Download or read book Municipal Solid Waste MSW to Liquid Fuels Synthesis Volume 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass is a renewable energy resource that can be converted into liquid fuel suitable for transportation applications and thus help meet the Energy Independence and Security Act renewable energy goals (U.S. Congress 2007). However, biomass is not always available in sufficient quantity at a price compatible with fuels production. Municipal solid waste (MSW) on the other hand is readily available in large quantities in some communities and is considered a partially renewable feedstock. Furthermore, MSW may be available for little or no cost. This report provides a techno-economic analysis of the production of mixed alcohols from MSW and compares it to the costs for a wood based plant. In this analysis, MSW is processed into refuse derived fuel (RDF) and then gasified in a plant co-located with a landfill. The resulting syngas is then catalytically converted to mixed alcohols. At a scale of 2000 metric tons per day of RDF, and using current technology, the minimum ethanol selling price at a 10% rate of return is approximately $1.85/gallon ethanol (early 2008 $). However, favorable economics are dependent upon the toxicity characteristics of the waste streams and that a market exists for the by-product scrap metal recovered from the RDF process.

Download or read book Municipal Solid Waste MSW to Liquid Fuels Synthesis Volume 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report investigated the potential of using municipal solid waste (MSW) to make synthesis gas (syngas) suitable for production of liquid fuels. Issues examined include: MSW physical and chemical properties affecting its suitability as a gasifier feedstock and for liquid fuels synthesis expected process scale required for favorable economics the availability of MSW in quantities sufficient to meet process scale requirements the state-of-the-art of MSW gasification technology.

Download or read book Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals written by Anish Khan and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-26 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Volume 2: Chemical Processes is the second of two volumes by the editors (the first volume is Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Biological Processes). This volume presents advanced techniques and combined techniques used to convert energy to waste, including combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion and fermentation. The title focuses on solid waste conversion to fuel and energy, presenting advances in the design, manufacture and application of conversion technologies. Contributors from physics, chemistry, metallurgy, engineering and manufacturing present a truly trans-disciplinary picture of waste to energy conversion. Huge volumes of solid waste are produced globally while, at the same time, huge amounts of energy are produced from fossil fuels. Waste to energy (WTE) technologies are developing rapidly, holding out the potential to make clean, sustainable power from waste material. These WTE procedures incorporate various methods and blended approaches, and present an enormous opportunity for clean, sustainable energy. - Presents the latest advances in waste to energy techniques for converting solid waste to valuable fuel and energy - Brings together contributors from physics, chemistry, metallurgy, engineering and the manufacturing industry - Includes advanced techniques such as combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion and fermentation - Goes far beyond municipal waste, including the recouping of valuable energy from a variety of industrial waste materials

Download or read book Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Conversion Processes written by Gary C. Young and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-11-29 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TO ENERGY CONVERSION PROCESSES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC REVIEW OF EMERGING WASTE DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGIES Intended for a wide audience ranging from engineers and academics to decision-makers in both the public and private sectors, Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Conversion Processes: Economic, Technical, and Renewable Comparisons reviews the current state of the solid waste disposal industry. It details how the proven plasma gasification technology can be used to manage Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and to generate energy and revenues for local communities in an environmentally safe manner with essentially no wastes. Beginning with an introduction to pyrolysis/gasification and combustion technologies, the book provides many case studies on various waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies and creates an economic and technical baseline from which all current and emerging WTE technologies could be compared and evaluated. Topics include: Pyrolysis/gasification technology, the most suitable and economically viable approach for the management of wastes Combustion technology Other renewable energy resources including wind and hydroelectric energy Plasma economics Cash flows as a revenue source for waste solids-to-energy management Plant operations, with an independent case study of Eco-Valley plant in Utashinai, Japan Extensive case studies of garbage to liquid fuels, wastes to electricity, and wastes to power ethanol plants illustrate how currently generated MSW and past wastes in landfills can be processed with proven plasma gasification technology to eliminate air and water pollution from landfills.

Download or read book Modeling Municipal Solid Waste Gasification written by Scott Ryan Horton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a valuable energy resource that is underutilized by today’s society. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) is a low-hanging fruit in a multifaceted energy landscape that incorporates conventional fuels and a plethora of renewable alternatives. From an environmental standpoint, WTE reduces the storage of MSW in landfills which can contaminate groundwater and release methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The most attractive WTE technology is gasification, a process where nonstoichiometric amounts of oxygen or air are fed to a high temperature reactor. The output from gasification is syngas, a ubiquitous product that can be used for a range of purposes, including liquid fuel synthesis and conversion to electricity via combustion. Plasma-arc gasification is an extension of conventional gasification that utilizes a plasma torch to obtain extreme reactor temperatures. The solid byproduct from plasma gasification is an inert vitrified slag, which is usable as a construction material. Plasma-arc gasification successfully utilizes the entire MSW feedstock, thereby removing the need for landfills. However plasma-arc gasification is a relatively new WTE technology, and there is a need to better understand the underlying chemistry in order to optimize process parameters. Molecular-level kinetic modeling has proven valuable in gaining insight on process chemistries ranging from naphtha reforming to biomass pyrolysis. To this end, this dissertation focuses on the development and application of a molecular-level kinetic model for MSW gasification. For model development, the MSW stream was divided into plastics and biomass. Kinetic models were constructed separately for the gasification of each of these streams, using literature data. These models were then combined to construct the MSW gasification model. This model was used to simulate a 1000 metric ton per day plasma-arc gasifier that was divided into three zones for MSW: combustion, gasification, and freeboard. The reactor model was utilized to study the effects of process parameters on syngas quality and tar formation. Increasing the relative oxygen flow to the bed was found to reduce tar formation at the cost of syngas quality. Variations in MSW composition affected the oxygen content in tar molecules but had little impact on syngas quality. Lastly, the localized extreme temperatures in the combustion zone had a potentially negative impact on both syngas quality and tar production due to the oxidation of CO. While studying MSW gasification, modeling approaches were developed for the depolymerization of both linear and cross-linked polymers that could be applied to other complex feedstocks and processes. In particular, this dissertation focuses on heavy oil resid pyrolysis. Resid pyrolysis is an attractive field for modeling due to recent advances in experimental techniques. This study highlighted the ability of molecular-level kinetic models to predict >50,000 molecules from detailed mass spectrometry measurements. Orthogonal to kinetic model development, this thesis focused on the construction of software tools. Software tool development highlighted the interface between molecular-level kinetic models and users. There are three types of users of kinetic models: model developers, research collaborators, and process engineers. Each user has their own goals while using the model. For instance, software tools for model developers or research collaborators might focus on organizing the incredible amount of information contained in a molecular-level kinetic model. To address this aim, one tool focused on the visualization of the reaction network to understand the network structure. In contrast, software tools designed for process engineers target measured inputs and outputs while abstracting the underlying molecular detail. This allows a process engineer, regardless of training in detailed kinetics, to reap the benefits of a molecular model and study the effects of operation parameters such as temperature or feed variation. These examples showcase the ability of software tools to increase the accessibility of detailed kinetics by molding the user-model interface to correspond to the user’s needs. This dissertation focused on gasification of waste, and culminated in a reactor model for the most environmentally friendly of WTE option: plasma-arc gasification. This work was then taken one step further by developing the software necessary to increase the accessibility of the model to a wider audience, ranging from process engineers to model developers. This accessibility makes the model not only fundamental, but also practical for industrial partners. Gasification and other WTE technologies have been, and will continue to be, a future topic of research. Undoubtedly, detailed kinetic models will play a central role in the future conversion of waste to energy.

Download or read book Gasification of Waste Materials written by Simona Ciuta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gasification of Waste Materials: Technologies for Generating Energy, Gas and Chemicals from MSW, Biomass, Non-recycled Plastics, Sludges and Wet Solid Wastes explores the most recent gasification technologies developing worldwide to convert waste solids to energy and synthesis gas and chemical products. The authors examine the thermodynamic aspects, accepted reaction mechanisms and kinetic constraints of using municipal solid waste (MSW), biomass, non-recycled plastics (NRP), sludges and wet solid wastes as feedstock. They identify the distinctions between pyrolysis, gasification, plasma, hydrothermal gasification, and supercritical systems. A comprehensive summary of laboratory and demonstration activities is presented, as well as field scale systems that have been in operation using solid waste streams as input, highlighting their areas of disconnect and alignment. The book also provides a summary of information on emissions from the stack, comparing them with other thermal conversion systems using similar feedstock. It then goes on to assess the areas that must be improved to ensure gasification systems become as successful as combustion systems operating on waste streams, ranging from feedstock processing to gasifier output gas clean-up, downstream system requirements and corrosion. The economics and future projections for waste gasification systems are also discussed. For its consolidation of the current technical knowledge, this text is recommended for engineering researchers, graduate students, industry professionals, municipal engineers and decision makers when planning, designing and deploying waste to energy projects, especially those using MSW as feedstock. - Provides field demonstrations of large scale systems, their results and the challenges that need to be overcome when developing commercial applications and possible solutions - Presents the most recent technologies in lab and demonstration scale - Examines the critical development needs and real life challenges for the deployment of waste to energy technologies - Provides information on the economics and sustainability of these technologies, as well as their future perspectives

