Download or read book Moving Interfaces in Crystalline Solids written by Franz D. Fischer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-23 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moving Interfaces in Solids are typically phase boundaries and grain or subgrain boundaries. Continuum thermodynamics and continuum mechanics are applied to explain the motion process. Related numerical and experimental concepts are dealt with. Experts from material physics and mechanics bridge the gap between these fields. The reader is offered a common view of interface mtion in a unique representation. Examples are presented for various material systems.

Download or read book Interfaces in Crystalline Materials written by Adrian P. Sutton and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1995 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of interfaces within and between materials is a central field which is relevant to almost all aspects of materials science. For example, interfaces play a role in many of the mechanical and electrical properties of materials, phase transformations, and microstructure of materials. This book is intended to serve as a graduate text consisting of four inter-related parts spanning the structure, thermodynamics, kinetics, and properties of interfaces in crystalline materials. Throughout the book emphasis is placed on the conceptual foundations of the subject through the exposition of simple models and descriptions of key experimental observations. In this way the reader is gradually taken to the forefront of the subject. The first four chapters deal with structural aspects of interfaces-interfacial geometry, dislocation models, interatomic forces, and atomic structure. There are three chapters dealing with thermodynamic aspects of interfaces; the thermodynamics of interfaces; interfacial phases and phase transitions, and segregation of solute atoms. The kinetics of interfaces are covered in three chapters concerned with diffusion, conservative motion, and non-conservative motion. Finally there are two chapters which cover the electrical and mechanical properties of interfaces. This book is a unique introduction to the field of interfaces in crystalline materials spanning the subject in a coherent and pedagogical style. Book jacket.

Download or read book An Introduction to Composite Materials written by D. Hull and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-08-13 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition has been greatly enlarged and updated to provide both scientists and engineers with a clear and comprehensive understanding of composite materials. In describing both theoretical and practical aspects of their production, properties and usage, the book crosses the borders of many disciplines. Topics covered include: fibres, matrices, laminates and interfaces; elastic deformation, stress and strain, strength, fatigue crack propagation and creep resistance; toughness and thermal properties; fatigue and deterioration under environmental conditions; fabrication and applications. Coverage has been increased to include polymeric, metallic and ceramic matrices and reinforcement in the form of long fibres, short fibres and particles. Designed primarily as a teaching text for final-year undergraduates in materials science and engineering, this book will also interest undergraduates and postgraduates in chemistry, physics, and mechanical engineering. In addition, it will be an excellent source book for academic and technological researchers on materials.

Download or read book Fundamental Contributions to the Continuum Theory of Evolving Phase Interfaces in Solids written by John M. Ball and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A traditional way to honor distinguished scientists is to combine collections of papers solicited from friendly colleagues into dedicatory volumes. To honor our friend and colleague Mort Gurtin on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday, we followed a surer path to produce a work of intrinsic and lasting scientific value: We collected pa pers that we deemed seminal in the field of evolving phase interfaces in solids, a field to which Mort Gurtin himself has made fundamental contributions. Our failure for lack of space to include in this volume every paper of major significance is mitigated by the ma gisterial introduction prepared by Eliot Fried, which assesses the contributions of nu merous works. We hope that this collection will prove useful and stimulating to both researchers and students in this exciting field. August 1998 JohnM. Ball David Kinderlehrer Paulo Podio-Guidugli Marshall Slemrod Contents Introduction: Fifty Years of Research on Evolving Phase Interfaces By Eliot Fried. 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••• 1 I. Papers on Materials Science Surface Tension as a Motivation for Sintering By C. Herring 33 Two-Dimensional Motion of Idealized Grain Boundaries By W. W. Mullins 0 ••••••••••• 0 ••••••••••••••••••• 70 Morphological. Stability of a Particle Growing by Diffusion or Heat Flow By w. w. Mullins and R. F. Sekerka 75 Energy Relations and the Energy-Momentum Tensor in Continuum Mechanics By J. D. Eshelby 82 The Interactions of Composition and Stress in Crystalline Solids By F. e. Larche and 1. W. Cahn 120 II.

Download or read book Computational Thermo Fluid Dynamics written by Petr A. Nikrityuk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-19 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining previously unconnected computational methods, this monograph discusses the latest basic schemes and algorithms for the solution of fluid, heat and mass transfer problems coupled with electrodynamics. It presents the necessary mathematical background of computational thermo-fluid dynamics, the numerical implementation and the application to real-world problems. Particular emphasis is placed throughout on the use of electromagnetic fields to control the heat, mass and fluid flows in melts and on phase change phenomena during the solidification of pure materials and binary alloys. However, the book provides much more than formalisms and algorithms; it also stresses the importance of good, feasible and workable models to understand complex systems, and develops these in detail. Bringing computational fluid dynamics, thermodynamics and electrodynamics together, this is a useful source for materials scientists, PhD students, solid state physicists, process engineers and mechanical engineers, as well as lecturers in mechanical engineering.

Download or read book Ceramic Materials written by C. Barry Carter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering is an up-to-date treatment of ceramic science, engineering, and applications in a single, comprehensive text. Building on a foundation of crystal structures, phase equilibria, defects, and the mechanical properties of ceramic materials, students are shown how these materials are processed for a wide diversity of applications in today's society. Concepts such as how and why ions move, how ceramics interact with light and magnetic fields, and how they respond to temperature changes are discussed in the context of their applications. References to the art and history of ceramics are included throughout the text, and a chapter is devoted to ceramics as gemstones. This course-tested text now includes expanded chapters on the role of ceramics in industry and their impact on the environment as well as a chapter devoted to applications of ceramic materials in clean energy technologies. Also new are expanded sets of text-specific homework problems and other resources for instructors. The revised and updated Second Edition is further enhanced with color illustrations throughout the text.

Download or read book Single Crystal Growth of Semiconductors from Metallic Solutions written by Sadik Dost and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-11-17 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single Crystal Growth of Semiconductors from Metallic Solutions covers the four principal growth techniques currently in use for the growth of semiconductor single crystals from metallic solutions. Providing an in-depth review of the state-of-the-art of each, both experimentally and by numerical simulations. The importance of a close interaction between the numerical and experimental aspects of the processes is also emphasized. Advances in the fields of electronics and opto-electronics are hampered by the limited number of substrate materials which can be readily produced by melt-growth techniques such as the Czochralski and Bridgman methods. This can be alleviated by the use of alternative growth techniques, and in particular, growth from metallic solutions. The principal techniques currently in use are: Liquid Phase Epitaxy; Liquid Phase Electroepitaxy; the Travelling Heater Method, and; Liquid Phase Diffusion. Single Crystal Growth of Semiconductors from Metallic Solutions will serve as a valuable reference tool for researchers, and graduate and senior undergraduate students in the field of crystal growth. It covers most of the models developed in recent years. The detailed development of basic and constitutive equations and the associated interface and boundary conditions given for each technique will be very valuable to researchers for the development of their new models.* Describes the fundamentals of crystal growth modelling* Providing a state-of-the art description of the mathematical and experimental growth processes * Allows reader to gain clear insight into the practical and mathematical aspects of the topic

Download or read book Crystalline Semiconducting Materials and Devices written by Paul N. Butcher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned primarily with the fundamental theory underlying the physical and chemical properties of crystalIine semiconductors. After basic introductory material on chemical bonding, electronic band structure, phonons, and electronic transport, some emphasis is placed on surface and interfacial properties, as weil as effects of doping with a variety of impurities. Against this background, the use of such materials in device physics is examined and aspects of materials preparation are discussed briefty. The level of presentation is suitable for postgraduate students and research workers in solid-state physics and chemistry, materials science, and electrical and electronic engineering. Finally, it may be of interest to note that this book originated in a College organized at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, in Spring 1984. P. N. Butcher N. H. March M. P. Tosi vii Contents 1. Bonds and Bands in Semiconductors 1 E. Mooser 1. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 2. The Semiconducting Bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. 3. Bond Approach Versus Band Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1. 4. Construction of the Localized X by Linear Combination of n Atomic Orbitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1. 5. The General Octet Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1. 6. The Aufbau-Principle of the Crystal Structure of Semiconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1. 7. A Building Principle for Polyanionic Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 I. H. Structural Sorting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 1. 9. Chemical Bonds and Semiconductivity in Transition-Element Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 1. 10. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 2. Electronic Band Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 G. Grosso 2. 1. Two Different Strategies for Band-Structure Calculations . . . . . . . 55 2. 2. The Tight-Binding Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Download or read book Relaxation of the Chemical Bond written by Chang Q Sun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to explore the detectable properties of a material to the parameters of bond and non-bond involved and to clarify the interdependence of various properties. This book is composed of four parts; Part I deals with the formation and relaxation dynamics of bond and non-bond during chemisorptions with uncovering of the correlation among the chemical bond, energy band and surface potential barrier (3B) during reactions; Part II is focused on the relaxation of bonds between atoms with fewer neighbors than the ideal in bulk with unraveling of the bond order-length-strength (BOLS) correlation mechanism, which clarifies the nature difference between nanostructures and bulk of the same substance; Part III deals with the relaxation dynamics of bond under heating and compressing with revealing of rules on the temperature-resolved elastic and plastic properties of low-dimensional materials; Part IV is focused on the asymmetric relaxation dynamics of the hydrogen bond (O:H-O) and the anomalous behavior of water and ice under cooling, compressing and clustering. The target audience for this book includes scientists, engineers and practitioners in the area of surface science and nanoscience.

Download or read book Atomistic Simulation of Materials written by David J. Srolovitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains proceedings of an international symposium on Atomistic th Simulation of Materials: Beyond Pair Potentials which was held in Chicago from the 25 th to 30 of September 1988, in conjunction with the ASM World Materials Congress. This symposium was financially supported by the Energy Conversion and Utilization Technology Program of the U. S Department of Energy and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. A total of fifty four talks were presented of which twenty one were invited. Atomistic simulations are now common in materials research. Such simulations are currently used to determine the structural and thermodynamic properties of crystalline solids, glasses and liquids. They are of particular importance in studies of crystal defects, interfaces and surfaces since their structures and behavior playa dominant role in most materials properties. The utility of atomistic simulations lies in their ability to provide information on those length scales where continuum theory breaks down and instead complex many body problems have to be solved to understand atomic level structures and processes.

Download or read book Crucial Issues in Semiconductor Materials and Processing Technologies written by S. Coffa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductors lie at the heart of some of the most important industries and technologies of the twentieth century. The complexity of silicon integrated circuits is increasing considerably because of the continuous dimensional shrinkage to improve efficiency and functionality. This evolution in design rules poses real challenges for the materials scientists and processing engineers. Materials, defects and processing now have to be understood in their totality. World experts discuss, in this volume, the crucial issues facing lithography, ion implication and plasma processing, metallization and insulating layer quality, and crystal growth. Particular emphasis is placed upon silicon, but compound semiconductors and photonic materials are also highlighted. The fundamental concepts of phase stability, interfaces and defects play a key role in understanding these crucial issues. These concepts are reviewed in a crucial fashion.

Download or read book Crystal and Epitaxial Growth written by V. Alexander Stefan, Editor and published by Stefan University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nonlinear Phenomena in Physics written by Francisco Claro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was almost four hundred years ago that Galileo wrote in Il Saggiatore that the "Book of Nature is written in mathema ti ca 1 characters". Thi s sentence, i nspi red at the dawn of physics has proved with the passage of time to contain a deep truth and also a warning: in order to understand Nature, first we must learn to read mathema tical characters. Indeed, writing physical law in such characters has proved not as hard as unraveling the content of the resulting equations. In particular, the lack of knowledge in the field of nonlinear mathematics has been a severe limita tion in the past. Thus the solution to equations such as the Navier-Stokes equation in fluid dynamics has remained elusive. The recent advent of fast computers and some important analytical and numerical results in the study of bifurcations and nonlinear waves have encouraged work both in theory and experiment involving non linear phenomena. An explosive growth in the specialized literature penetrating most research areas in physics in the last few years has ensued. This book contains the most recent advances in nonlinear physics in various fields including astrophysics, gravitation, particle physics, quantum optics, fluid dynamics and the mathematics underlying the phenomena of chaos and nonlinear waves. It presents a selection from the lectures delivered at the XXI '_atin American School of Physics held in Santiago, Chile in July-August 1984 (EtAF'84).

Download or read book Scientific Interfaces and Technological Applications written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1986-01-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Kinetics of Solids written by Hermann Schmalzried and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many different chemical processes take place inside solids or at solid surfaces and interfaces. However, their quantitative description sometimes seems difficult to understand. This book by Professor Schmalzried, author of the eminently successful Solid State Reactions; bridges the gap between the 'physical' and 'chemical' approaches to this subject because it is written in a language which both sides understand. For the first time, a comprehensive coverage of the rapidly developing field of Solid State Kinetics is available. The topics covered in this book go far beyond diffusional transport. Homogeneous and heterogeneous solid-state reactions, phase transitions or the influence of external fields are also treated in detail. With this background, the author explains e.g. charge transport mechanisms in ionic conductors, principles of sensor technology, or oxidation processes clearly and comprehensibly. This book is a must for every solid-state chemist and an indispensable tool for academic and industrial readers alike. From reviews: 'a first-rate reference work that a must for any science library' (J. Am Chem. Soc.) 'can be recommended without restrictions ...' (Z. Phys. Chem.)

Download or read book Principles of Solidification written by Martin Eden Glicksman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Principles of Solidification” offers comprehensive descriptions of liquid-to-solid transitions encountered in shaped casting, welding, and non-biological bulk crystal growth processes. The book logically develops through careful presentation of relevant thermodynamic and kinetic theories and models of solidification occurring in a variety of materials. Major topics encompass the liquid-state, liquid-solid transformations, chemical macro- and microsegregation, purification by fractional crystallization and zone refining, solid-liquid interfaces, polyphase freezing, and rapid solidification processing. Solid-liquid interfaces are discussed quantitatively both as sharp and diffuse entities, with supporting differential geometric descriptions. The book offers: • Detailed mathematical examples throughout to guide readers • Applications of solidification and crystal growth methodologies for preparation and purification of metals, ceramics, polymers and semiconductors • Appendices providing supporting information on special topics covered in the chapters. Readers in materials, metallurgical, chemical, and mechanical engineering will find this to be a useful source on the subjects of solidification and crystal growth. Chemists, physicists, and geologists concerned with melting/freezing phenomena will also find much of value in this book.

Download or read book Dynamics of Crystal Surfaces and Interfaces written by P.M. Duxbury and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-07-31 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a workshop held in Traverse City, Michigan, August 4-8, 1996