Download or read book Mycosphaerella Species Causing Leaf Blotch on Eucalyptus Species in South Africa written by Gavin Craig Hunter and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies presented in this thesis, highlight the complexity and importance of Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD) on Eucalyptus spp., especially in South Africa. In Chapter I, a review of the literature dealing with Mycosphaerella and MLD of Eucalyptus spp. is presented. It is clear from this review that the disease is prevalent in most countries where Eucalyptus spp. are commercially grown, including Australia where they are native. The number of Mycosphaerella species known from Eucalyptus spp. is increasing and this suggests that their economic effect on commercial Eucalyptus forestry, will probably Increase. It will thus become important to effectively identifY species responsible for MLD. To do this, the existing complex taxonomy of this group of fungi, will undoubtedly prove to be an obstacle. However, DNA based identification methods are proving useful in identifying species and delimiting lineages within Mycosphaerella. Future commercial propagation of Eucalyptus spp. will need to seriously consider the use of hybrids resistant to infection by Mycosphaerella spp. Furthermore, there will be a serious need for effective quarantine measures to prevent the introduction of new, perhaps more pathogenic, Mycosphaerella spp. into areas where they do not already occur. Three species of Mycosphaerella, M. molleriana, M.M. nubilosa and M. juvenis have traditionally been regarded as the most important Mycosphaerella spp. in South Africa. At various times, each species has been considered to be the only pathogen causing MLD in the country. Results from Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 have shown that M. nubilosa is the main pathogen responsible for MLD, especially, on E. nitens in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. This is interesting as M. molleriana, which was originally thought to be the only species in South Africa, was not isolated. Moreover, the susceptibility of E. nitens to M. nubilosa appears to be high, resulting in severe defoliation. Considering that E. nitens is a popular species grown at higher altitudes of South Africa, the recognition of M. nubilosa is important. This fungus is well recognized in Australia as an important pathogen and comparisons of data from that country will be useful in the future. Several Mycosphaerella spp. have, in the past been found to occur within single stands of commercial Eucalyptus spp. As part of the research presented in Chapter 3, surveys conducted in South Africa showed that there are seven species of Mycosphaerella occurring in plantations. These include: M. ellipsoidea, M. irregulariramosa, M. juvenis, M. lateralis, M. marksii, M. nubilosa and one newly described species M. fori. All of these species, apart from M. fori, were previously known to occur in South Africa. It is interesting that M. juvenis, previously thought to be one of the main species causing MLD, was found only to occur in a low numbers. This suggests that species causing epidemics may change over time. The identification of M. fori from a previously well surveyed area was unexpected. This new species was dominant in Tzaneen and future surveys will be conducted to determine its distribution and host range within South Afiica. The identification of a new species also highlights the need for additional surveys in South Africa to identify new species and to recognize possible new introductions of exotic Mycosphaerella spp. The presence of M. ellipsoidea, M. irregulariramosa, M. lateralis and M. marksii in this survey was not unusual, as they were previously known in South Africa. However, they were found only to occur at low levels and, as such, do not seem to contribute significantly to outbreaks of MLD. Various taxonomic and DNA-based methods have been used for the identification of Mycosphaerella spp. However, some taxonomic characters are of little value at the species level. In Chapter 4, RFLP's were considered as an option to differentiate between species of Mycosphaerella on Eucalyptus. Results of this study showed that the restriction enzyme HaeIII may be used for RFLP identification of Mycosphaerella spp. From a total of twenty-one Mycosphaerella spp. tested, RFLP digestion with HaeIII could resolve six of these species to species level. However, other species formed groups that had similar restriction profiles. They could be further separated based on ascospore germination patterns. This study forms a foundation for future studies in which other enzymes may be used together with HaeIIi to elucidate groups of species. It is suggested though, that this technique be combined with existing methods such as ascospore germination patterns and anamorph associations to identify species of Mycosphaerella occurring on Eucalyptus spp. with confidence. This should negate the use of expensive sequencing techniques, which are currently necessary. In virtually every country where Eucalyptus is grown commercially, MLD is prevalent. However, the specific Mycosphaerella spp. in countries are generally not the same. In Chapter 5, I used DNA sequence data from the ITS region of the rDNA operon as well as morphological data to identify M. heimii from Brazil and Hawaii, U.S.A. This represents the first report of the species from these countries. M heimii was previously thought to occur only in Madagascar and Indonesia, where it is recognized as a primary pathogen of several Eucalyptus spp, including E. urophylla. This is one of the main Eucalyptusspp. in Brazil. It has thus been suggested that this species may have been introduced into these countries via infected seed lots. This highlights the need for effective quarantine measures within these and other South American countries to inhibit the further spread of this pathogen through South America. Copyright.
Download or read book Diseases and Pathogens of Eucalypts written by P. J. Keane and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2000 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of our current knowledge of the health and diseases of eucalypts.
Download or read book Diseases and Pathogens of Eucalypts written by PJ Keane and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2000-10-25 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last fifty years, there has been an increasing recognition that eucalypts are vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. They have suffered destructive epidemics, particularly of dieback caused by the cinnamon fungus in native forests, of foliar diseases and cankers in plantations, and of dieback of remnant trees on agricultural and grazing land. This has stimulated intensive research into the causes and management of diseases of the eucalypts. This work represents a comprehensive review of our current knowledge of the health and diseases of eucalypts.
Download or read book Eucalyptus Spp written by William M. Ciesla and published by Bioversity International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of the Species of Mycosphaerella on Eucalypts in Australia and the Impact of Mycosphaerella Leaf Diseases on Eucalyptus Globulus Labill written by Angus J. Carnegie and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of the Species of Mycosphaerella on Eucalypts in Australia and the Impact of Mycosphaerella Leaf Disease on Eucalyptus Globulus Labill written by Angus J. Carnegie and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mycosphaerella Spp and Their Anamorphs Associated with Leaf Spot Diseases of Eucalyptus written by Pedro W. Crous and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1998 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph covers 57 species of Mycosphaerella, including six new species. A discussion of disease assessment, provenance selection and general epidemiology is combined with an evaluation of the value of taxonomic features such as symptomatology, teleomorph and anamorph characters.Features of the book include symptom photographs and illustrations of Mycosphaerella spp. and their anamorphs that help with disease identification, and standardized methods that aid in studying species of Mycosphaerella spp.This comprehensive monograph will be an asset to mycologists, plant pathologists, forest pathologists, foresters, and extension agents in the field or laboratory, as a source of complete up-to-date research on Mycosphaerella spp. and their anamorphs.
Download or read book Eucalyptus Plantations Research Management And Development Proceedings Of The International Symposium written by Runpeng Wei and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-09-04 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contains papers presented at a meeting by eucalyptus experts, scholars, consultants and company managers from different countries and regions. The authors report: (1) the most recent advances in eucalyptus research from different perspectives — genetics, breeding, cultivation techniques, soil nutrition, plantation management, wood utilization, etc.; (2) the world-wide extension and development of the cultivated eucalyptus as a strategic forest tree with great economic, environmental and social significance; (3) plantation management merging ecological, environmental and legal concerns in operations practised by the private sector; (4) new approaches to utilization of eucalyptus woods. This book also represents a successful combination of academic research and practical operation in managing commercial eucalyptus plantations.
Download or read book Cultivation and diseases of Proteaceae Leucadendron Leucospermum and Protea written by Pedro Willem Crous and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of the Annual Meeting of the South African Association for the Advancement of Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mycosphaerella Leaf Spot Diseases of Bananas written by L. Jacome and published by Bioversity International. This book was released on 2003 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present proceedings offers an overview of the current situation regarding Mycosphaerella leaf spot diseases at the global level.
Download or read book Studies on the Etiology of the Leaf Blotch Disease of Eucalyptus Spp Caused by Mycosphaerella Nubilosa Cke Hansf written by Alhagananthan Ganapathi and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A manual of diseases of eucalyptus in South East Asia written by Kenneth M. Old and published by CIFOR. This book was released on with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insects and Diseases of Mediterranean Forest Systems written by Timothy D. Paine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect and disease issues are often specific to the Mediterranean forest systems rather than shared with the temperate forests. In addition to the specific native insects and diseases, the forests are subject to the invasion of exotic species. The forests are also at risk from high degrees of human activity, including changing patterns of forest fires, land management activities, intensive plantation forestry using introduced timber species from other Mediterranean climate zones, and atmospheric deposition. Combined with elements of global climate change that may disproportionately affect Mediterranean climate systems, this creates a number of significant management issues that are unique to the Mediterranean forests. It is our goal that the information contained in this volume will contribute to understanding the unique aspects of Mediterranean forest systems and to protecting these critical resources.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences written by Julian Evans and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2004-04-02 with total page 5752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A combination of broad disciplinary coverage and scientific excellence, the Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences will be an indispensable addition to the library of anyone interested in forests, forestry and forest sciences. Packed with valuable insights from experts all over the world, this remarkable set not only summarizes recent advances in forest science techniques, but also thoroughly covers the basic information vital to comprehensive understanding of the important elements of forestry. The Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences also covers relevant biology and ecology, different types of forestry (e.g. tropical forestry and dryland forestry), scientific names of trees and shrubs, and the applied, economic, and social aspects of forest management. Valuable key features further enhance the utility of this Encyclopedia as an exceptional reference tool. Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. Edited and written by a distinguished group of editors and contributors Well-organized encyclopedic format provides concise, readable entries, easy searches, and thorough cross-references Illustrative tables, figures, and photographs in every entry, produced in full color Comprehensive glossary defines new and important terms Complete, up-to-date coverage of over 60 areas of forest sciences - sure to be of interest to scientists, students, and professionals alike! Editor-in-Chief is the past president of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, the oldest international collaborative forestry research organization with over 15,000 scientists from 100 countries
Download or read book The Taxonomy Pathology and Epidemiology of Mycosphaerella Species Associated with Leaf Diseases of Eucalyptus in Australia written by Robert Fraser Park and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Monograph of the Fungus Genus Cercospora written by Charles Chupp and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