Download or read book Energy Conversion written by Ibrahim H. Al-Bahadly and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-01-16 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy conversion technology has always been a main focus for researchers in order to meet the increasing demand as well as securing a clean, consistent and reliable energy supply. The constantly rising fuel price is another good reason to develop alternative systems such as wind turbines, hydropower, photovoltaic systems and other renewable energy solutions. This book contains a collection of selected research works in the areas of electric energy generation, renewable energy sources, hybrid system, electromechanical energy conversion, electric machines, power electronic converters and inverters, energy storage, smart grid and traditional energy conversion systems. The book intends to provide academic and industry professionals working in the field of energy conversion and related applications with an update in energy conversion technology, particularly from the applied perspective.

Download or read book 34th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering 15th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering written by Flavio Manenti and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-27 with total page 3634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 34th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering / 15th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, contains the papers presented at the 34th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering / 15th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering joint event. It is a valuable resource for chemical engineers, chemical process engineers, researchers in industry and academia, students, and consultants for chemical industries. - Presents findings and discussions from the 34th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering / 15th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering joint event

Download or read book Waste to Energy written by Avraam Karagiannidis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste management is currently a major issue worldwide with numerous areas reaching critical levels. Many developing countries and countries in transition still miss basic waste management infrastructure and awareness. It is here that many of the solid waste management problems and challenges are currently being faced. As such, waste-to-energy (WTE) consists of a proven and continuously developing spectrum and range of technologies in a number of (mostly) developed countries. However, it’s integration in developing countries and systems in transition is often faced with scepticism and a complex set of barriers which are quite unique and differ greatly from those where WTE has been validated and applied over the years. Waste-to-Energy: Opportunities and Challenges for Developing and Transition Economies will address this issue both theoretically and using concrete examples, including: · contributions from numerous scholars and practitioners in the field, · useful lessons and rules of thumb, · both successful and failed cases, and · real-life examples and developments. Waste-to-Energy approaches this dynamic aspect of environmental engineering and management in a methodical and detailed manner making it an important resource for SWM planners and facility operators as well as undergraduate and post graduate students and researchers.

Download or read book Sustainable Alternative Syngas Fuel written by Chaouki Ghenai and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and use of sustainable and alternative fuels (syngas, biogas, biodiesel, bio-oil, hydrogen) derived from sources other than petroleum is needed due to the limited fossil fuel resources, the need for reduction of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, energy security, and to meet the future high energy demand due to population growth. New alternative fuels that can be produced locally and derived from renewable sources will be more sustainable compared to fossil fuels. Alternative and renewable fuels can be produced using different thermochemical and bio-chemical processes. Gasification is a thermochemical process used to produce syngas fuel (mainly hydrogen and carbon dioxide) from renewable (biomass) and conventional (coal) sources. The syngas fuels produced from the gasification process can be used for different applications: power generation (combustion of syngas fuel in gas turbine engines), heating, and transportation (internal combustion engines). This book intends to provide the reader with an overview of the current technologies, methods, and strategies of syngas fuel production, characterization, and application.

