Download or read book Morphological and Physiological Mechanisms of Yield Stability in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Across Diverse Environments written by Geoffrey M. Heinrich and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Grain Sorghum for Physiological and Yield Traits Associated with Drought Tolerance written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fourth most important cereal crop grown throughout the semi-arid regions of the world. It is a staple food crop in Africa and Asia, while it is an important feed crop in the United States (US). More recently it is increasingly becoming important as a potential bioenergy feedstock crop around the world. The state of Kansas is the largest producer of grain sorghum in the US and contributes 40% of the total production. Drought is one of the major environmental factors limiting sorghum production in the semi-arid regions of the US, Asia and Africa. It is estimated that global crop losses due to drought stress exceed $10 billion annually. In crop production, drought stress can be classified into pre- or post-flowering. Even though the world collections of sorghum contain over 35,000 accessions, the genetic base currently used in breeding programs is very small (about 3%). Thus, it is important to identify diverse breeding lines for crop improvement. The diversity (association) panel consisting of 300 sorghum lines from all over the world was assembled for trait evaluation and association mapping. In this research these lines were grouped into the five major races (Figure 1) and 10 intermediate races of sorghum. The objectives of the research are to: (i) quantify the performance of the diversity panel under field conditions in Kansas, (ii) identify critical physiological traits affected by drought at both pre- and post-flowering stages of sorghum development, (iii) identify the most sensitive stage to drought stress during the reproductive phase of sorghum development and, (iv) test the feasibility of using a chlorophyll fluorescence assay (CVA) as a tool for identifying stay-green lines in grain sorghum during early stages of crop development. Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 in two locations in Kansas (Manhattan and Hays) under rain fed and irrigated conditions for the association panel. Objectives (iii) and (iv) were achieved with controlled environment experiments conducted in the greenhouse at the agronomy department, Kansas State University in 2006 and 2007. Results showed that there was large genetic variability among and within different races in the diversity panel for growth, physiological traits and yield components. Some genotypes showed yield stability across the different environments that were investigated. Drought significantly decreased seed number and harvest index across genotypes and races. In grain sorghum the period prior to flowering (panicle initiation) was the most sensitive stage to drought stress, in terms of its effect on seed-set, during reproductive development. A cell viability assay showed that there were significant differences in the loss of cell viability between leaf sample of stay green and non-stay green genotypes when leaf samples are collected in the morning and subjected to high respiratory demand. Therefore the chlorophyll fluorescence assay has potential as a tool for stay green trait screening at early stages of growth in grain sorghum.

Download or read book Genotype X Environment Interactions and Yield Stability in Relation to Maturity in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Mohammad Saeed and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies of Physiological Morphological and Anatomical Aspects of Lodging in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Humphrey Adefolarin Esechie and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Morphological Characteristics and Yield of Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by John Charles Bickel and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agrometeorology of Sorghum and Millet in the Semi arid Tropics written by International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physiological Basis of Hybrid Variation for Grain Yield and Nitrogen Concentration of Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Grown Under Different Nitrogen Levels written by Akihiko Kamoshita and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physiological and Genetic Characterization of Sorghum Exposed to Early Season Chilling and Terminal Heat and Drought Stress written by Anuj Chiluwal and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the hardiest crop to abiotic stresses compared with other grain crops. However early stage chilling, terminal heat and drought stress are three most damaging abiotic stresses that have limited sorghum productivity in the US Great plains and other locations having similar environmental conditions. Three studies were conducted with an overall goal aimed at increasing grain sorghum's resilience to harsh climatic conditions. In the first study, four promising chilling stress tolerant sorghum advanced breeding lines, a known early stage chilling tolerant Chinese landrace (Shan Qui Red - SQR) and a susceptible US elite cultivar (RTx430) as checks were assessed for chilling tolerance during emergence and early growth under field and controlled environments. Aerial phenotyping using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) fitted with multispectral camera was used to capture reflectance-based vegetation indices (NDVI and NDRE) in field experiments. Some advanced breeding lines with superior agronomic background also recorded significantly better emergence, seedling growth and vigor compared to SQR under chilling conditions. Aerial phenotyping indices from images taken between 30 and 60 days after emergence were consistently correlated with destructive measurements under early plantings, indicating their effectiveness in differentiating chilling responses. Second study was conducted to understand physiological mechanisms inducing heat stress resilience in sorghum during flowering. A diverse set of sorghum inbreds and selected hybrids were tested under greenhouse, growth chamber facilities and field conditions. A highly conserved early-morning-flowering mechanism was observed across all the inbreds and hybrids, with the peak anthesis wherein >90% of florets completed flowering within 30 min after dawn. The conserved response was consistent even under drought stress and heat stress exposure imposed at different times of the day. Our findings report a novel heat escaping early-morning-flowering mechanism effectively employed by sorghum to minimize heat stress impact at anthesis. Another experiment with sequential increase in daytime temperature treatments suggest heat stress induced loss in pollen viability to be a key factor resulting in reduced seed-set and grain yield. The findings suggest heat stress could have a greater impact on post-pollen germination processes such as fertilization, embryo formation and development. We identified a heat tolerant genotype "Macia" which appears to be a promising donor for developing improved heat tolerant sorghum hybrids. In the third study, a bi-parental recombinant inbred lines (RILs) mapping population developed from elite post flowering drought susceptible cultivar (RTx430) and a known drought tolerant cultivar (SC35) were evaluated under wide spectrum of environments and moisture conditions. Several novel and major QTL for grain yield, panicle neck diameter, effective quantum yield of photosystem II and chlorophyll content were identified. The genomic regions and the candidate genes within these regions can potentially help in improving source and sink dynamics in sorghum under diverse environments. The findings from these studies will complement ongoing efforts in developing future sorghum with enhanced resilience to different abiotic stresses that continue to limit sorghum productivity.

Download or read book Effects of Thinning at Different Growth Stages on Morphology and Yield of Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Ronnie Mack Castleberry and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Millets and Sorghum written by Jagannath V. Patil and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millets and sorghum are extremely important crops in many developing nations and because of the ability of many of them to thrive in low-moisture situations they represent some exciting opportunities for further development to address the continuing and increasing impact of global temperature increase on the sustainability of the world’s food crops. The main focus of this thorough new book is the potential for crop improvement through new and traditional methods, with the book’s main chapters covering the following crops: sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail milet, proso millet, little millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet, tef and fonio. Further chapters cover pests and diseases, nutritional and industrial importance, novel tools for improvement, and seed systems in millets. Millets and Sorghum provides full and comprehensive coverage of these crucially important crops, their biology, world status and potential for improvement, and is an essential purchase for crop and plant scientists, and food scientists and technologists throughout the developed and developing world. All libraries in universities and research establishment where biological and agricultural sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this important book on their shelves.

Download or read book The Bulletin of Agricultural Research in Botswana written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Relationships of Certain Morphological Characters with Grain Yield and Quality of Phenotypically Diverse Lines and Hybrids in Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Bantayehu Gelaw and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Different Population Densities on Yield and Some Agronomic and Morphological Characteristics of Three Grain Sorghum Hybrids written by Festo Samanya Owenya and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physiological and Agronomic Responses of a Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Hybrid to Elevated Night Temperatures written by V. B. Ogunlela and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two greenhouse and three field experiment were conducted to study the effects of elevated night temperatures on the yield and growth of a grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrid. The genotype used in these investigations was the 'RS 671' (Redlan x Tx 415), an open-pedigree temperate-adapted grain sorghum. The phenological growth phase during which temperature treatments were imposed was the panicle development (GS-2) period. Experiment I, II (greenhouse) and III (field) were designed to determine the response of grain sorghum to two elevated night temperatures and the growth stage during GS-2 period when the plant is most sensitive to elevated temperatures. Experiment IV and V (field) were conducted with the same objectives as those for Experiment I, II and III and also to determine the effects of artificial preconditioning on the plant's response to elevated night temperatures. Experiments I - Plants were exposed to 26.5 and 32 C night temperatures at 4-day durations commencing from florest differentiation through bloom. The two elevated night temperatures caused significant reduction in grain yield and yield components except seed size that was enhanced (12%) by the 32 C treatment. Approximately 19%, 21%, 24% and 20% reductions in panicle dry weight, grain yield per plant, number of seeds per panicle and grams of grain/GS-3 day/plant, respectively, were caused by the 32 C treatment. The 26,5 C treatment also caused reduction in these variables but to much lesser degrees. Numbers of days to (...).

Download or read book Physiological Investigations of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by H. R. Lafitte and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sorghum Newsletter written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: