple, and it has enabled a whole new path in many graphene-based research areas. It also resulted in Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov's winning the 2010 Nobel Prize in physics. This solvent-free method however suffers from low yields, low repeatability, and being extremely labor intensive. Solution-based fabrications have shown to be able to overcome these problems. However, the next challenge in the graphene research field and applications is the tedious chemical path that is required to convert oxidized graphene using toxic chemicals, such as hydrazine. In this thesis, we first developed a novel and an unprecedentedly fast and simple approach to directly exfoliate graphite flakes with the aid of both nitronium ion and microwave irradiation with the aim of solving the main research problems in the field. To utilize the produced graphene in practical applications, our knowledge of interfacial science was exploited to controllably self-assemble these wonderful materials into desired structures. The research results combined with an introduction of the development and future aspects of these fields will be presented in the five chapters of this thesis. Chapter 1 will include a general overview of basic but important information concerning the two main carbon-based materials, carbon nanotubes and graphene. Their structures, physical properties, methods of fabrications and applications will be discussed in depth. In addition, interfacial science for self-assembly of nanomaterials will be summarized. In Chapter 2, an efficient, simple and promising way to prepare graphene sheets directly from graphite flakes with the aid of nitronium ions and microwave irradiation will be presented. Knowledge of the chemistries related to nitronium ions and microwave has enabled us to purposely omit strong oxidants, such as KMnO4, with an aim not to heavily oxidize the materials, as many methods are based on, thus reduction reactions can be completely avoided. Experimental results demonstrate that this non-destructive method resulted in concentrated stable dispersions of flat, high-quality, conductive graphene sheets in both aqueous and organic solvents. This mildly oxidized material was extensively characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM), Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In chapter 3, we extended the nitronium ions and microwave enabled dispersed approach to carbon nanotubes. Different sources of both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were tested and the results showed that all the CNTs from different sources can be quickly dispersed into aqueous solutions with remarkably high concentrations compared to those of graphene solutions even though the same parameters were applied during dispersion. We found that depending on the existence of a small amount of defects from the original CNT sources, the yield, and quality of the dispersed CNTs are varied. With a long term aim of fabricating highly transparent and conductive films to replace Indium tin oxide (ITO) in a wide variety of optoelectronic devices, in Chapter 4, a new method referred to as an interfacial self-assembly approach is developed to assemble the microwave dispersed graphene and CNTs into highly conductive films. The self-assembly behavior of graphene, CNT, and a mixture of graphene and CNT with different ratios were studied separately, and the knowledge obtained was used to fabricate graphene, CNT, and a hybrid of graphene-CNT thin films at an oil/water interface, respectively. Compared to the generally used vacuum filtration method, this new approach does not need any membrane, thus theoretically any size film can be easily fabricated. To transfer the formed films to substrates for practical applications, a simple film-transferring method was also developed. The films fabricated with different film fabrication methods will also be compared and a systematic study on how the compositions of these two materials affect the performance of the final films will be summarized. The dispersed graphene sheets are often composed with graphene sheets of different sizes, to separate them for different applications. In Chapter 5, interfacial self-assembly reactions were also applied to separate the graphene sheets based on their size-and electronic-dependent surface energies Chapter 6 will then focus on fine-tuning the surface chemistry of the graphene sheets and the oil/water ratio to efficiently emulsify the graphene sheets into core-shell capsules for drug delivery applications. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAA), a thermally sensitive polymer is introduced to form a temperature-sensitive and stable oil-in-water microemulsion with the ability to release the encapsulated materials in a graphene/PNIPAA shell above its transition temperature. Experimental observations show that the emulsion with graphene has a slightly increased transitional temperature from 34 °C to 38 °C.

Download or read book Electrode Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion written by Mesfin A. Kebede and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-17 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and materials used in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, zinc-ion batteries, supercapacitors and conversion materials for solar and fuel cells. Chapters introduce the technologies behind each material, in addition to the fundamental principles of the devices, and their wider impact and contribution to the field. This book will be an ideal reference for researchers and individuals working in industries based on energy storage and conversion technologies across physics, chemistry and engineering. FEATURES Edited by established authorities, with chapter contributions from subject-area specialists Provides a comprehensive review of the field Up to date with the latest developments and research Editors Dr. Mesfin A. Kebede obtained his PhD in Metallurgical Engineering from Inha University, South Korea. He is now a principal research scientist at Energy Centre of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa. He was previously an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science at Hawassa University, Ethiopia. His extensive research experience covers the use of electrode materials for energy storage and energy conversion. Prof. Fabian I. Ezema is a professor at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He obtained his PhD in Physics and Astronomy from University of Nigeria, Nsukka. His research focuses on several areas of materials science with an emphasis on energy applications, specifically electrode materials for energy conversion and storage.