Download or read book Data Summary of Municipal Solid Waste Management Alternatives Volume 6 Appendix D Pyrolysis and Gasification of MSW written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Appendix summarizes information available in the open literature describing the technology and operating experierice of pyrolysis technology as applied to the management of municipal solid waste (MSW). The literature search, which emphasized the time frame of greatest activity in MSW pyrolysis (i.e., the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s), focused on the scale of application, material feedstock, technical limitations and economic considerations. Smaller scale facilities, either laboratory/research scale ( 150 TPD) studies which could be expected to provide economic, environmental, and energy data that can be scaled with possibly less risk. While the promise of pyrolysis of MSW lies in its ability to transform municipal waste into gaseous and liquid chemicals and fuel products, the major limitation is the unproven technical and economic feasibility of a large scale facility.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Safe Disposal Methods of Municipal Solid Wastes for a Sustainable Environment written by Srivastava, Prateek and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2023-07-14 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing solid waste is one of the biggest challenges in urban areas around the world. Technologically advanced economies generate vast amounts of organic waste materials, many of which are disposed of in landfills. In the future, efficient use of carbon-containing waste and all other waste materials must be increased to reduce the need for virgin raw materials acquisition, including biomass, and reduce carbon emissions to the atmosphere, mitigating climate change. Moreover, expeditious development in information and communications technology (ICT) has made the machines more powerful and efficient, but at the same time, there is a simultaneous decrease in product life leading to an extensive rise in the annual production of e-waste, or electronic waste. Considering the health hazards and environmental implications of e-waste, it has become a global problem that needs serious attention. The Handbook of Research on Safe Disposal Methods of Municipal Solid Wastes for a Sustainable Environment covers waste management principles and strategies in different fields and corresponding applications. The book also focuses on the waste management strategies for a sustainable environment that have emerged. Covering key topics such as waste, energy, and recycling, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for environmentalists, government officials, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

Download or read book Gasification for Low grade Feedstock written by Yongseung Yun and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most coveted energy forms nowadays are gas in nature and electricity due to their environmental cleanness and convenience. Recently, gasification market trend is starting to switch to low-grade feedstock such as biomass, wastes, and low-rank coal that are still not properly utilized. In this sense, the most promising area of development in gasification field lies in low-grade feedstock that should be converted to more user-friendly gas or electricity form in utilization. This book tried to shed light on the works on gasification from many parts of the world and thus can feel the technology status and the areas of interest regarding gasification for low-grade feedstock.

Download or read book Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste by Thermal Conversion Technologies written by P. Jayarama Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-03-30 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of municipal solid waste recycling, and how it can be used to generate clean power, transport fuels that can substitute fossil fuels, and value-based chemicals with minimal environmental impact. It also explains how hazardous wastes and sewage sludge can be treated and disposed of without affecting human and environmental health. A full discussion of established thermal conversion technologies that generate heat, electricity, liquid fuels and useful chemicals from solid waste and supporting case studies describing global waste-to-energy plants in operation make this work highly suited to an introductory course on waste thermal conversion processes.

Download or read book Waste to Energy Conversion Technology written by Naomi B Klinghoffer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing global consumerism and population has led to an increase in the levels of waste produced. Waste to energy (WTE) conversion technologies can be employed to convert residual wastes into clean energy, rather than sending these wastes directly to landfill. Waste to energy conversion technology explores the systems, technology and impacts of waste to energy conversion.Part one provides an introduction to WTE conversion and reviews the waste hierarchy and WTE systems options along with the corresponding environmental, regulatory and techno-economic issues facing this technology. Part two goes on to explore further specific aspects of WTE systems, engineering and technology and includes chapters on municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion plants and WTE systems for district heating. Finally, part three highlights pollution control systems for waste to energy technologies.Waste to energy conversion technology is a standard reference book for plant managers, building engineers and consultants requiring an understanding of WTE technologies, and researchers, scientists and academics interested in the field. - Reviews the waste hierarchy and waste to energy systems options along with the environmental and social impact of WTE conversion plants - Explores the engineering and technology behind WTE systems including considerations of municipal solid waste (MSW) its treatment, combustion and gasification - Considers pollution control systems for WTE technologies including the transformation of wast combustion facilities from major polluters to pollution sinks

Download or read book Resource Recovery From Municipal Solid Wastes written by Diaz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text includes two volumes discussing resource recovery form municipal solid wastes. Volume 2 discusses in more detail the final processing including; incineration, preparation and use of refuse-derived fuel, biological resource recoveyr, biogas production, hydrolysis and single cell protein and ethanol production, composting, environmental aspects, and landfill.

Download or read book Handbook of Solid Waste Management written by Chinnappan Baskar and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: