Download or read book Nanoimprint Lithography for Light Trapping Applications in Solar Cells written by Er-Chien Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, substrate conformal imprint lithography (SCIL) process is adopted to fabricate efficient light trapping structures for thin-film solar cells. The SCIL process can achieve economical and large area patterns with high fidelity sub-micron resolution over non-planar surfaces without involving intense curing processes. We study and compare both plasmonic particle arrays and dielectric diffraction grating arrays placed on the rear of thin-film cells for light trapping, and we enhance the effect further by integrating a detached silver (Ag) mirror that creates a Fabry-Perot resonance effect.

Download or read book Light Trapping with Plasmonic Back Contacts in Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells written by Ulrich Wilhelm Paetzold and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2013 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pore Filling and Light Trapping in Solid state Dye sensitized Solar Cells written by I-Kang Ding and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are among the promising photovoltaic technologies that could potentially replace the expensive silicon. Liquid electrolyte-based DSCs have the highest efficiency but they suffer from potential stability and encapsulation problems when manufactured at high volumes. Research groups are actively pursuing solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (ss-DSCs), which uses a solid-state hole-transport material to replace the liquid electrolyte. SS-DSCs can potentially achieve higher power conversion efficiencies than the liquid-electrolyte because the open-circuit voltage can be adjusted by the choice of different hole-transport materials. However, current ss-DSCs are limited by both pore filling and electron-hole recombination such that the optimal thickness is around 2 microns, far thinner than the thickness needed to achieve good optical absorption. This thesis presents results that address two challenges facing the field of ss-DSC research - what is limiting the thickness of the device, and what can we do to boost light absorption and power conversion efficiency? In the first part, we describe how pore filling of hole-transport materials inside mesoporous TiO2 films is a limiting factor to the device thickness. This is accomplished by three closely-related pore filling projects: (a) quantifying the pore filling of hole-transport materials inside mesoporous TiO2 films; (b) experimenting with new methods to improve pore filling fraction; and (c) investigating the effect of pore filling on photovoltaic performances of ss-DSCs and the underlying photophysical mechanisms. This brings new physical understanding of the importance of pore filling and how pore filling a effects the photovoltaic performances. In the second part, we describe a new device architecture to increase the absorption through the use of plasmonic back reectors, which consist of two-dimensional (2D) array of silver nanodomes. They are incorporated into the ss-DSCs by nanoimprint lithography, and they enhance absorption through excitation of plasmonic modes and increased light scattering.

Download or read book Fabrication and Replication of Periodic Nanopyramid Structures by Laser Interference Lithography and UV Nanoimprint Lithography for Solar Cells Applications written by Amalraj Peter Amalathas and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, the fabrication and replication of periodic nanopyramid structures suitable for antireflection and self-cleaning surfaces are presented. Laser interference lithography (LIL), dry etching, wet etching, and UV nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) are employed for the fabrication and replication of periodic nanopyramid structures. Inverted nanopyramid structures were fabricated on Si substrates by LIL and subsequent pattern transfer process using reactive ion etching, followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet etching. The fabricated periodic inverted nanopyramid structures were utilized as a master mold for the nanoimprint process. The upright nanopyramid structures were patterned on the OrmoStamp-coated glass substrate with high fidelity in the first nanoimprint process. In the second nanoimprint process, inverted nanopyramid structures were replicated on the OrmoStamp-coated substrate using the fabricated upright nanopyramid glass substrate as a mold. The replicated inverted nanopyramid structure on resist-coated substrate was faithfully resolved with the high accuracy compared to original Si master mold down to nanometer scale. Both upright and inverted nanopyramid structures can be utilized as surface coatings for light trapping and self-cleaning applications for different types of solar cell and glass surfaces.

Download or read book Nanoimprint Lithography An Enabling Process for Nanofabrication written by Weimin Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoimprint Lithography: An enabling process for nanofabrication presents a comprehensive description of nanotechnology that is one of the most promising low-cost, high-throughput technologies for manufacturing nanostructures, and an emerging lithography candidates for 22, 16 and 11 nm nodes. It provides the exciting, multidisciplinary field, offering a wide range of topics covering: principles, process, material and application. This book would be of specific interest for researchers and graduate students in the field of nanoscience, nanotechnology and nanofabrication, material, physical, chemical, electric engineering and biology. Dr. Weimin Zhou is an associate professor at Shanghai Nanotechnology Promotion Center, China.

Download or read book Nanophotonic Light Trapping in Thin Solar Cells written by Dennis Michael Callahan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last several decades there have been significant advances in the study and understanding of light behavior in nanoscale geometries. Entire fields such as those based on photonic crystals, plasmonics and metamaterials have been developed, accelerating the growth of knowledge related to nanoscale light manipulation. Coupled with recent interest in cheap, reliable renewable energy, a new field has blossomed, that of nanophotonic solar cells. In this thesis, we examine important properties of thin-film solar cells from a nanophotonics perspective. We identify key differences between nanophotonic devices and traditional, thick solar cells. We propose a new way of understanding and describing limits to light trapping and show that certain nanophotonic solar cell designs can have light trapping limits above the so called ray-optic or ergodic limit. We propose that a necessary requisite to exceed the traditional light trapping limit is that the active region of the solar cell must possess a local density of optical states (LDOS) higher than that of the corresponding, bulk material. Additionally, we show that in addition to having an increased density of states, the absorber must have an appropriate incoupling mechanism to transfer light from free space into the optical modes of the device. We outline a portfolio of new solar cell designs that have potential to exceed the traditional light trapping limit and numerically validate our predictions for select cases. We emphasize the importance of thinking about light trapping in terms of maximizing the optical modes of the device and efficiently coupling light into them from free space. To further explore these two concepts, we optimize patterns of superlattices of air holes in thin slabs of Si and show that by adding a roughened incoupling layer the total absorbed current can be increased synergistically. We suggest that the addition of a random scattering surface to a periodic patterning can increase incoupling by lifting the constraint of selective mode occupation associated with periodic systems. Lastly, through experiment and simulation, we investigate a potential high efficiency solar cell architecture that can be improved with the nanophotonic light trapping concepts described in this thesis. Optically thin GaAs solar cells are prepared by the epitaxial liftoff process by removal from their growth substrate and addition of a metallic back reflector. A process of depositing large area nano patterns on the surface of the cells is developed using nano imprint lithography and implemented on the thin GaAs cells.

Download or read book Introduction to Nano Solar Cells written by Ning Dai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-02-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the applications of nanomaterials and nanostructures in photovoltaic solar cells, elaborates how they can help achieve high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and introduces readers to the important work done in this field. It covers the basic physical properties of semiconductors and nanomaterials, as well as the formation and characteristics of the p–n junction and the heterojunction; the basic working principle and structures of nano photovoltaic cells; the important parts of nano photovoltaic cells, namely nano surface trapping and electrodes; nano solar cells based on quantum dots, quantum wires, and organic-inorganic hybrid nano photovoltaic cells; and some reported high-efficiency photovoltaic cells. It also discusses various device structures and important growth techniques for obtaining nanomaterials for solar cells. The book will serve as a useful reference or textbook for researchers, teachers, engineers, and graduate students.

Download or read book Micro Nanolithography written by Jagannathan Thirumalai and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this book is to give proficient people a comprehensive review of up-to-date global improvements in hypothetical and experimental evidences, perspectives and prospects of some newsworthy instrumentation and its numerous technological applications for a wide range of lithographic fabrication techniques. The present theme of this book is concomitant with the lithographic ways and means of deposition, optimization parameters and their wide technological applications. This book consists of six chapters comprehending with eminence of lithography, fabrication and reproduction of periodic nanopyramid structures using UV nanoimprint lithography for solar cell applications, large-area nanoimprint lithography and applications, micro-/nanopatterning on polymers, OPC under immersion lithography associated to novel luminescence applications, achromatic Talbot lithography (ATL) and the soft X-ray interference lithography. Individual chapters provide a base for a wide range of readers from different fiels, students and researchers, who may be doing research pertinent to the topics discussed in this book and find basic as well as advanced principles of designated subjects related to these phenomena explained plainly. The book contains six chapters by experts in different fields of lithographic fabrication and technology from over 15 research institutes across the globe.

Download or read book Handbook of Nanomaterials for Manufacturing Applications written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-04-12 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Nanomaterials for Manufacturing Applications covers the challenges and obstacles involved in using nanomaterials in manufacturing. In particular, the lack of information, the possibility of adverse impacts on the environment, human health, safety and sustainability and other remaining challenges. This book addresses these challenges for the use of nanomaterials in major manufacturing sectors and suggests how they may be overcome. It was written to summarize, in a one-stop, concise manner, how nanomaterials and nanotechnology are being used to enhance current manufacturing techniques and processes in order to create more sustainable products in a range of industry sectors. This book will be of great use to materials scientists and engineers who are looking to gain a greater understanding on how nanotechnology is being used to improve the products we use in our daily lives. - Demonstrates how cutting-edge developments in nanomaterials are being used to make more efficient manufacturing processes in a range of industry sectors - Explores how using nanomaterials can help engineers create innovative consumer products - Discusses the legal, economic and toxicity issues arising from using nanomaterials in manufacturing processes

Download or read book McEvoy s Handbook of Photovoltaics written by Soteris Kalogirou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-24 with total page 1341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics, Third Edition, is a 'benchmark' publication for those involved in the design, manufacture and use of these devices. This fully revised handbook includes brand new sections on smart grids, net metering and the modeling of photovoltaic systems, as well as fully revised content on developments in photovoltaic applications, the economics of PV manufacturing and updated chapters on solar cell function, raw materials, photovoltaic standards, calibration and testing, all with new examples and case studies. The editor has assembled internationally-respected contributors from industry and academia around the world to make this a truly global reference. It is essential reading for electrical engineers, designers of systems, installers, architects, policymakers and physicists working with photovoltaics. - Presents a cast of international experts from industry and academia to ensure the highest quality information from multiple stakeholder perspectives - Covers all things photovoltaics, from the principles of solar cell function and their raw materials, to the installation and design of full photovoltaic systems - Includes case studies, practical examples, and reports on the latest advances and worldwide applications

Download or read book Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 14170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Nanotechnology. The editors have built Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Nanotechnology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Nanotechnology for Photovoltaics written by Loucas Tsakalakos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current concerns regarding greenhouse gas-related environmental effects, energy security, and the rising costs of fossil fuel-based energy has renewed interest in solar energy in general and photovotaics in particular. Exploring state-of-the-art developments from a practical point of view, Nanotechnology for Photovoltaics examines issues in increas

Download or read book Photon Management in Solar Cells written by Ralf B. Wehrspohn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by renowned experts in the field of photon management in solar cells, this one-stop reference gives an introduction to the physics of light management in solar cells, and discusses the different concepts and methods of applying photon management. The authors cover the physics, principles, concepts, technologies, and methods used, explaining how to increase the efficiency of solar cells by splitting or modifying the solar spectrum before they absorb the sunlight. In so doing, they present novel concepts and materials allowing for the cheaper, more flexible manufacture of solar cells and systems. For educational purposes, the authors have split the reasons for photon management into spatial and spectral light management. Bridging the gap between the photonics and the photovoltaics communities, this is an invaluable reference for materials scientists, physicists in industry, experimental physicists, lecturers in physics, Ph.D. students in physics and material sciences, engineers in power technology, applied and surface physicists.

Download or read book Pore Filling and Light Trapping in Solid state Dye sensitized Solar Cells written by I-Kang Ding and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are among the promising photovoltaic technologies that could potentially replace the expensive silicon. Liquid electrolyte-based DSCs have the highest efficiency but they suffer from potential stability and encapsulation problems when manufactured at high volumes. Research groups are actively pursuing solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (ss-DSCs), which uses a solid-state hole-transport material to replace the liquid electrolyte. SS-DSCs can potentially achieve higher power conversion efficiencies than the liquid-electrolyte because the open-circuit voltage can be adjusted by the choice of different hole-transport materials. However, current ss-DSCs are limited by both pore filling and electron-hole recombination such that the optimal thickness is around 2 microns, far thinner than the thickness needed to achieve good optical absorption. This thesis presents results that address two challenges facing the field of ss-DSC research - what is limiting the thickness of the device, and what can we do to boost light absorption and power conversion efficiency? In the first part, we describe how pore filling of hole-transport materials inside mesoporous TiO2 films is a limiting factor to the device thickness. This is accomplished by three closely-related pore filling projects: (a) quantifying the pore filling of hole-transport materials inside mesoporous TiO2 films; (b) experimenting with new methods to improve pore filling fraction; and (c) investigating the effect of pore filling on photovoltaic performances of ss-DSCs and the underlying photophysical mechanisms. This brings new physical understanding of the importance of pore filling and how pore filling a effects the photovoltaic performances. In the second part, we describe a new device architecture to increase the absorption through the use of plasmonic back reectors, which consist of two-dimensional (2D) array of silver nanodomes. They are incorporated into the ss-DSCs by nanoimprint lithography, and they enhance absorption through excitation of plasmonic modes and increased light scattering.

Download or read book High Efficiency Solar Cells written by Xiaodong Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the effort to increase the contribution of solar cells (photovoltaics) to our energy mix, this book addresses three main areas: making existing technology cheaper, promoting advanced technologies based on new architectural designs, and developing new materials to serve as light absorbers. Leading scientists throughout the world create a fundamental platform for knowledge sharing that combines the physics, materials, and device architectures of high-efficiency solar cells. While providing a comprehensive introduction to the field, the book highlights directions for further research, and is intended to stimulate readers’ interest in the development of novel materials and technologies for solar energy applications.

Download or read book Emerging Solar Energy Materials written by Sadia Ameen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the fundamental understanding of the functioning of solar cellsand the materials for the effective utilization of energy resources. The main objective of writing this book is to create a comprehensive and easy-to-understand source of information on the advances in the rapidly growing research on solar cells. Emerging Solar Energy Materials comprises 12 chapters written by the experts in the solar cell field and is organized with the intention to provide a big picture of the latest progress in the solar cell field and at the same time give an in-depth discussion on fundamentals of solar cells for interested audiences. In this book, each part opens with a new author's essay highlighting their work for contribution toward solar energy. Critical, cutting-edge subjects are addressed, including: Photovoltaic device technology and energy applications; Functional solar energy materials; New concept in solar energy; Perovskite solar cells; Dye-sensitized solar cells; Organic solar cells; Thin-film solar cells. The book is written for a large and broad readership including researchers and university graduate students from diverse backgrounds such as chemistry, physics, materials science, and photovoltaic device technology. The book includes enough information on the basics to be used as a textbook undergraduate coursework in engineering and the sciences.

Download or read book Smart and Flexible Energy Devices written by Ram K. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-03-23 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scientific community and industry have seen tremendous progress in efficient energy production and storage in the last few years. With the advancement in technology, new devices require high-performance, stretchable, bendable, and twistable energy sources, which can be integrated into next-generation wearable, compact, and portable electronics for medical, military, and civilian applications. Smart and Flexible Energy Devices examines the materials, basic working principles, and state-of-the-art progress of flexible devices like fuel cells, solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. Covering the synthesis approaches for advanced energy materials in flexible devices and fabrications and fundamental design concepts of flexible energy devices, such as fuel cells, solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors, top author teams explore how newer materials with advanced properties are used to fabricate the energy devices to meet the future demand for flexible electronics. Additional features include: • Addressing the materials, technologies, and challenges of various flexible energy devices under one cover • Emphasizing the future demand and challenges of the field • Considering all flexible energy types, such as fuel cells, solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors • Suitability for undergraduate and postgraduate students of material science and energy programs This is a valuable resource for academics and industry professionals working in the field of energy materials, nanotechnology, and energy devices.