Download or read book Multi dimensional Effects of Built Environment on Trip chain Travel Behavior written by Hao Pang (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation's central question examined the impact of the built environment (BE) on people's trip-chain travel behavior. In contrast to trip-based research, which presumes an isolated, homogenous, single-leveled, and static relationship between BE and travel behavior, this collection of studies analyzes the interaction of a succession of decision-making processes with varying spatial limitations at different dimensions. This dissertation began by establishing a conceptual framework for evaluating the relationship between the built environment and trip-chain travel behavior. The research next evaluated the multidimensional BE impacts on the percentage of vehicle miles traveled (PVMT) and two critical trip-chain behaviors: trip-chain complexity and trip-chain mode choice. According to the tour complexity analysis, all non-auto passengers are opposed to increased tour complexity. Overall, only activity availability and density near the job and neighborhood housing type and density had a substantial effect on the BE factors. In comparison to tour complexity, the findings of the tour-level mode choice study indicate that BE characteristics are more influential in deciding mode choice. Among all BE characteristics, walkability (bike-ability) and street connection at the job and at home have the most impact. Additionally, the decision-making process for secondary mode selection is considered. The model findings suggest that the secondary mode choice is mostly determined by the primary mode choice, whereas BE characteristics close to sub-activity sites have a little effect. Only two walkability attributes have a significant influence on secondary mode choice when compared to all BE attributes close to sub-activity sites. Finally, the interdependence is evaluated by examining the relationship between tour complexity and tour-level mode selection. When the joint impacts are considered, the single-family ratio in the home zone has a substantial marginal influence on mode choice. The findings indicate that the single-family ratio in the home zone increases the probability of a drive-alone trip but decreases the probability of transit, bike, or walking tour

Download or read book Effects of Built Environments on Travel Behavior and Emissions written by Jin Hyun Hong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban transportation researchers have been studying the relationship between land use policy and travel behavior for several decades due to the topic's great importance in public policy-making. Because of the improvements in energy efficiency, large reductions in emissions have been achieved for a given amount of travel. Unfortunately, the rapid growth in total travel distance over the past several decades, especially for light duty vehicles, has reduced the benefits from technological improvements. Therefore, many urban planners have suggested land use planning as an alternative and fundamental way to reduce auto dependency and thereby, transportation emissions. However, several empirical studies about the linkage between built environments and travel behavior produced mixed results. In light of the inconsistent findings, research efforts to reconcile the discrepancy among different studies are required. Several methodological issues are found based on the previous literature and four main challenges are addressed in this study: self-selection, spatial autocorrelation, trip-interdependency, and geographic scale. In addition, two key methodological issues in modeling transportation emissions are found and addressed. First, transportation emissions per person are often estimated by using vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and emissions factors, but these emissions factors do not fully consider variations in travel speed and vehicle characteristics. Second, VMT and emissions factors are associated with travel characteristics, implying that the same methodological challenges existing in the land use-travel behavior analysis can exist in the land use-transportation emissions analysis. This research obtained several important results. First, increasing residential density can reduce VMT and emissions significantly. In addition, the impact of residential density on VMT is higher than that on transportation emissions, indicating that negative externalities such as congestion generated from compact developments should be considered in the land use-transportation emissions analysis. Second, analyses show that the effects of land use factors on VMT and emissions are different according to tour types and geographic scales. These results imply that different land use policies should be implemented according to neighborhoods characteristics. Finally, the sensitivity analyses of built environment factors show that ignoring trip and vehicle characteristics in the emissions calculation can inflate the influences of built environments on emissions.

Download or read book Assessing the Impact of the Built Environment on Travel Behavior written by Andrew Tracy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing the impact of the built environment on travel behavior can yield valuable tools for land use and transportation planning. In this study, a method is proposed by which geospatial characteristics of the built environment may be quantified and used to model spatial variability in travel behavior at an aggregate level. The GIS-based method explores many geostatistical concepts and their applicability to transportation planning. The models developed may be used to supplement four-step planning models that have little inherent sensitivity to changes in land use and other aspects of the built environment. This method is applied to a study area composed of Buffalo, NY, and its surrounding communities. Among the main conclusions of the study are that zonal mode choice is highly correlated to built environment factors, even when controlling for relevant household demographics such as vehicle ownership, and that home-based VHT and VMT are affected by the built environment to a lesser degree than by social or economic factors. Statistical concepts such as regression Cp minimization, principal component analysis, and power transformations are explored and found to be methodologically beneficial. To conclude the study, the method is applied to a hypothetical land use scenario to estimate the reduction in zonal vehicle dependency caused by high-density development in suburban areas.

Download or read book Driving and the Built Environment written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Study on the Relationships Among Development Patterns, Vehicle Miles Traveled, and Energy Consumption and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2009 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast majority of the U.S. population - some 80 percent - now lives in metropolitan areas, but population and employment continue to decentralize within regions, and density levels continue to decline at the urban fringe. Suburbanization is a long-standing trend that reflects the preference of many Americans for living in detached single-family homes, made possible largely through the mobility provided by the automobile and an extensive highway network. Yet these dispersed, automobile-dependent development patterns have come at a cost, consuming vast quantities of undeveloped land; increasing the nations dependence on petroleum, particularly foreign imports; and increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that contribute to global warming. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between land development patterns, often referred to as the built environment, and motor vehicle travel in the United States and to assess whether petroleum use, and by extension GHG emissions, could be reduced through changes in the design of development patterns. A key question of interest is the extent to which developing more compactly would reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and make alternative modes of travel (e.g., transit, walking) more feasible. The study is focused on metropolitan areas and on personal travel, the primary vectors through which policy changes designed to encourage more compact development should have the greatest effect.

Download or read book The Links Among the Built Environment Travel Attitudes and Travel Behavior written by Xiaodong Guan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear understanding on the impact of the built environment on travel behavior is crucial for land use and transport planning. However, previous land use-transport studies are largely constrained to a single individual in the household and a single long-term choice (i.e. residential location). The individual was commonly used as the unit of analysis, while both long-term location/mobility choices (residential location, work location and car ownership) and daily travel behaviors could be household level decisions. Besides, previous land use-transport research usually assumed the residential location as a decision that independent with the work location, while these two location choices may be associated with each other. Ignoring intra-household interactions in travel decisions and the interdependencies between different long-term choices would lead to an incomplete understanding on the land use-transport relationship. This thesis fills these research gaps by providing a new household perspective to rethink and reexamine the relationships among the built environment, travel attitudes, and travel behavior. It extends the“individual-based”analytical framework of land use-transport research to a broader“household-based”one. Specifically, this proposed analytical framework takes the household as the basic unit of analysis, and considers interactions among different household members as well as different long-term choices. This research challenges the underlying assumptions of existing land use-transport research, and has the potential to guide the research design and model specification of future travel behavior studies. Three empirical studies were conducted to examine the proposed household-based research framework. Data was derived from a household activity-travel diary survey in 2016 in Beijing, China. The results of empirical studies indicate that: Self-selection exists in different long-term choices, including residential location, work location, commuting distance and car ownership; Travel attitudes of different household members play different roles in self-selections regarding these long-term choices; The partner's travel attitudes affect an individual's long-term choices and travel behaviors simultaneously, thereby could be additional sources of the self-selection effect; The built environment has indirect impacts on the male head’s travel behaviors through the female head’s travel choices; Besides, residential location has indirect impacts on travel behavior though the work location choice, and vice versa. In general, this dissertation confirms the significance and necessity of investigating the impact of the built environment on travel behavior from a household-based perspective. Findings in this dissertation contribute to a better understanding on the process and mechanism of household members' long-term and short-term travel choices, and further both the direct and indirect impacts of the built environment on travel behavior.

Download or read book Estimating the Actual Effect of the Built Environment on Travel Behavior in the Context of Residential Self selection written by David Michael van Herick and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When I combined BEP quality score with goodness-of-fit, I found the most “trustworthy” BEPs tended to either be two-equation statistical control modular effects BEPs or sample selection treatment effects BEPs, and that the average of the BEPs that performed well on both dimensions was 0.617, indicating that approximately 62% of the apparent total influence of the BE on TB (at least in this study) was found to be due to the BE itself, while the remaining 38% was due to self-selection. It is important to reiterate that this study only provides a single empirical application among what I hope will become many. If one thing is clear from this study, it is that there is not (yet) a final word on what the BEP is – even when empirical context and data are held as constant as possible, the value of the BEP has the potential to nearly run the gamut.

Download or read book Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity written by Transportation Research Board and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2005-01-11 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB Special Report 282: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence reviews the broad trends affecting the relationships among physical activity, health, transportation, and land use; summarizes what is known about these relationships, including the strength and magnitude of any causal connections; examines implications for policy; and recommends priorities for future research.

Download or read book Travel by Design written by Marlon G. Boarnet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-03-08 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can transportation problems be fixed by the right neighborhood design? The tremendous popularity of the "new urbanism" and "livable communities" initiatives suggests that many persons think so. As a systematic assessment of attempts to solve transportation problems through urban design, this book asks and answers three questions: Can such efforts work? Will they be put into practice? Are they a good idea?

Download or read book The Built Environment written by Wendy R. McClure and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a sweeping view of the ways we build things, beginning at the scale of products and interiors, to that of regions and global systems. In doing so, it answers questions on how we effect and are affected by our environment and explores how components of what we make—from products, buildings, and cities—are interrelated, and why designers and planners must consider these connections.

Download or read book America s Suburban Centers written by Robert Cervero and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Multi Agent Transport Simulation MATSim written by Andreas Horni and published by Ubiquity Press. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation) software project was started around 2006 with the goal of generating traffic and congestion patterns by following individual synthetic travelers through their daily or weekly activity programme. It has since then evolved from a collection of stand-alone C++ programs to an integrated Java-based framework which is publicly hosted, open-source available, automatically regression tested. It is currently used by about 40 groups throughout the world. This book takes stock of the current status. The first part of the book gives an introduction to the most important concepts, with the intention of enabling a potential user to set up and run basic simulations. The second part of the book describes how the basic functionality can be extended, for example by adding schedule-based public transit, electric or autonomous cars, paratransit, or within-day replanning. For each extension, the text provides pointers to the additional documentation and to the code base. It is also discussed how people with appropriate Java programming skills can write their own extensions, and plug them into the MATSim core. The project has started from the basic idea that traffic is a consequence of human behavior, and thus humans and their behavior should be the starting point of all modelling, and with the intuition that when simulations with 100 million particles are possible in computational physics, then behavior-oriented simulations with 10 million travelers should be possible in travel behavior research. The initial implementations thus combined concepts from computational physics and complex adaptive systems with concepts from travel behavior research. The third part of the book looks at theoretical concepts that are able to describe important aspects of the simulation system; for example, under certain conditions the code becomes a Monte Carlo engine sampling from a discrete choice model. Another important aspect is the interpretation of the MATSim score as utility in the microeconomic sense, opening up a connection to benefit cost analysis. Finally, the book collects use cases as they have been undertaken with MATSim. All current users of MATSim were invited to submit their work, and many followed with sometimes crisp and short and sometimes longer contributions, always with pointers to additional references. We hope that the book will become an invitation to explore, to build and to extend agent-based modeling of travel behavior from the stable and well tested core of MATSim documented here.

