Download or read book Reactive Sputter Deposition written by Diederik Depla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-24 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this valuable work, all aspects of the reactive magnetron sputtering process, from the discharge up to the resulting thin film growth, are described in detail, allowing the reader to understand the complete process. Hence, this book gives necessary information for those who want to start with reactive magnetron sputtering, understand and investigate the technique, control their sputtering process and tune their existing process, obtaining the desired thin films.

Download or read book Properties of multilayered and multicomponent nitride alloys from first principles written by Fei Wang and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-09 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a theoretical exploration of properties of multilayered and multicomponent nitride alloys, in particular their mixing thermodynamics and elastic behaviors. Systematic investigation of properties of a large class of materials, such as the multicomponent nitride solid solutions, is in line with the modern approach of high-throughput search of novel materials. In this thesis we benchmark and utilize simple but efficient methodological frameworks in predicting mixing thermodynamics, Young’s moduli distribution of multilayer alloys and the linear thermal expansion of quaternary nitride solid solutions. We demonstrate by accurate ab-initio calculations that Ti1−xAlxN solid solution is stabilized by interfacial effects if it is coherently sandwiched between TiN layers along (001). For TiN/AlN and ZrN/AlN multilayers we show higher thermodynamic stability with semicoherent interfaces than with isostructural coherent ones. Accurate 0 Kelvin elastic constants of cubic TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) solid solutions and their multilayers are derived and an analytic comparison of strengths and ductility are presented to reveal the potential of these materials in hard coating applications. The Young’s moduli variation of the bulk materials has provided a reliable descriptor to screen the Young’s moduli of coherent multilayers. The Debye model is used to reveal the high-temperature thermodynamics and spinodal decomposition of TixNbyAl1−x−yN. We show that though the effect of vibration is large on the mixing Gibbs free energy the local spinoal decomposition tendencies are not altered. A quasi-harmonic Debye model is benchmarked against results of molecular dynamics simulations in predicting the thermal expansion coefficients of TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta). Denna avhandling är en teoretisk undersökning av egenskaperna hos multilager och multikomponentlegeringar av nitrider, särskilt deras blandningstermodynamik och elastiska egenskaper. Systematiska undersökningar av egenskaperna hos en stor materialfamilj, såsom fasta lösningar av multikomponentnitrider, ligger i linje med den moderna angreppsvinkeln av massundersökningar i sökandet efter nya material. I denna avhandling utvärderar och använder vi enkla men effektiva metodologiska ramverk för att förutsäga blandningstermodynamik, fördelning av Young’s moduli multilager och den linjära termiska expansionen i kvaternära fasta lösningar av nitrider. Vi visar med precisa ab-initio-beräkningar att en fast lösning av Ti1−xAlxN stabiliseras av gränssnittseffekter om den placeras koherent mellan TiN-skikt längs med (001). För multilager av TiN/AlN och ZrN/AlN påvisar vi högre termodynamisk stabilitet med semikoherenta gränsskikt än med isostrukturella koherenta. Precisa elastiska konstanter vid 0 K för kubiska fasta lösningar av TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) och deras multilager beräknas och en analytisk jämförelse av deras hållfasthet och duktilitet presenteras för att visa dessa materials potential som hårda beläggningar. Variationen av Young’s moduli materialen i bulk har gett en pålitlig deskriptor för att undersöka Young’s moduli koherenta multilager. Debye-modellen används för att undersöka hög-temperatur-termodynamiken och spinodalt sönderfall hos TixNbyAl1−x−yN. Vi visar att trots att vibrationers effekt på Gibbs fria energi för blandning är stor påverkas inte de lokala tendenserna för spinodalt sönderfall. En kvasiharmonisk Debye-modell jämförs med resultat från molekyldynamiksimuleringar för att förutsäga utvidgningskoefficienter för TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta). Diese Arbeit ist eine theoretische Untersuchung der Eigenschaften von mehrschichtigen und mehrkomponentigen Nitridlegierungen, insbesondere deren Mischungs- Thermodynamik und elastischen Verhalten. Eine systematische Untersuchung von Eigenschaften einer großen Klasse von Materialien, wie zum Beispiel fester Lösungen von Mehrkomponenten-Nitriden, ist im Einklang mit dem zeitgenössischen Hochdurchsatzverfahren für die Suche nach neuen Materialien. In dieser Arbeit benchmarken und nutzen wir einfache, aber effiziente methodische Frameworks zur Vorhersage der Mischungs-Thermodynamik, der Verteilung des Elastizitätsmoduls von Mehrschichtlegierungen und der linearen thermischen Ausdehnung von festen, quaternären Nitrid-Lösungen. Wir zeigen durch genaue Ab-initio-Berechnungen, dass Ti1−xAlxN Mischkristalle durch Grenzflächenwirkungen stabilisiert werden, wenn sie kohärent zwischen TiN Schichten entlang (001) sandwichartig angeordnet sind. Die genauen elastischen Konstanten von kubischen TixXyAl1−x−yN (X = Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) Mischkristallen und deren Mehrfachschichten bei 0 Kelvin werden abgeleitet und ein analytischer Vergleich der Festigkeit und Duktilität zeigt das Potential dieser Materialien in Hartbeschichtungsanwendungen. Das Debye-Modell wird verwendet, um die Hochtemperatur-Thermodynamik und die spinodale Entmischung von TixNbyAl1−x−yN aufzudecken. Wir zeigen, dass sich die lokale Tendenzen zur spinodalen Entmischung nicht ändern, obwohl die Wirkung von Vibrationen auf die Gibbs-Energie großist. Ein quasi-harmonisches Debye-Modell wird gegen die Ergebnisse von Moleküldynamik-Simulationen gebenchmarkt, um die thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) vorherzusagen.

Download or read book High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering written by Daniel Lundin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Fundamentals, Technologies, Challenges and Applications is an in-depth introduction to HiPIMS that emphasizes how this novel sputtering technique differs from conventional magnetron processes in terms of both discharge physics and the resulting thin film characteristics. Ionization of sputtered atoms is discussed in detail for various target materials. In addition, the role of self-sputtering, secondary electron emission and the importance of controlling the process gas dynamics, both inert and reactive gases, are examined in detail with an aim to generate stable HiPIMS processes. Lastly, the book also looks at how to characterize the HiPIMS discharge, including essential diagnostic equipment. Experimental results and simulations based on industrially relevant material systems are used to illustrate mechanisms controlling nucleation kinetics, column formation and microstructure evolution.

Download or read book Multicomponent and Multilayered Thin Films for Advanced Microtechnologies Techniques Fundamentals and Devices written by O. Auciello and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The synthesis of multicomponent/multilayered superconducting, conducting, semiconducting and insulating thin films has become the subject of an intensive, worldwide, interdisciplinary research effort. The development of deposition-characterization techniques and the science and technology related to the synthesis of these films are critical for the successful evolution of this interdisciplinary field of research and the implementation of the new materials in a whole new generation of advanced microdevices. This book contains the lectures and contributed papers on various scientific and technological aspects of multicomponent and multilayered thin films presented at a NATO/ASI. Compared to other recent books on thin films, the distinctive character of this book is the interdisciplinary treatment of the various fields of research related to the different thin film materials mentioned above. The wide range of topics discussed in this book include vacuum-deposition techniques, synthesis-processing, characterization, and devices of multicomponent/multilayered oxide high temperature superconducting, ferroelectric, electro-optic, optical, metallic, silicide, and compound semiconductor thin films. The book presents an unusual intedisciplinary exchange of ideas between researchers with cross-disciplinary backgrounds and it will be useful to established investigators as well as postdoctoral and graduate students.

Download or read book High Entropy Alloys written by T.S. Srivatsan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a cohesive overview of innovations, advances in processing and characterization, and applications for high entropy alloys (HEAs) in performance-critical and non-performance-critical sectors. It covers manufacturing and processing, advanced characterization and analysis techniques, and evaluation of mechanical and physical properties. With chapters authored by a team of internationally renowned experts, the volume includes discussions on high entropy thermoelectric materials, corrosion and thermal behavior of HEAs, improving fracture resistance, fatigue properties and high tensile strength of HEAs, HEA films, and more. This work will be of interest to academics, scientists, engineers, technologists, and entrepreneurs working in the field of materials and metals development for advanced applications. Features Addresses a broad spectrum of HEAs and related aspects, including manufacturing, processing, characterization, and properties Emphasizes the application of HEAs Aimed at researchers, engineers, and scientists working to develop materials for advanced applications T.S. Srivatsan, PhD, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Akron (Ohio, USA), earned his MS in Aerospace Engineering in 1981 and his PhD in Mechanical Engineering in 1984 from the Georgia Institute of Technology (USA). He has authored or edited 65 books, delivered over 200 technical presentations, and authored or co-authored more than 700 archival publications in journals, book chapters, book reviews, proceedings of conferences, and technical reports. His RG score is 45 with a h-index of 53 and Google Scholar citations of 9000, ranking him to be among the top 2% of researchers in the world. He is a Fellow of (i) the American Society for Materials International, (ii) the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and (iii) the American Association for Advancement of Science. Manoj Gupta, PhD, is Associate Professor of Materials at NUS, Singapore. He is a former Head of Materials Division of the Mechanical Engineering Department and Director Designate of Materials Science and Engineering Initiative at NUS, Singapore. In August 2017, he was highlighted among the Top 1% Scientists of the World by the Universal Scientific Education and Research Network and in the Top 2.5% among scientists as per ResearchGate. In 2018, he was announced as World Academy Championship Winner in the area of Biomedical Sciences by the International Agency for Standards and Ratings. A multiple award winner, he actively collaborates/visits as an invited researcher and visiting and chair professor in Japan, France, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, China, the United States, and India.

Download or read book Protective Thin Coatings Technology written by Sam Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-08-08 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hard or protective coatings are widely used in conventional and modern industries and will continue to play a key role in future manufacturing, especially in the micro and nano areas. Protective Thin Coatings Technology highlights the developments and advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of protective micro-/nanoscaled films and coatings. This book Covers technologies for sputtering of flexible hard nanocoatings, deposition of solid lubricating films, and multilayer transition metal nitrides Describes integrated nanomechanical characterization of hard coatings, corrosion and tribo-corrosion of hard coatings, and high entropy alloy films and coatings Investigates thin films and coatings for high-temperature applications, nanocomposite coatings on magnesium alloys, and the correlation between coating properties and industrial applications Features various aspects of hard coatings, covering advanced sputtering technologies, structural characterizations, and simulations, as well as applications This first volume in the two-volume set, Protective Thin Coatings and Functional Thin Films Technology, will benefit industry professionals and researchers working in areas related to semiconductors, optoelectronics, plasma technology, solid-state energy storages, and 5G, as well as advanced students studying electrical, mechanical, chemical, and material engineering.

Download or read book Nanocomposite and Nanocrystalline Materials and Coatings written by Alexander D. Pogrebnjak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Entropy Alloys written by B.S. Murty and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-03-16 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-Entropy Alloys, Second Edition provides a complete review of the current state of the field of high entropy alloys (HEA). Building upon the first edition, this fully updated release includes new theoretical understandings of these materials, highlighting recent developments on modeling and new classes of HEAs, such as Eutectic HEAs and Dual phase HEAs. Due to their unique properties, high entropy alloys have attracted considerable attention from both academics and technologists. This book presents the fundamental knowledge, the spectrum of various alloy systems and their characteristics, key focus areas, and the future scope of the field in terms of research and technological applications. - Provides an up-to-date, comprehensive understanding on the current status of HEAs in terms of theoretical understanding and modeling efforts - Gives a complete idea on alloy design criteria of various classes of HEAs developed so far - Discusses the microstructure property correlations in HEAs in terms of structural and functional properties - Presents a comparison of HEAs with other multicomponent systems, like intermetallics and bulk metallic glasses

Download or read book Chemical Physics of Thin Film Deposition Processes for Micro and Nano Technologies written by Y. Pauleau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date collection of tutorial papers on the latest advances in the deposition and growth of thin films for micro and nano technologies. The emphasis is on fundamental aspects, principles and applications of deposition techniques used for the fabrication of micro and nano devices. The deposition of thin films is described, emphasising the gas phase and surface chemistry and its effects on the growth rates and properties of films. Gas-phase phenomena, surface chemistry, growth mechanisms and the modelling of deposition processes are thoroughly described and discussed to provide a clear understanding of the growth of thin films and microstructures via thermally activated, laser induced, photon assisted, ion beam assisted, and plasma enhanced vapour deposition processes. A handbook for engineers and scientists and an introduction for students of microelectronics.

Download or read book Handbook of Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings written by Peter M. Martin and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 3e, edited by Peter M. Martin, PNNL 2005 Inventor of the Year, is an extensive update of the many improvements in deposition technologies, mechanisms, and applications. This long-awaited revision includes updated and new chapters on atomic layer deposition, cathodic arc deposition, sculpted thin films, polymer thin films and emerging technologies. Extensive material was added throughout the book, especially in the areas concerned with plasma-assisted vapor deposition processes and metallurgical coating applications.

Download or read book Thin Film Analysis by X Ray Scattering written by Mario Birkholz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by Paul F. Fewster and Christoph Genzel While X-ray diffraction investigation of powders and polycrystalline matter was at the forefront of materials science in the 1960s and 70s, high-tech applications at the beginning of the 21st century are driven by the materials science of thin films. Very much an interdisciplinary field, chemists, biochemists, materials scientists, physicists and engineers all have a common interest in thin films and their manifold uses and applications. Grain size, porosity, density, preferred orientation and other properties are important to know: whether thin films fulfill their intended function depends crucially on their structure and morphology once a chemical composition has been chosen. Although their backgrounds differ greatly, all the involved specialists a profound understanding of how structural properties may be determined in order to perform their respective tasks in search of new and modern materials, coatings and functions. The author undertakes this in-depth introduction to the field of thin film X-ray characterization in a clear and precise manner.

Download or read book Microstructure and Properties of Micro and Nanoscale Materials Films and Coatings NAP 2019 written by Alexander D. Pogrebnjak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the findings of experimental and theoretical (including first-principles molecular dynamics simulation) studies of nanostructured and nanocomposite metal-based materials, and nanoscale multilayer coatings fabricated by physical or chemical vapor deposition, magnetron sputtering, electrospark alloying, ionic layer absorption, contact melting, and high-current electron beam irradiation. It also discusses novel methods of nanocomposite formation, as well as the structure of the deposited films, coatings and other nanoscale materials, their elemental and phase composition, and their physical–mechanical, tribological, magnetic and electrical properties. Lastly, it explores the influence of a various surface modification methods, such as thermal annealing, pulsed laser modification, and thermomechanical and ultrasonic treatment, as well as different properties of nanostructured films.

Download or read book The Foundations of Vacuum Coating Technology written by Donald M. Mattox and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-08-21 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Foundations of Vacuum Coating Technology, Second Edition, is a revised and expanded version of the first edition, which was published in 2003. The book reviews the histories of the various vacuum coating technologies and expands on the history of the enabling technologies of vacuum technology, plasma technology, power supplies, and low-pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The melding of these technologies has resulted in new processes and products that have greatly expanded the application of vacuum coatings for use in our everyday lives. The book is unique in that it makes extensive reference to the patent literature (mostly US) and how it relates to the history of vacuum coating. The book includes a Historical Timeline of Vacuum Coating Technology and a Historical Timeline of Vacuum/Plasma Technology, as well as a Glossary of Terms used in the vacuum coating and surface engineering industries. - History and detailed descriptions of Vacuum Deposition Technologies - Review of Enabling Technologies and their importance to current applications - Extensively referenced text - Patents are referenced as part of the history - Historical Timelines for Vacuum Coating Technology and Vacuum/Plasma Technology - Glossary of Terms for vacuum coating

Download or read book Phase formation in multicomponent films based on 3d transition metals written by Smita Gangaprasad Rao and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for materials that enhance life span, performance, and sustainability has propelled research in alloy design from binary alloys to more complex systems such as multicomponent alloys. The CoCrFeMnNi alloy, more commonly known as the Cantor alloy, is one of the most studied systems in bulk as well as thin film. The addition of light elements such as boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen is a means to alter the properties of these materials. The challenge lies in understanding the process of phase formation and microstructure evolution on addition of these light elements. To address this challenge, I investigate multicomponent alloys based on a simplified version of the Cantor alloy. My thesis investigates the addition of nitrogen into a Cantor variant system as a step towards understanding the full Cantor alloy. Me1-yNy (Me = Cr + Fe + Co, 0.14 ≤ y ≤0.28 thin films were grown by reactive magnetron sputtering. The films showed a change in structure from fcc to mixed fcc+bcc and finally a bcc-dominant film with increasing nitrogen content. The change in phase and microstructure influenced the mechanical and electrical properties of the films. A maximum hardness of 11 ± 0.7 GPa and lowest electrical resistivity of 28 ± 5 μΩcm were recorded in the film with mixed phase (fcc+bcc) crystal structure. Copper was added as a fourth metallic alloying element into the film with the mixed fcc + bcc structure, resulting in stabilization of the bcc phase even though Cu has been reported to be a fcc stabilizer. The energy brought to the substrate increases on Cu addition which promotes surface diffusion of the ions and leads to small but randomly oriented grains. The maximum hardness recorded by nanoindentation was found to be 13.7 ± 0.2 GPa for the sample Cu0.05. While it is generally believed that large amounts of Cu can be detrimental to thin film properties due to segregation, this study shows that small amounts of Cu in the multicomponent matrix could be beneficial in stabilizing phases as well as for mechanical properties. This thesis thus provides insights into the phase formation of nitrogen-containing multicomponent alloys.

Download or read book High Entropy Alloys written by Michael C. Gao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-27 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic and comprehensive description of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). The authors summarize key properties of HEAs from the perspective of both fundamental understanding and applications, which are supported by in-depth analyses. The book also contains computational modeling in tackling HEAs, which help elucidate the formation mechanisms and properties of HEAs from various length and time scales.

Download or read book High Entropy Materials written by Yong Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-08-09 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in the field of high-entropy materials is advancing rapidly. High-Entropy Materials: Advances and Applications focuses on materials discovered using the high-entropy alloys (HEA) strategy. It discusses various types of high-entropy materials, such as face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) HEAs, films and coatings, fibers, and powders and hard-cemented carbides, along with current research status and applications: • Describes, compositions and processing of high-entropy materials. • Summarizes industrially valuable alloys found in high-entropy materials that hold promise for promotion and application. • Explains how high-entropy materials can be used in many fields and can outperform traditional materials. This book is aimed at researchers, advanced students, and academics in materials science and engineering and related disciplines.

Download or read book Cathodic Arcs written by André Anders and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cathodic arcs are among the longest studied yet least understood objects in science. Plasma-generating, tiny spots appear on the cathode; they are highly dynamic and hard to control. With an approach emphasizing the fractal character of cathode spots, strongly fluctuating plasma properties are described such as the presence of multiply charged ions that move with supersonic velocity. Richly illustrated, the book also deals with practical issues, such as arc source construction, macroparticle removal, and the synthesis of dense, well adherent coatings. The book spans a bridge from plasma physics to coatings technology based on energetic condensation, appealing to scientists, practitioners and graduate students alike.