Download or read book Conducting Polymer Hybrids written by Vijay Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive survey about conducting polymers and their hybrids with different materials. It highlights the topics pertinent to research and development in academia and in the industry. The book thus discusses the preparation and characterization of these materials, as well as materials properties and their processing. The current challenges in the field are addressed, and an outline on new and even futuristic approaches is given. “Conducting Polymer Hybrids” is concerned with a fascinating class of materials with the promise for wide-ranging applications, including energy generation and storage, supercapacitors, electronics, display technologies, sensing, environmental and biomedical applications. The book covers a large variety of systems: one-, two-, and three-dimenstional composites and hybrids, mixed at micro- and nanolevel.

Download or read book Functionalization of Graphene written by Vasilios Georgakilas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-03 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All set to become the standard reference on the topic, this book covers the most important procedures for chemical functionalization, making it an indispensable resource for all chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers entering or already working in the field. Expert authors share their knowledge on a wide range of different functional groups, including organic functional groups, hydrogen, halogen, nanoparticles and polymers.

Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymers written by Roham Rafiee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymers: From Nanoscale to Macroscale addresses the advances in nanotechnology that have led to the development of a new class of composite materials known as CNT-reinforced polymers. The low density and high aspect ratio, together with their exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, render carbon nanotubes as a good reinforcing agent for composites. In addition, these simulation and modeling techniques play a significant role in characterizing their properties and understanding their mechanical behavior, and are thus discussed and demonstrated in this comprehensive book that presents the state-of-the-art research in the field of modeling, characterization and processing. The book separates the theoretical studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and their composites into atomistic modeling and continuum mechanics-based approaches, including both analytical and numerical ones, along with multi-scale modeling techniques. Different efforts have been done in this field to address the mechanical behavior of isolated CNTs and their composites by numerous researchers, signaling that this area of study is ongoing. - Explains modeling approaches to carbon nanotubes, together with their application, strengths and limitations - Outlines the properties of different carbon nanotube-based composites, exploring how they are used in the mechanical and structural components - Analyzes the behavior of carbon nanotube-based composites in different conditions

Download or read book Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymer Composites written by Navinchandra Gopal Shimpi and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymer Composites: Processing, Properties and Applications begins by discussing the current state-of-the-art, new challenges and opportunities for various biodegradable and biocompatible polymer composite systems. Interfacial characterization of composites and the structure-property relationships in various composite systems are explained in detail via a theoretical model. Processing techniques for various macro and nanocomposite systems and the influence of processing parameters on properties of the composite are also reviewed in detail. The characterization of microstructure, elastic, visco-elastic, static and dynamic mechanical, thermal, rheological, optical, and electrical properties are highlighted, as are a broad range of applications. The book is a useful reference resource for both researchers and engineers working in composites materials science, biotechnology and nanotechnology, and is also useful for students attending chemistry, physics, and materials science and engineering courses. - Presents recent outcomes and highlights the going importance of biodegradable and biocompatible polymer composites and their impact on the environment - Analyzes all the main processing techniques, characterization and applications of biodegradable composites - Written by leading international experts working in the field of biodegradable and biocompatible polymer composites - Covers a broad range of application fields, including medical and pharmaceutical, agricultural, packaging and transport

Download or read book Manufacturing and Characterisation of Multifunctional Polymer written by Jahnavee Upadhyay and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composites with polymer matrices and nano-sized exfoliated fillers demonstrate significant enhancement in mechanical and functional properties over those of monolithic polymers at extremely low filler loadings. From the variety of nano-fillers utilised by researchers to develop commercially viable nanocomposites, carbon based nano-fillers are prominently used to render electrical conductivity in addition to mechanical strength. Amongst these, graphene oxide (GO) is electrically insulating contrary to the rest of carbon-based fillers, and hence not much investigated as a nano-filler so far. However, chemical and/or thermal reduction of GO can restore the electrical conductivity. This transitional behaviour makes GO a promising nano-filler for electronic applications. Besides, the thermal stability and mechanical strength of GO are comparable to graphene at temperate conditions. This research work is aimed at preparation of multifunctional polymer-GO nanocomposite thin films. The multi-layered films are constructed as a sandwich of plain polymer facing sheets supporting an electrospun polymer-GO nano-fibre core. The material formulation is divided into two parts, viz., development of a simple and less hazardous process for synthesizing conductive GO nano-fillers, and manufacturing of polymer-GO nano-fibre mats with electrospinning. The characterisation techniques employed to assess the structure and morphology of synthesized GO include X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy and the results confirm the effectiveness of the developed GO synthesis process. Additionally, the partial chemical reduction lead to a severe drop in electrical resistivity of GO sheets, and the observed average resistivity values are amongst the lowest reported till date. An orthogonal experimental design as per Taguchi method was devised to analyse the process parameter effects on the average resistivity value of GO sheets. Poly(methyl methacrylate) was selected as the polymer matrix for this work and plymer-GO nano-fibre mats were generated with electrospinning under controlled environmental conditions, to produce well-dispersed nano-fibres with uniform diameter. Vacuum forming was used to manufacture the sandwich films with electrospun cores. Additionally, electrically conducting, monolayer polymer-GO nanocomposite films were prepared through solution casting. The nanocomposite sandwich films demonstrate very high gas barrier with permeation values of nearly zero, measured during oxygen permeation testing. Modelling of gas barrier property is accomplished with analytical and finite element based numerical modelling tools. The observed high gas barrier is attributed to multi-layered structure, fibrous core and presence of impermeable GO fillers in the nano-fibres. Based on the experimental results, these films are found highly suitable for applications in food and beverage packaging and chemical processing plants. Analytical modelling of electromagnetic interference shielding capability of the solution cast polymer-GO films was conducted. The shielding effectiveness values predicted by the models are positive, but significantly lower than the commercial requirements. However, the theoretical cases for nanocomposite films with moderate improvement in electrical conductivity and increased film thickness yield commercially required EMI SE values, thus confirming the potential of these films as EMI shields This thesis thus reports a comprehensive work covering the synthesis of GO nano-fillers, manufacturing of sandwich thin films with electrospun polymer-GO nano-fibre cores and the experimental characterisation of the fillers and nanocomposite specimens.

Download or read book Graphene Nanoplatelets written by Silvia González Prolongo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) have attracted considerable interest due to their exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, among others. This book provides a deep review of some aspects related to the characterization of GNPs and their applications as nanoreinforcements for different types of matrices such as polymeric- or cement-based matrices. In this book, the reader will find how these nanoparticles could be used for several industrial applications such as energy production and storage or effective barrier coatings, providing a wide overview of future progress in this topic

Download or read book Nanoscale Materials in Water Purification written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel nanoscale materials are now an essential part of meeting the current and future needs for clean water, and are at the heart of the development of novel technologies to desalinate water. The unique properties of nanomaterials and their convergence with current treatment technologies present great opportunities to revolutionize water and wastewater treatment. Nanoscale Materials for Water Purification brings together sustainable solutions using novel nanomaterials to alleviate the physical effects of water scarcity. This book covers a wide range of nanomaterials, including noble metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, bioactive nanoparticles, polysaccharidebased nanoparticles, nanocatalysts, and redox nanoparticles for water purification. Significant properties and characterization methods of nanomaterials such as surface morphology, mechanical properties, and adsorption capacities are also investigated - Explains how the unique properties of a range of nanomaterials makes them important water purification agents - Shows how the use of nanotechnology can help create cheaper, more reliable, less energy-intensive, more environmentally friendly water purification techniques - Includes case studies to show how nanotechnology has successfully been integrated into water purification system design

Download or read book Electroactivity in Polymeric Materials written by Lenore Rasmussen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electroactivity in Polymeric Materials provides an in-depth view of the theory of electroactivity and explores exactly how and why various electroactive phenomena occur. The book explains the theory behind electroactive bending (including ion-polymer-metal-composites –IPMCs), dielectric elastomers, electroactive contraction, and electroactive contraction-expansion cycles. The book also balances theory with applications – how electroactivity can be used – drawing inspiration from the manmade mechanical world and the natural world around us.

Download or read book Polymer Nanoclay Composites written by Stephan Laske and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2015-01-09 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a major lack of fundamental knowledge and understanding on the interaction between a filler and the polymer matrix. When it comes to nanoscale fillers, such as layered silicates, carbon nanotubes, graphene or cellulose nanofibers it is even more important to know accurate structure-property relationships as well as identifying the parameters influencing material behavior. The reason for the lack of knowledge on how to process nanocomposites and why there are so few applications is that several scientific fields are affected and a joint effort of those scientific communities involved is necessary – starting from the filler manufacturing or pre-processing over polymer chemistry to the polymer processing. In Polymer Nanoclay Composites, all involved scientific areas are viewed together for the first time, providing an all-embracing coverage of all stages of polymer clay nanocomposites processing from lab-scale to industrial scale – stages from the raw material over manufacturing of polymer clay nanocomposites to characterization and the final products. Readers will gain insight in the physical/chemical pre-processing of layered silicates and their incorporation into a polymer matrix using sophisticated technologies (such as advanced compounding) as well as in real-time quality control of the nanocomposite production and future prospects. The book also describes nanotoxicological and nanosafety aspects. - Covers the whole processing route with all aspects of the nanocomposites industry with particular focus on the processing of polymer clay nanocomposites - Includes quality control and nanosafety - Multidisciplinary approach from an industrial perspective

Download or read book Graphene Nanoplatelet Based Polymer Composites and Their Multiple Applications written by Zeyang Yu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) consist of a few layers of graphene with thicknesses in the nanometer range. GnP is considered a multifunctional nanomaterial since it possesses excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties and as a result of its 2D structure, it offers the possibility of improving the barrier properties of a polymer matrix by reducing the permeability of small molecules through the polymer matrix. The aromatic planar basal surface of GnP consisting of carbon in the sp2 state is inert and the carbon atoms at the GnP edges are the few sites at which functional groups can be added to GnP. When GnP is treated with strong acids, graphene oxide (GO) is formed. The carbon atoms are changed from sp2 to sp3 bonding and the basal plane surface has a large population of oxygen groups which change the surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The GO has the potential to act as a coupling agent to improve the interfacial interaction between GnP and the polymer matrix. Besides adding GnP to a polymer to form a multifunctional polymer composite, the GnP can be fabricated into thin 'paper' electrodes by vacuum filtration of a GnP suspension. This GnP thin film has in-plane electrical conductivity similar to metals and when coated with an insulating polymer layer can function as an electrode in an electrostatic actuator. This dissertation investigates the interaction of GnP with polymer matrices, modifying the surface chemistry to improve the interfacial interaction between filler and matrix, and exploring new applications for multifunctional GnP-polymer composites.The dispersion of GnP into a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) through melt blending has been investigated. The dispersion and alignment of GnP plays a key role in attaining the multifunctional properties of the composite. 25wt% GnP was incorporated into TPU through an extrusion process, wherein the dispersion and alignment of GnP was controlled by the film extrusion speed. The effect of three film extrusion speeds of 2, 3 and 5 ft/min on the dispersion and alignment of GnP were investigated. The optimum extrusion conditions gave 350% improvement in through-plane thermal conductivity; 75% reduction in oxygen permeability; and the tensile modulus and strength increased by 950% and 470% respectively.Graphene oxide (GO) was selected as a possible modifier to improve the interaction between GnP and an epoxy matrix. The rich oxygen based functional groups on the GO surface could function as reaction sites for chemical bonding directly or sites for adding other chemical groups such as diamines or epoxy. GO and GnP were sonicated together in a water phase forming a GO-GnP complex, followed by treatment with two different diamines ( (p-phenylenediamine (PPDA) and Jeffamine D2000) with different chain lengths. The functionalized GO-GnP complex was added to the GnP-epoxy composite at a 0.86wt% loading. An increase in tensile modulus of ~60% was measured as a result.The GnP was also investigated as a thin 'paper' electrode fabricated through vacuum filtration of a GnP suspension. GnP electrodes were fabricated from the compressed GnP paper and then coated on both sides with a thin epoxy layer. An electrostatic actuator was constructed from two parallel-aligned composite GnP paper electrodes fixed at the anode of the high power supply and with the cathode connected to the ground. The two composite electrodes would separate at the free end when a voltage was applied. The actuating performance was shown to be improved based on either increasing the surface area of electrode or enhancing the relative permittivity of the insulating layer between two electrodes.

Download or read book Electrical Properties of Graphite Nanoparticles in Silicone written by Samuel David Littlejohn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines a novel class of flexible electronic material with great potential for use in the construction of stretchable amplifiers and memory elements. Most remarkably the composite material produces spontaneous oscillations that increase in frequency when pressure is applied to it. In this way, the material mimics the excitatory response of pressure-sensing neurons in the human skin. The composites, formed of silicone and graphitic nanoparticles, were prepared in several allotropic forms and functionalized with naphthalene diimide molecules. A systematic study is presented of the negative differential resistance (NDR) region of the current-voltage curves, which is responsible for the material’s active properties. This study was conducted as a function of temperature, graphite filling fraction, scaling to reveal the break-up of the samples into electric field domains at the onset of the NDR region, and an electric-field induced metal-insulator transition in graphite nanoparticles. The effect of molecular functionalization on the miscibility threshold and the current-voltage curves is demonstrated. Room-temperature and low-temperature measurements were performed on these composite films under strains using a remote-controlled, custom-made step motor bench.