Download or read book Transportation Decision Making written by Kumares C. Sinha and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pioneering text provides a holistic approach to decisionmaking in transportation project development and programming, whichcan help transportation professionals to optimize their investmentchoices. The authors present a proven set of methodologies forevaluating transportation projects that ensures that all costs andimpacts are taken into consideration. The text's logical organization gets readers started with asolid foundation in basic principles and then progressively buildson that foundation. Topics covered include: Developing performance measures for evaluation, estimatingtravel demand, and costing transportation projects Performing an economic efficiency evaluation that accounts forsuch factors as travel time, safety, and vehicle operatingcosts Evaluating a project's impact on economic development and landuse as well as its impact on society and culture Assessing a project's environmental impact, including airquality, noise, ecology, water resources, and aesthetics Evaluating alternative projects on the basis of multipleperformance criteria Programming transportation investments so that resources can beoptimally allocated to meet facility-specific and system-widegoals Each chapter begins with basic definitions and concepts followedby a methodology for impact assessment. Relevant legislation isdiscussed and available software for performing evaluations ispresented. At the end of each chapter, readers are providedresources for detailed investigation of particular topics. Theseinclude Internet sites and publications of international anddomestic agencies and research institutions. The authors alsoprovide a companion Web site that offers updates, data foranalysis, and case histories of project evaluation and decisionmaking. Given that billions of dollars are spent each year ontransportation systems in the United States alone, and that thereis a need for thorough and rational evaluation and decision makingfor cost-effective system preservation and improvement, this textshould be on the desks of all transportation planners, engineers,and educators. With exercises in every chapter, this text is anideal coursebook for the subject of transportation systems analysisand evaluation.

Download or read book Sustainability Assessment of Urban Systems written by Claudia R. Binder and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-26 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our world is becoming more urban. More than fifty percent of the global population now lives in cities, which poses new challenges for sustainable development. This book integrates theory and methods of sustainability assessment with concepts from systems science to provide guidelines for assessing the sustainability of urban systems. It discusses different aspects of urban sustainability, from energy and housing, to mobility and health, covering social, economic and environmental factors, as well as the various stakeholders and actors involved. The book argues for the need to find models and solutions in order to design sustainable cities of the future in light of the complexity of urban social life. Including diverse case studies from the developed and developing world, this book provides a useful reference for researchers and students from a broad range of disciplines working in the field of sustainability, as well as for environmental consultants and policy makers.

Download or read book Urban Rhythms and Travel Behaviour written by Stefan Schönfelder and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent availability of longitudinal data on individual trip making and activity behaviour has provided analysts with new insights into the structures and motives of daily life travel. Multi-week travel diary data-sets and GPS observations are exciting sources of information for the description and modelling of the variability of individual travel patterns. Through an analysis of these strong new data sets, this book questions what are the most suitable methodological tools to represent the structures of long-term travel behaviour. It also examines what the data tells us about the travellers' motives and looks at how planning should translate the findings into forecasting tools and transport strategies. In doing so, the multifaceted and ambiguous character of daily life travel is revealed, illustrating how, while sound routines in time and space seem to dominate daily life, individuals show a considerable amount of variability and flexibility in travel and activity behaviour.

Download or read book Women s Issues in Transportation written by Susan Herbel and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2010 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "September 27-30, 2009. Irvine, California"--Title page.

Download or read book Ant Colony Optimization written by Marco Dorigo and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-06-04 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the rapidly growing field of ant colony optimization that describes theoretical findings, the major algorithms, and current applications. The complex social behaviors of ants have been much studied by science, and computer scientists are now finding that these behavior patterns can provide models for solving difficult combinatorial optimization problems. The attempt to develop algorithms inspired by one aspect of ant behavior, the ability to find what computer scientists would call shortest paths, has become the field of ant colony optimization (ACO), the most successful and widely recognized algorithmic technique based on ant behavior. This book presents an overview of this rapidly growing field, from its theoretical inception to practical applications, including descriptions of many available ACO algorithms and their uses. The book first describes the translation of observed ant behavior into working optimization algorithms. The ant colony metaheuristic is then introduced and viewed in the general context of combinatorial optimization. This is followed by a detailed description and guide to all major ACO algorithms and a report on current theoretical findings. The book surveys ACO applications now in use, including routing, assignment, scheduling, subset, machine learning, and bioinformatics problems. AntNet, an ACO algorithm designed for the network routing problem, is described in detail. The authors conclude by summarizing the progress in the field and outlining future research directions. Each chapter ends with bibliographic material, bullet points setting out important ideas covered in the chapter, and exercises. Ant Colony Optimization will be of interest to academic and industry researchers, graduate students, and practitioners who wish to learn how to implement ACO algorithms.

Download or read book Urban Transportation Networks written by Yosef Sheffi and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1984 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: