Download or read book mTOR Pathway and mTOR Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy written by Vitaly A. Polunovsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this book is to provide an up-to-date survey of the rapidly advancing eld of cancer therapy. Moreover, since our knowledge in this area rapidly evolves, some data have got obsolete during the process of book editing. Our understanding of the mechanisms involved in cancer genesis and progression underwent unprecedented expansion during the last decade, opening a new era of cancer treatment – targeted therapy. The surge in this area results in no small part from studies conducted jointly by basic health scientists and clinical investigators. It is our hope that this book will help foster even further collaboration between investigators in these two disciplines. The target of rapamycin (TOR) was rst identi ed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subsequently in mammals (mTOR) as a conserved atypical serine/threonine kinase. In mammalian cells, mTOR exists in at least two multi-protein complexes that have critical roles in regulating cellular homeostasis and survival. As with many other areas of science, discovery of TOR signaling was fortuitous. Rapamycin was isolated as a product of the soil bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus, identi ed in a soil sample taken from the island of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Rapamycin was rst discovered to be a potent antifungal agent and next as an immune suppressive drug. It was only later that it was found to be active as an antitumor agent in non-clinical models; although it was not developed for this indication. The history of rapamycin presents one of the rst examples of chemical genetics.

Download or read book mTOR Inhibition for Cancer Therapy Past Present and Future written by Monica Mita and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the challenges involved in developing mTOR inhibitors for cancer treatment, starting with an in-depth examination of their molecular mechanism of action, with emphasis on the class side-effects, efficacy and mechanisms of resistance, as well as on promising novel directions for their development, including novel compounds and rational combinations with other anti-neoplastic drugs. Over the last 10 years, inhibitors of mTOR have emerged as a major class of anticancer drugs. Two rapamycin analogs are currently approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, and it is estimated that a variety of other tumor types could benefit from mTOR inhibition, with numerous clinical trials (including pivotal registration trials) already underway. Second-generation small-molecule inhibitors of the pathway have also shown promise in terms of their superior tolerability and efficacy and are undergoing extensive clinical evaluation, with an estimated 30+ compounds currently under evaluation.

Download or read book mTOR in Human Diseases written by Olivier Dormond and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major signaling intermediary that coordinates favorable environmental conditions with cell growth. Indeed, as part of two functionally distinct protein complexes, named mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTOR regulates a variety of cellular processes, including protein, lipid, and nucleotide synthesis, as well as autophagy. Over the last two decades, major molecular advances have been made in mTOR signaling and have revealed the complexity of the events implicated in mTOR function and regulation. In parallel, the role of mTOR in diverse pathological conditions has also been identified, including in cancer, hamartoma, neurological, and metabolic diseases. Through a series of articles, this book focuses on the role played by mTOR in cellular processes, metabolism in particular, and highlights a panel of human diseases for which mTOR inhibition provides or might provide benefits. It also addresses future studies needed to further characterize the role of mTOR in selected disorders, which will help design novel therapeutic approaches. It is therefore intended for everyone who has an interest in mTOR biology and its application in human pathologies.

Download or read book mTOR Signaling in Metabolism and Cancer written by Shile Huang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine kinase, is a central regulator for human physiological activity. Deregulated mTOR signaling is implicated in a variety of disorders, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. The papers published in this Special Issue summarize the current understanding of the mTOR pathway and its role in the regulation of tissue regeneration, regulatory T cell differentiation and function, and different types of cancer including hematologic malignancies, skin, prostate, breast, and head and neck cancer. The findings highlight that targeting mTOR pathway is a promising strategy to fight against certain human diseases.

Download or read book PI3K mTOR in Cancer and Cancer Therapy written by Nandini Dey and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the post human-genome project era, cancer specific genomic maps are redesigning tumor taxonomy by evolving from histopathology to molecular pathology. The success of a cancer drug today is fundamentally based on the success in identifying target genes that control beneficial pathways. The overwhelming power of genomics and proteomics has enlightened researchers about the fact that the PI3K-mTOR pathway is the most commonly up-regulated signal transduction pathway in various cancers, either by virtue of its activation downstream of many cell surface growth factor receptors or by virtue of its collateral and compensatory circuitry with RAS-MAPK pathway. Oncogenic signaling in the majority of solid tumors is sustained via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Because of its prominent role in many cancer types, the PI3K-mTOR pathway has become a major therapeutic target. The volume includes two complementary parts which address the problem of etiology and disease progression and is intended to portray the very basic mechanisms of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway’s involvement in various facets of the cancer, including stem cell renewal, cell metabolism, angiogenesis, genetic instability, and drug resistance. Significant progress has been made in recent years elucidating the molecular mechanism of cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and drug-resistance in relation to the PI3K-mTOR pathway and this volume provides an in-depth overview of recent developments made in this area.​

Download or read book Targeting PI3K mTOR signaling in cancer written by Alexandre Arcaro and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR pathway integrates signals from growth factors with nutrient signals and other conditions and controls multiple cell responses, including proliferation, survival and metabolism. Deregulation of the PI3K pathway has been extensively investigated in connection to cancer. Somatic or inherited mutations frequently occur in tumor suppressor genes (PTEN, TSC1/2, LKB1) and oncogenes (PIK3CA, PIK3R1, AKT) in the PI3K/mTOR pathway. The fact that the PI3K/mTOR pathway is deregulated in a large number of human malignancies, and its importance for different cellular responses, makes it an attractive drug target. Pharmacological PI3K inhibitors have played a very important role in studying cellular responses involving these enzymes. Currently, a wide range of selective PI3K inhibitors have been tested in preclinical studies and some have entered clinical trials in oncology. Rapamycin and its analogs targeting mTOR are effective in many preclinical cancer models. Although rapalogs are approved for the treatment of some cancers, their efficacy in clinical trials remains the subject of debate. Due to the complexity of the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, developing an effective anti-cancer therapy remains a challenge. The biggest challenge in curing cancer patients with various signaling pathway abnormalities is to target multiple components of different signal transduction pathways with mechanism-based combinatorial treatments.

Download or read book Oncogenic PI3KT Akt mTOR Pathway Alterations ROS Homeostasis Targeted Cancer therapy and drug resistance written by Rozangela Curi Pedrosa and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-23 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is an important signaling route that regulates several cell functions. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a crossroad of cell death and survival, playing a pivotal role in multiple interconnected cell signaling mechanisms implicated in cell metabolism, growth and proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Disruptions in the Akt‑regulated pathways and alterations in PTEN expression are associated to Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and different types of cancer. Genomic studies have shown that activating mutations in oncogenes as well as inactivating mutations in tumor suppressor genes are present across a variety of malignancies, including constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The regulation of the Akt signaling pathway renders multiple challenges and valuable therapeutic targets. The discovery process of Akt, PDK1 and mTOR synthetic and natural products as inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors using various strategies, could led to the identification of small molecule inhibitors with great selectivity, low side‑effects and also low toxicity regarding drug development.

Download or read book Molecules to Medicine with mTOR written by Kenneth Maiese and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-21 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecules to Medicine with mTOR: Translating Critical Pathways into Novel Therapeutic Strategies is a one-stop reference that thoroughly covers the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR, also known as the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a 289-kDa serine/threonine protein kinase that is ubiquitous throughout the body and has a critical role in gene transcription and protein formation, stem cell development, cell survival and senescence, aging, immunity, tissue regeneration and repair, metabolism, tumorigenesis, oxidative stress, and pathways of programmed cell death that include apoptosis and autophagy. Incorporating a translational medicine approach, this important reference highlights the basic cellular biology of mTOR pathways, presents the role of mTOR during normal physiologic function and disease, and illustrates how the mechanisms of mTOR can be targeted for current and future therapeutic treatment strategies. Coverage of mTOR signaling includes the entire life cycle of cells that impacts multiple systems of the body including those of nervous, cardiovascular, immune, musculoskeletal, endocrine, reproductive, renal, and respiratory origin. Covers the role of mTOR by internationally recognized expert contributors in the field. Provides a clear picture of the complexity of mTOR signaling as well as of the different approaches that could target this pathway at various levels. Includes analysis of the role of mTOR and in both health and disease. Serves as an important resource for a broad audience of healthcare providers, scientists, drug developers, and students in both clinical and research settings.

Download or read book Killing Cancer written by Tuula Kallunki and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the efficiency of current cancer treatments, cancer is still a deadly disease for too many. In 2008, 7.6 million people died of cancer; with the current development, it is estimated that the annual cancer death number will grow to 13 million by 2030. There is clearly a need for not only more research but also more innovative and out of the mainstream scientific ideas to discover and develop even better cancer treatments. This book presents the collective works published in the recent Special Issue entitled “Killing Cancer: Discovery and Selection of New Target Molecules”. These articles comprise a selection of studies, ideas, and opinions that aim to facilitate knowledge, thoughts, and discussion about which biological and molecular mechanisms in cancer we should target and how we should target them.

Download or read book MTOR Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment written by Leonidas C. Platanias and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased understanding of the mTOR signaling pathway in relation to malignant cells has prompted extensive efforts to develop new therapeutic approaches. The six chapters of this book summarize the current status of efforts using mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of several malignancies. First generation mTOR inhibitors (rapalogues) are now approved by the FDA for the treatment of renal cancer, and further new drugs may be approved. There is also hope that the second generation of catalytic inhibitors of mTOR that target both TORC1 and TORC2 complexes will be more powerful and effective antin.

Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism written by Anne Le and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.

Download or read book Tumor Invasion and Metastasis written by L.A. Liotta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The clinical significance of tumor spread has always been appreciated. Yet, in spite of the pioneering work and outstanding contributions of investigators such as D. Coman, H. Green, B. Fisher, S. Wood and I. Zeidman, studies on metastasis rarely achieved the popularity afforded to more esoteric areas of tumor biology. Tumor dissemination, occurring as it does in a responding host and being composed of a series of dynamic int~ractions, is a highly complex phenomenon. Few investigators were brave enough to attempt to unravel the mechanisms involved. Paradoxically, this very complexity may have contributed, in part, to the recent upsurge of interest in metastasis research. More and more researchers are becoming fascinated by the complexities of the cellular interactions involved in tumor spread. Accompanying this intellectual stimulation have been technological advances in related fields which allow the derivation of new model systems. The mechanisms of metastatic spread are increasingly amenable to both the reductionist and holistic approaches and it is the purpose of this volume to present many of these model systems while emphasizing the intricacy and complexity of the processes they mimic. We have attempted to emphasize two topics not previously covered in depth in previous books on metastases. These are in vitro models of invasion and in teractions of tumor cells with connective tissue.

Download or read book Synthesis of Best Seller Drugs written by Ruben Vardanyan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-01-07 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesis of Best-Seller Drugs is a key reference guide for all those involved with the design, development, and use of the best-selling drugs. Designed for ease of use, this book provides detailed information on the most popular drugs, using a practical layout arranged according to drug type. Each chapter reviews the main drugs in each of nearly 40 key therapeutic areas, also examining their classification, novel structural features, models of action, and synthesis. Of high interest to all those who work in the captivating areas of biologically active compounds and medicinal drug synthesis, in particular medicinal chemists, biochemists, and pharmacologists, the book aims to support current research efforts, while also encouraging future developments in this important field. Describes methods of synthesis, bioactivity and related drugs in key therapeutic areas Reviews the main drugs in each of nearly 40 key therapeutic areas, also examining their classification, novel structural features, models of action, and more Presents a practical layout designed for use as a quick reference tool by those working in drug design, development and implementation

Download or read book Colon Cancer Cells written by Mary Moyer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colon Cancer Cells brings together fundamental research and clinically relevant issues in the cell biology of colon cancer. This book is composed of five parts encompassing 21 chapters that specifically describe the initiation and progression of colon cancer cells. After briefly dealing with the major issues in colorectal carcinoma, this book goes on presenting the in vitro and in vivo models of colon carcinogenesis. This topic is followed by a discussion on the history of the development and characterization of commonly used colon cancer cell lines. The following parts describe the biochemical and immunological features and hormones in the colon. These parts also consider the studies on human colon tumors xenografted into nude mice and the biology and treatment of colorectal cancer metastasis. Discussions on the application of human monoclonal antibodies to tumor detection; the expression of blood group-related carbohydrates by normal, premalignant, and malignant colonic tissues; and the correlation of antigen variability in colon carcinoma with certain diagnostic and prognostic parameters are also included in these parts. The concluding part examines various therapeutic strategies and their potential in improving patient management with advanced colon carcinoma. Researchers, clinicians, and students interested in the biology of colon cancer development and in gastrointestinal cell biology will find this book invaluable.

Download or read book The Chemotherapy Source Book written by Michael Clinton Perry and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2008 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemotherapy Source Book, Fourth Edition pulls together all the current information on the chemotherapeutic management of cancer patients, including choice of chemotherapeutic agents, use of combinations, and toxicity of individual drugs. Organized by disease site, the book brings together pharmacologic and patient management information in one source that clinicians can consult for any question encountered in the delivery of chemotherapy. This updated Fourth Edition includes new drugs as well as new indications for older drugs. Content has been streamlined to provide essential information more quickly for the busy practitioner. Plus, this edition is softcover for greater portability and convenience.

Download or read book Resveratrol written by Farid A. Badria and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-02-06 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book intends to strike a balance between developments in research and the fact that researchers must absorb and link to scientific advances with clinical practice so that the management of diseases can be based on sound physiological concepts. This book addresses several controversial issues regarding a natural molecule with fascinating pharmacological and therapeutic effects. The book contains three sections: Section 1: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications of Resveratrol; Section 2: Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Mode of Action of Resveratrol; Section 3: Resveratrol and Its Role in Chronic and Degenerative Diseases. Does it Add Life to Years or Years to Life? It is our hope that this book will motivate readers to approach the evidence on the use resveratrol and thereby spark an interest in making further contributions to the current scientific debate and treatment development efforts.

Download or read book Metabolism in Cancer written by Thorsten Cramer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents concise chapters written by internationally respected experts on various important aspects of cancer-associated metabolism, offering a comprehensive overview of the central features of this exciting research field. The discovery that tumor cells display characteristic alterations of metabolic pathways has significantly changed our understanding of cancer: while the first description of tumor-specific changes in cellular energetics was published more than 90 years ago, the causal significance of this observation for the pathogenesis of cancer was only discovered in the post-genome era. The first 10 years of the twenty-first century were characterized by rapid advances in our grasp of the functional role of cancer-specific metabolism as well as the underlying molecular pathways. Various unanticipated interrelations between metabolic alterations and cancer-driving pathways were identified and currently await translation into diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Yet the speed, quantity, and complexity of these new discoveries make it difficult for researchers to keep up to date with the latest developments, an issue this book helps to remedy.